World Breastfeeding Week is an important activity established by the International Breastfeeding Action Alliance to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. The following is a collection of promotional materials for breastfeeding week. Welcome to read!
First of all, the benefits of breastfeeding
1. Moderate nutrition: protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients in breast milk are comprehensive, and the nutrition ratio is appropriate, especially in the first six months, which is beneficial to the growth and development of babies.
2. Strong immunity: breast milk is rich in immune antibodies, which can protect the infant's tender respiratory tract and intestinal mucosa, enhance the disease resistance and reduce the incidence of infectious diseases in infants.
3. Mother-infant relationship: Breastfeeding can enhance the emotional and psychological connection between mother and child, and promote the development of baby's psychological and social adaptability.
4. Maternal health care: Mothers breastfeed immediately after delivery, which promotes the contraction of mothers' uterus, prevents postpartum hemorrhage, and is conducive to restoring body shape. Exclusive breastfeeding has contraceptive effect, reduces the occurrence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and promotes the mental health of mothers.
Children are smart: the amino acids, unsaturated fats and taurine contained in breast milk are beneficial to the development of the baby's brain nervous system and make the baby smarter.
Economical and convenient: breast feeding directly, there is no possibility of infection and deterioration, and the use of bottle nipples reduces the chance of infection. Convenient, economical and suitable temperature, breastfeeding reduces the risk of obesity and chronic diseases in infants.
Second, exclusive breastfeeding.
Exclusive breastfeeding means that babies are not given any other liquid or solid food except breast milk (both prescription and vitamins prescribed by doctors can be fed). The best feeding method for babies born within 6 months is exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding does not need extra water, because the water content in breast milk accounts for 88% of the total, and the endogenous water produced by food metabolism can completely meet the baby's water demand.
Third, breastfeed for three mornings.
Early contact: After delivery, the skin contact between mother and baby should start within 1 hour after birth, and the contact time should not be less than 30 minutes;
Early sucking: early sucking refers to sucking the mother's breast within 1 hour after birth;
Early milk start: the first milk start time is within 1 hour after delivery;
Sucking reflex is a human instinct, which matures at 32~36 weeks of fetus and reaches its peak at 10~30 minutes after birth. Therefore, contact and early sucking within postpartum 1 hour can consolidate sucking reflex, rooting reflex and swallowing reflex, which is beneficial to the success of breastfeeding. At the same time, sucking can make the pituitary gland of parturient release oxytocin and prolactin. The former can enhance uterine contraction and reduce postpartum hemorrhage, while the latter can stimulate mammary vesicles, leading to early breast filling and lactation. Early lactation allows babies to eat colostrum, which is the first immunization after birth.
Fourth, breast-feeding on demand
When the baby is hungry or the mother feels that the milk is rising, she feeds, and there is no limit to the duration and interval of feeding. Feed 10~ 12 times a day. When the amount of milk increases, the baby's sleep time is gradually extended, and the law of natural feeding appears. With the increase of age, the interval between breastfeeding is gradually extended. When feeding, the breasts on both sides take turns, starting from one side first, and feeding again after the breast on that side is emptied. Every time you breastfeed, try to let your baby suck until you are satisfied, and let go of the nipple.
Fifth, the correct "breastfeeding posture"
1, mom is at ease;
2. The child's head and body are in a straight line;
3. The child's body is close to the mother and his face is facing the breast;
4, the nose is facing the nipple, and the lower jaw is close to the breast;
5. If it is a newborn, hold your hips, trunk, neck and head with your hands.
Correct posture of newborn:
1, the baby's mouth is wide open and his lower lip is everted.
2. The tongue is spoon-shaped around the breast;
3. The cheek bulge is round;
4. It can be seen that there are more areola above than below;
5. Suck slowly and deeply, with swallowing movements and sounds.
Six, breastfeeding precautions
Breast hygiene
Mother should wash her hands before feeding. During lactation, she should not scrub her nipples with soap or "disinfect" her nipples with alcohol. Doing so will wipe off the oily protective layer on the nipple, making the nipple skin dry and easy to be damaged and chapped. After feeding, squeeze a few drops of milk and apply it to the nipple to prevent chapped nipple.
Reference standard for evaluation of breast milk adequacy
When breastfeeding: when you hear swallowing sound, you can sleep quietly after breastfeeding;
Spirit: after the baby wakes up, his eyes are bright and his reaction is alert;
Excretion: The newborn urinates twice on the first day after birth. I peed three times the next day. Urinating more than 6 times a day after weaning means that the newborn is full.
Weight gain: The newborn gained more than 500 grams in the first 1 month after birth. After that, it will increase by about 750g per month.
Importance of colostrum
The milk within 7 days after delivery is colostrum, transitional milk after 7~ 10, and mature milk after 10. Compared with mature milk, colostrum is less in quantity, less in fat and more in protein. It is mainly antibody, and rich in β-carotene, vitamin A, taurine, growth factors and minerals, which can not only meet the needs of neonatal growth and development, but also reduce neonatal morbidity and jaundice.
Front milk and back milk
Breast milk is the milk secreted in the early stage of breast feeding, in which protein, vitamins, minerals and lactose are rich, and it looks light and thin. Post-breast milk is the milk secreted after breastfeeding for a period of time. It contains more fat and looks whiter and thicker. When feeding, you should eat one breast first, and then change the other breast, so that children can eat fat-rich post-milk and get comprehensive nutrition.
other
Breast-feeding mothers should pay attention to nutrition, adequate sleep, a happy mood, a regular life, and don't take medicine casually; When it is necessary to stop breastfeeding for various reasons, milk should be squeezed out regularly to avoid the decrease of milk quantity.
Seven, problems during breastfeeding
The breasts are too swollen and hard.
Because the milk is full, my mother will feel that her breasts are very hot, heavy and hard. In order to prevent breast swelling, the mother began to breastfeed on demand immediately after delivery; Don't feed your baby anything before breastfeeding; Ensure that the baby's sucking posture is correct; Let the baby suck the breast.
distending pain of breast
Breast duct obstruction, mastitis, breast abscess, etc. Can cause breast swelling and pain. Thick milk will block the mammary duct. If the blocked catheter or swollen breast is not sucked through, the breast tissue may be infected, causing mastitis. If not treated in time, it may develop into an abscess. Improve the baby's sucking posture; Ensure that the milk is sucked away by the baby; Suck more swollen breasts; At the same time, gently massage the lump on the breast to help empty the milk there; Take more rest and wear loose clothes.
Nipple pain
Incorrect sucking posture is a common cause of nipple pain.
If the mother feels uncomfortable during breastfeeding, improve the baby's sucking posture; Wash your breasts only once a day, don't use soap; After breastfeeding, wait for the baby to loosen the nipple; If the mother must leave, first gently put her hand in the baby's mouth to separate the sucking part; There is no limit to the length of breastfeeding.
Flat nipple
The length of the nipple is not important. Babies suck their breasts, not their nipples. So the extensibility of breast is more important than the length of nipple. In the late pregnancy and after breastfeeding, the nipple situation will improve. If the breasts are swollen, the mother should squeeze out the milk until the breasts become soft, which makes it easier for the baby to suck enough breasts. As long as the mother has patience and perseverance, breastfeeding can be successful.
Nipple leakage
Some mothers have enough milk, and there will be milk leakage in a few weeks after delivery. It is difficult to prevent milk leakage. After a few weeks, the breasts become soft and the milk no longer oozes.
Use a clean towel or breast pad to dry the milk in the clothes, change the towel or breast pad frequently and clean it thoroughly.
There is blood in the milk.
Some mothers find blood in her breast milk or baby's vomit, but her nipples are not cracked or painful. This situation is harmless, it will stop soon and you can continue breastfeeding.
Eight, infants and young children add complementary food.
After 6 months, the baby weighs 6.5~7 kg and can raise his head when sitting correctly. If not, it is not suitable for spoon feeding. Babies see adults eating, lean forward, drool, and even open their mouths; The baby cries frequently between feedings, and his weight gain is not good, indicating that breastfeeding alone can no longer meet his needs; The baby has formed a regular pattern of breastfeeding every day, and the interval between breastfeeding is about 3 to 4 hours.
The principle of adding food
The principle of food addition should be gradual, that is, from one to many, from a small amount to a large amount, from thin to thick, from fine to thick, light and greasy.
Modern nutrition concept of food addition
Diversification of food and provision of comprehensive nutrition;
Balance, to achieve the balance between dietary supply and physical needs; Proper amount. Intake of nutrients can not only meet the needs of the body, but also not endanger the health;
To maintain a healthy weight, 50% of the calories generated by daily diet are used to maintain basic metabolism, 20-30% for growth and development, 65,438+00-65,438+05% for exercise. Therefore, in addition to proper diet, we must also strengthen exercise and maintain a healthy weight.
The role of adding mushy food in time
Insufficient nutritional supplement of breast milk; The key period of learning to eat mushy food is 6 months, and learning to chew is 7-9 months. The process of food addition is also the key period of exercising gastrointestinal function. If the critical period is missed, even if adequate nutrition is provided, the child cannot give full play to the inhibited growth potential. Psychological needs, when learning to eat mushy food, the baby will reduce dependence on his mother and start psychological weaning, which is an important turning point for children's psychological maturity and independence.
Stimulating the demand of intelligence, contacting with new food can stimulate the development of various senses, and the feeling of adding new food will be transmitted to the central nervous system, forming rich neural pathways and promoting the development of brain and intelligence.
Meal addition time for infants of different months.
The age of the moon
Food addition principle
6 months
Mainly swallowing, plus one day 1 meal.
7~9 months
Mainly chewing, plus 2 meals a day.
10~ 12 months
Eat soft solid food, plus three meals a day.
The order of food addition for babies of different months.
The age of the moon
Food that can be added
6~7 months
Milk, rice flour, porridge, egg yolk paste, vegetable paste, fruit paste.
7~9 months
Milk, rice flour, thick porridge, rotten noodles, custard, vegetable paste, liver paste, fish paste, minced meat, tofu, dry bread, steamed bread slices, fruit slices.
10~ 12 months
Milk, soft rice, chopped vegetables, small pieces of meat, whole eggs, bean products, steamed bread, steamed buns, jiaozi, wonton and fruit.
1 year
Milk, soft rice, snacks
Matters needing attention in food addition
You can eat homemade, fresh and age-appropriate food specially prepared for children;
Pay attention to the appearance date, shelf life, preservation conditions and production batch number of the purchased food, especially whether it is in line with the age of the child;
Eat a few meals a day and add food regularly.
Feeding behavior guidance
Pay attention to the hunger message sent by the baby to avoid overfeeding. When you are six months old, if your baby refuses a bottle or spoon, or shuts up, stop feeding. At the age of eight or nine months, if the baby pushes the food away, don't feed it again;
If the baby is picky about food, you can mix different foods together, adjust the taste and cooking methods, and encourage children to eat;
If children are not interested in eating, they should pay attention to whether the dining environment distracts their attention and choose a clean and relatively fixed dining place;
Breastfeeding your child is a good time to communicate with your child. Pay attention to eye contact with children.
Suitable tableware, 6-month-old babies drink water from cups instead of bottles;
Give your baby a variety of foods, not just because you don't like a certain food, such as carrots.
Don't use food as a means to punish and reward your baby.
Cultivation of baby's eating habits
If the baby doesn't like a new food, parents should not give up. They can mix it with milk, porridge or rice noodles to feed the baby, or try it several times to make the baby get used to the taste of food gradually.
Don't add sugar, salt and spices to your baby's food.
The electrolyte contained in food in its natural state is enough for the baby. Adding salt to children's food 8 months ago will increase the burden on immature kidneys and make children develop a bad eating habit of "heavy mouth".
;