However, I still want to emphasize that history is logical, and the veil can only obscure it, but it can't really hide the truth. In other words, what we know is not necessarily rigorous, but as long as we pursue it rigorously, we will certainly see a clear and clear history.
It is a well-known fact that the second Qin Dynasty died, and many people can tell some reasons for its sudden death. For example, severe punishment and laws, such as heavy taxes and so on. In fact, there are no obvious problems with these, but they are a little superficial and too general. The sudden demise of the Qin Dynasty was actually a collapse of the system and a rebound of human nature.
Today, I will try to use some popular language and logic to talk to you about what caused the collapse of the Qin Dynasty. What should we reflect from its collapse?
I have introduced the greatness of Qin Shihuang in my last article. However, Qin Shihuang is a mortal after all, and he is also restricted by human nature. A person who looks down on all beings is most likely to feel empty, lonely and cold. "It's too cold at the top" does not mean how cold it is at the top, but it's too cold at the top, which makes people feel cold easily.
In 2 15 BC, Qin Shihuang was thirty-two years old. At this time, Qin Shihuang has done what other emperors can't do all their lives. He doesn't know what to do is meaningful to him. So, he decided to travel around the country to see his masterpieces and praise the whole world. In fact, he has fallen into spiritual emptiness. He went to Mount Tai to worship Zen-to talk to heaven, to see the sea in Langya-to ask the way with the mystery.
How lonely is invincible? Just look at the opponents that invincible people choose for themselves, but any invincible person in the world will eventually blindly challenge myths and unknowns, without exception! So Qin Shihuang decided to become an immortal. Is this ridiculous? No, because modern medicine has long proved that depression is often caused by people losing their goals in life, so in fact, the probability of successful people suffering from depression is much greater than that of strugglers. Qin Shihuang planned every step of his life long ago, but unexpectedly realized everything. He has nothing to think about. Who is qualified to think?
Qin Shihuang believed that the breakthrough of immortality should be in the East China Sea (he came from the west, with northern emperors in the north and southern barbarians, and only the other side of the East China Sea was unknown). Legend has it that there are three fairy mountains in the East China Sea-Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou. There are immortals on the fairy mountain, and immortals have elixirs. This is actually the logic of answering questions by yourself.
In order to prove his conjecture, he sent expeditions to the East China Sea many times to find fairy mountains, immortals and elixirs. One of the most famous is Xu Fu's team, which has thousands of boys and girls. This team will never return, and it is said that it has become the ancestor of the Japanese. Later, Qin Shihuang came to Jieshi (Changli, Hebei Province) in the northeast of the empire and ordered an alchemist named Lu Sheng from Yan Di to visit the immortals in the sea again.
Obviously, those alchemists are fooling Qin Shihuang for their own benefit. Here's an explanation. Why is Qin Shihuang so gullible? In fact, people are easy to fool, as long as you grasp your desire and fool as much as you want. Health care drugs are sold to the elderly who want to live a long life, courses are sold to parents who want to succeed, and scantily clad women seduce thirsty men ... Are these tricks technical? No, but it is almost certain that they all cater to human desires.
However, in the end, the fool was always confused, so Xu Fu ran away. And Lu Sheng, estimated to have wandered around the sea for a circle, couldn't find a place to run, so he came back, but he must not return empty-handed, so he brought back a precious book, a record book, and wrote five striking characters in the book-"Qin Wu Hu Ye"!
You might think that's credible, too? Qin Shihuang is possessed! In fact, for Qin Shihuang, credibility is not important. The important thing is that he thinks he has found something to do. According to his understanding, he felt that this was the general name of "Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman and Beidi" that God wanted him to destroy the Hu people. In the past, Qin was Xirong, Qi was Dongyi, Chu was Na Man, and the nomadic people in the north were Bei Di. Now the so-called conference semifinals, except the nomadic people in the north, are all unified in the Daqin Empire except the Northern Emperor. Qin Shihuang felt that his next task was to destroy the Northern Emperor.
Later, the world associated the play with Hu Hai, saying that these five words meant that Qin died at the hands of Hu Hai. I can't say it except this storyteller with a big brain hole.
This incident only shows that Lu Sheng is a very The Good Liar, and his question points to the essentials of montage. Because you are basically looking for a smoke in the other person's known field, but fooling in the other person's unknown field can arouse his curiosity and competitiveness. Lu Sheng's bluff this time laid the groundwork for the collapse of the Daqin Empire.
Qin Shihuang decided to destroy Hu, and Qin Shihuang made a big move from the beginning. In fact, the Huns at that time were vulnerable. In doing so, Qin Shihuang is a bit like shooting flies with a cannon, which consumes his own financial, material and human resources, but it is difficult to kill flies, which will only aggravate the internal contradictions in his country.
At that time, due to the undeveloped cavalry technology and equipment, Xiongnu could not form a real threat to the Central Plains regime. It's just that they are riding horses, running fast, and people can't catch up with them, which is very annoying. They are a group of thieves who run fast, similar to the "wild thieves" of later generations. Can a group of "Yeyi" thieves subvert or occupy an empire?
In fact, for such thieves, it is the best way to give them some sweetness and coax them to stop making trouble, similar to the later courtship and kissing. But Qin Shihuang thinks I killed all six countries, and I can't handle you little thieves? Qin Shihuang and Qin Dynasty went further and further.
Fascinated and confident, Qin Shihuang personally toured the frontier, from Jieshi to Yuyang, Dai Jun, Yanmen, Shang Jun, and then back to Xianyang, and began to make great achievements.
Qin Shihuang's idea is "four strikes". First, build a highway-Qin Zhi Road to the northern border to solve the problem of troop and material transportation; Then send troops to beat the Huns away; Then repair the original Great Wall of Qin, Zhao and Yan to prevent rebound; Finally, mainland residents will be resettled in the border. This idea is absolutely impeccable, and it is also extremely correct from the perspective of solving problems.
But sometimes, we have to understand that if the question itself is wrong, then no matter how smart you are, it is difficult to get the correct answer. Xiongnu shouldn't have fought at all! Because cannons can shoot flies, it is not cost-effective to shoot flies.
The Qin dynasty has just gained a foothold, and it is time for a smooth transition. Such a big move at this time is simply a blow. When destroying the six countries, we can support the war by fighting, and we must rely on our own investment to fight the Huns. And the place is far away, and the cost of transportation makes it impossible to reduce the cost of war. The revolutionary line of Shanxi Plateau became the death line of Qin Dynasty.
Although Qin Shihuang realized that the cost of war was too high, he decided to build roads to reduce the cost. However, in the era without excavators, the cost of road construction is not much lower. Qin Shihuang's key is to fight while making progress, which puts double demands on Qin's ability to allocate materials and personnel.
In 2 15 BC, Meng Tian and 300,000 troops were sent to destroy the Huns. Although the artillery hit mosquitoes this time, it scared them, but the artillery of the Qin Dynasty was also tossed and reimbursed.
300,000 troops and millions of migrant workers have to cross mountains to transport food and transfuse blood. Often the blood transfusion team has not yet arrived at the blood transfusion site, and the blood is almost exhausted. Whose blood and tears have been consumed? It was beyond the ordinary people's endurance, which was the main reason for the complaints at that time in the Qin Dynasty.
Meng Tian finally lived up to expectations and wiped out all Huns in Hetao area. The Huns were shocked by the state of Qin and fled to the north. Qin dynasty won face and lost lining. However, the Qin dynasty has not stopped, because it is a great waste of people's money to build the Great Wall and immigrate to guard the border. (By the way, the Great Wall is really important) And the people pay the bill. The lifestyle of ordinary people is getting narrower and narrower.
Once again, after the Qin Dynasty finished fighting the North Lake, it didn't stop, but turned the gun to fight the South Lake. Once again, the cannon hit the flies, adding fuel to the fire of the Qin people.
However, the people of China will always be the most docile group in the world. As long as there is a little hope of survival, they are unwilling to rebel. This is not that they are afraid of death, but that they have love in their hearts and don't want to be involved in the people they love. At this time, the Qin dynasty was already crumbling, but fortunately, the terrible fighting capacity of the Qin dynasty and the unique prestige of Qin Shihuang could temporarily stabilize the situation.
Qin Shihuang, who was born to do great things, lived endlessly and tossed around. In 2 12 BC, in the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang, 700,000 prisoners were recruited, and the construction of the "first palace in the world" was started, and the investment in the construction of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum continued, which has been thirty-five years.
See the details. In the above data, the number of prisoners alone exceeds 6.5438+0 million. What is this concept? At that time, the population was about 20 million. In addition to ordinary women, the elderly and children, nearly 20% of adult men were prisoners. Is there such a high crime rate? But because Qin Shihuang kept spending a lot of money, many people were "forced" to become prisoners. It is conceivable that the structure of social relations at that time in the Qin Dynasty was so deformed.
In July of 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang died on a trip. His imperial edict was tampered with by the powerful minister Zhao Gao. Fu Su, a son, was killed by a fake life. Meng Yi, Meng Tian and other loyal ministers and generals were destroyed, and the royal family was purged in large numbers. History is called "Dune coup".
Qin Shihuang's body was transported to Xianyang under the cover of rotten fish and shrimp and buried in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. Qin Shihuang is dead, and his Daqin will not live long. Because his successor, Hu Hai, is a mediocrity, and Zhao Gao around him is a villain, although Reese is talented, he has no virtue and cannot be reused.
Osawa Township, Chen Sheng shouted out the most awesome rebel slogan in the history of China, "Princes will have seeds". After that, a single spark started a prairie fire, and the Daqin Empire was burned to ashes.
From the above introduction, where do you think the Qin Dynasty collapsed? Is Qin Shihuang too cruel? Is the rule of law in the Qin Dynasty too strict? Did Qin Shihuang die too early? Is Hu Hai too incompetent? These statements are reasonable, but they are all one-sided.
In the strategic sense of a country, can you say that Qin Shihuang's big moves in the last five years are unreasonable? It can be said that each of them is enough to shine in history. But why does doing the right thing lead to extinction?
This involves a logical misunderstanding, which we can call "the logical misunderstanding of the winner". Winners often don't see the shadow of failure. Why do I often advise everyone that the more successful people are, the more calm they should be, because people tend to get carried away when they are successful. Successful experience can not only increase people's confidence, but also make people arrogant. How many masters were defeated because they underestimated the enemy? How many heroes died of arrogance?
Qin Shihuang was so awesome that he thought he could handle everything easily. So he doesn't know how to control his desires. In his time and environment, he didn't realize the profound truth that "water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it". Qin Shihuang's leadership is basically assured of the general direction, which is determined by his knowledge and pattern. But in terms of logical rigor and hierarchy, he is not enough, which is determined by his experience and achievements. Generally speaking, a rich man, with money, can live an elegant life, and the poor may never learn it; But in the case of bankruptcy, who can live a more exquisite life without taking risks? It is estimated that most rich people should learn from the poor.
As mentioned earlier, many people say that Qin Ershi died because Qin Shihuang died too early and Hu Hai was too incompetent, which led to the machine falling apart and losing control. In fact, it has little to do with the death of Qin Shihuang. Even if Qin Shihuang lives a few more years, as long as he continues like this, the Qin Dynasty will collapse sooner or later! Hu Hai's incompetence really accelerated the demise of the Qin Dynasty. If he is superior, he will immediately stop all heroes and slowly heal the people, and maybe there will be a turn for the better. But he indulged himself more and exhausted the last luck of the Daqin Empire.
Finally, Daqin died of severe punishment. This has something to do with it. After all, the direct cause of the uprising in Daze Township is "cutting time and losing time"! I won't refute this question. I just want to ask a few questions for your consideration. The harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty originated from Shang Yang's political reform, and Qin people did not suffer from it. Why didn't the people of Qin rebel? The period when the Qin Dynasty exerted the most serious pressure on the people was the last five years of Qin Shihuang. Why didn't the people rebel at that time? Is Bobby Chen, who can shout "A prince would rather have seeds", really a farmer?
Having said that, where did the Qin Dynasty collapse? In fact, it is to eat too full and eat too fast. You Qin unified the world with Guanzhong, which is like a snake swallowing an elephant and bursting your stomach. The point is, you still wolfed it down and stuffed it all into your stomach. At this time, what you need to do most is digestion, even if it is half digested, it is excellent. You just ran around after eating. You don't have a stomachache. Who will have a stomachache? It is not advisable to do strenuous exercise after meals. Many people can't learn this simple truth and can't use it.
The most important thing is that what you eat in the belly of the state of Qin was snatched from someone else's bowl. When others are piteously drooling and silent, it doesn't mean that others don't resent you, but dare to speak out. Every silent hater is a barrel of gunpowder, and they only need a fuse to detonate it. This lead is Qin's harsh laws, which compressed the living space of the people in Qin Dynasty to the extreme, and it is common sense that excessive pressure will lead to explosion.
After all, the Qin Dynasty was bullying people, but there were ways to bully people. This is equivalent to slapping people 30 times. If you slap three times a day, the bullied person will endure until the tenth day. But if you fan thirty times in a row, few people can hold back. It's okay for you to bully people with your strength and beat them up from time to time, but you really want to kill people. Do you think you will fight hard with you?
In the final analysis, the fundamental reason for the collapse of the Qin Dynasty lies in its inflexible and rigid systems and laws. An inflexible society is the place where the following people are most likely to feel fear and despair. The Qin dynasty didn't realize that the state machine didn't have lubricating oil, and it was strange that the machine didn't fall apart because it was forced to run or even accelerated.
Some people say that the Qin Dynasty was such a bully and deserved to die. There is nothing wrong with this sentence, but it seems a little naive. After all, politics has nothing to do with morality. Throughout the ages, the rulers' ruling logic has always been bullying the weak. Don't expect the emperor to really love the people as much as his son. Just treat you like someone else's child.
As for the state of Qin, from the beginning of Shang Yang's political reform, it entered a cold-blooded era. Why did it take more than 100 years to establish a unified king and slowly disintegrate? Why can Legalists help Qin win the world, but not help Qin stabilize the world? This problem is very complicated. Let me briefly say, what is the core of legalist thought? Forcing people to death, forcing out your potential, forcing out your obedience, forcing out your numbness, is similar to the logic of training killers we see in film and television dramas. So this idea is very lethal. The killer organization has a strong offensive ability. But when have you ever seen a killer organize the United Wulin? Because it is relatively easy to beat and kill a person, it is the most difficult to beat a talent. Don't use the western society ruled by law to wrangle, that's two different things! )
The rise and fall of Qin also tells us a truth that is always worth thinking about: being a master, doing things and being a man will encounter great difficulties. Don't think that Yao Ming, a big man, has a good eye for playing basketball in the NBA. In fact, because he is too big, his life is full of embarrassment. We don't think those big companies sit in the office of CBD every day, and the high-end atmosphere is high-grade. In fact, people die more brain cells every day than we do; Don't think that those people with big possessions are too handsome. The risks they encounter every day are much greater than ours ... The Qin Dynasty is so big and there are many enemies around, but the Qin Dynasty didn't realize this problem at all, only felt great prestige and didn't guard against huge risks.
If some friends don't understand, I can only give a more direct example. If you think stick education is good, you think it is effective to discipline your own children, but you can try to manage children in a class or a school with it? See if you can make it to the end or if those disobedient children can make it to the end.
Through the process of Qin collapse, we should understand that everything has a cause and effect, and any cause and effect is measured. Therefore, we must grasp the degree and grasp the rhythm. There is no absolute good or bad in the world, but anything that is too absolute is definitely bad. Is Shang Yang's political reform good? Ok, it is practical and immediate! However, you should always use it to the extreme. People won't kill you, but heaven will kill you. Just like an aphrodisiac, taking one pill once in a while can increase a man's confidence and increase a couple's interest. Take it every day and see what happens.
Therefore, try to live a transparent life, watch history, listen to songs, talk about romantic affairs, don't see the wind and rain, and don't blindly believe those chicken soup statements. Think and know how to distinguish. For example, how to understand the advice that "you can drink 821 Jin, and such comrades should be trained"? Does he really want to train you, or is he just trying to trick you into drinking? Do you just get drunk after drinking eight taels, or will you go to the hospital and lose your life? The person who advises you to drink a few ounces of wine has a few ounces of feelings with you, and he is also the one who is willing to drink a few ounces with you. If you can't figure out these reasons, try to keep silent.
Finally, returning to the topic of Qin collapse is actually a very popular logic. A formidable man played invincible for dozens of miles in Fiona Fang, and tentatively bullied some people. At first glance, he didn't respond, so he became bolder and faster. Finally, he aroused public anger, roared and killed the gang. Therefore, we should always remember that no matter how awesome we are, no matter how vulnerable our opponents are, we should never push people to the wall.
In addition, people like Lu Sheng are around us, so we should learn to distinguish other people's opinions. Don't think we are awesome, and you dare to jump into the hole when others point at us. That doesn't prove that you are awesome, only that you are a sand sculpture.
In addition, don't do anything to shoot flies with cannons. Take10 million chips and bet with others to win or lose10,000 yuan. No matter what the result is, you are the one who lost the most. It is meaningful to do things with peers. Love, life, work and chatting are all the same. Don't get caught up in those war of words. I've never seen a quarrelling master win over a fool.
In fact, thinking about Qin Beng is everywhere. I just throw out some ideas for readers' reference. More historical insights, in fact, need everyone to slowly understand from the historical logic. This is the most fascinating place in history and the most valuable place. Many people regard history as a story. In fact, Pig Bajie ate ginseng fruit, but he didn't know its taste and didn't benefit from it. In short, if you really love history, try to learn more about it!