I am old, and people are old; Young people, young people, young people. . "Mencius? Hui Liang Wang Shang "
Those who love others will always love others; Respect people, people always respect Mencius? Under the rule of Li Lou. "
Love knows its evil, hate its good. Book of rites? Qu Li
Ceng Zi said, "I save three times a day-are you unfaithful to others?" Don't believe in making friends? Is it customary to preach? The Analects of Confucius? Learn to learn. "
It is upright and does not command; His body is not straight, although he disobeys.
Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. This is called a gentleman.
An upright man is open and poised while a petty man is anxious and worried.
Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. The ancient king accident, building the people, teaching first.
Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher.
In a threesome, there must be a teacher; Choose the good and follow it, change the bad.
A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know.
2. What are the most respected classic Confucian sentences or poems? 1. Don't say what you did, let bygones be bygones. -Confucius
Don't say what's done is done: don't say what's done is done.
2. see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, and don't do evil. -Confucius
People who don't conform to the etiquette rules can't see, hear, speak or move.
Do as you would be done by. No complaints in the state, no complaints at home. -Confucius
If you don't want to be treated like this, don't treat others like this yourself.
Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous. -Confucius
Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous.
5. The wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, and the brave are not afraid. -Confucius
Smart people will not doubt, kind people will not be sad, and brave people will not be afraid.
6. A gentleman's adult beauty is not an adult's evil. -Confucius
A gentleman achieves good things for others, not helps others to do bad things, while a villain does the opposite.
7. Clever words, generous laughter, small tolerance, generous laughter. -Confucius
Sweet words can corrupt virtue, small sufferings can achieve great things, and small things can't bear to ruin great things.
8. Strict righteousness is not good, and the unity of knowledge and action is not good. -Confucius
Everything is for justice, not personal interests.
9. If you don't know what others don't know, you don't know what people are. -Confucius
Don't worry that others don't know yourself, just worry that you don't know others.
10. I visit myself three times a day. -Confucius
I must reflect on myself with three things every day.
1 1. Five beauties of a gentleman: benefit without waste, merit without resentment, desire without greed, Thailand without arrogance, power without fierceness. -Confucius
A gentleman gives a favor to others and doesn't spend money himself; Serve the people, but the people have no resentment; Desire without greed; Calm but not proud; Majestic but not fierce.
12. A gentleman is Thai but not arrogant, and a villain is arrogant but not Thai. -Confucius
A gentleman is ambitious and strong-willed, but he can be calm, neither arrogant nor impetuous.
13. A gentleman cannot compare with others, and a villain cannot compare with others. -Confucius
Gentlemen unite but do not engage in gangs, while villains engage in gangs but do not unite.
14. Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, it is wisdom. -Confucius
Knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This is true wisdom.
15. Know silently and never tire of learning and never tire of teaching. -Confucius
What do I regret if I keep what I have learned in my heart silently, study hard but are not satisfied, and teach others without fatigue?
3. As for the famous sentence of Confucianism, the way of university is to be well-known, be close to the people and stop at perfection.
Rich, virtuous, broad-minded and obese, so a gentleman must be sincere.
A gentleman has himself, and then asks for others.
Everything is prepared, and if it is not prepared, it will be wasted.
The way of a gentleman is dark but Ri Zhang; However, the villain's way is dying out. Gentleman's way, light and tireless, simple and elegant, gentle and understanding, knowing far, knowing the wind and subtlety, can be combined with entering Germany.
Xi' an Xian Yi SE; Parents can do their best; Things can lead people; Keep your word to your friends. Although I haven't studied, I call it learning.
The use of ceremony is precious in harmony.
Rule by virtue is like Beichen, and there are many stars.
4. What are the Confucian classics in the Tang Dynasty?
Confucian classics mainly include thirteen classics. There are six Confucian classics, namely The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yili, Jing Yue, Zhouyi and Chunqiu. It is said that Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism", and Jing Yue was lost from then on.
On this basis, the Eastern Han Dynasty added The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety and The Seven Classics.
Zhou Li, Book of Rites, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Beam, Erya and Twelve Classics were added in the Tang Dynasty.
After the turmoil in Sui Dynasty, Emperor Taizong attached importance to ideological construction and began to improve the status of Confucius. In the second year of Zhenguan, Confucius Temple was built, and Confucius was respected as a saint, with Yan Hui as a teacher. In the fourth year of Zhenguan, all counties and counties in the country were ordered to build Confucius temples, and in the eleventh year of Zhenguan, Confucius was respected as the father, improving the status of Confucian scholars. Confucian classics are unified, Yan Shigu compiled the Five Classics, and Confucius compiled the Five Classics. Buddhism and Taoism prevailed until Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and others promoted the "ancient prose movement" and advocated Confucianism again, but it was impossible to save the decline of Confucianism.
In the mid-Tang Dynasty, it was popular to emphasize scholars over Confucianism, and to emphasize poetry over ancient prose. As a result, a large number of poems and legendary writers appeared, but they read more than ten Confucian classics, so they put forward the idea of reviving Confucianism, opposing parallel prose and advocating ancient prose in the "ancient prose movement" However, in the late Tang Dynasty, almost all emperors were secretly elected by eunuchs of the thirteenth house, without systematic prince education. Confucianism is more decadent.
5. The development of Confucianism and the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty. The above princesses are all deeply involved in politics. Besides them, several princesses also participated in politics, but they are not in the same breath. As recorded in Volume 208 of Zi Tongzhi Jian, during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong, "Princess Taiping, Changning, Anle, Yicheng, Xindu, Ding 'an and Jincheng opened their offices and set up official offices. "These princesses take an active part in politics. They buy houses like princes and engage in public political activities.
Second, although there were many princesses participating in politics in the Tang Dynasty, most of them were concentrated in the early Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, few princesses participated in politics.
(A) the differences in national strength between the early and late Tang Dynasty
In the early Tang Dynasty, He Qing Hai Yan was in a leading position in politics, economy and culture. The powerful comprehensive national strength gave the Tang people great self-confidence and pride. Under the influence of this mentality, the rulers thought it unnecessary to imprison people's physical and mental freedom, so they implemented a more open policy in all aspects. This policy extends to women's lives, giving them the opportunity to participate in the country's political system. However, with the outbreak of Anshi Rebellion, it brought people not only endless disasters in life, but also a strong sense of loss in the prosperous times and a loss of faith in the future and destiny of the country. That deep fear and helplessness made the rulers turn from early openness to introversion in internal affairs and diplomacy. Similarly, women's code of conduct has changed from loose to strict.
(B) changes in the educational system in the Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was a period of high level of cultural education in feudal society in China. With the decline of the gentry and the rise of the imperial examination system, education has also been widely developed and culture has been popularized. During this period, women also had more opportunities to receive cultural education, especially women with special status such as princesses. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty had a high cultural quality, so he paid more attention to the education of harem women. According to Zi Tong Zhi Jian (Volume 208), in order to improve the cultural quality of women in the harem, the imperial court created good reading conditions in the harem. At that time, there was an internal literature museum in the palace, which displayed books and collections of classics and history, so that people with literary talent in the palace could serve as bachelors and teach them how to learn books and calculate public skills. In addition, in Dezong, Xianzong, Mu Zong, Wenzong and other dynasties, there were a group of female bachelors and academic officials who served the harem to teach cultural knowledge such as rites and music. Song Ruoshen, a five-female bachelor, once taught culture to Princess Liugong and was honored as a "gentleman". In addition, in the early Tang Dynasty, Confucianism was at a relatively low ebb. After the Anshi Rebellion, the state power was weak, the rule was crumbling, and the concept of "Yi Xia" of the supreme ruler changed. Drawing lessons from the previous period of history, they began to adjust their policies in politics, economy, military affairs and culture by preaching Confucianism, which made the whole country permeated with an atmosphere of advocating Confucianism and etiquette. In this way, the education of women is no longer as simple as improving cultural quality, but using Confucian preaching to train them into political vassals who can better reflect the monarchical power and the husband's power.
Changes in the attitude of rulers
In the early Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozu gave Princess Pingyang a high honor and rewarded her behavior, which objectively encouraged her to participate in politics. "Later, I often called it' similar to me'" and often conspired with Princess Taiping to make it possible for Princess Taiping to participate in politics at close range. In addition, "after the martial arts, the chief service officer means that everything is pre-emptive, without exception." After a long period of contact, Taiping has an overall grasp of the operation of politics, creating favorable conditions for her future participation in politics. Only with Tang Zhongzong's encouragement did Princess Anle become more and more arrogant, so that there was a situation of "tasting the imperial edict and asking the emperor to do it before clamping", and Zhongzong's "the emperor laughs from it" also greatly inspired Princess Anle's political ambitions. In the late Tang Dynasty, in the face of political pressure, the rulers began to be strict with themselves and ordered the spoiled and unruly princesses to learn manners and observe women's morality. Xuanzong once wrote that "the first king made a gift, and the nobles * * *. Princess Wanshou should follow the scholar's law when serving her aunt. " When Princess Wanshou visited Xuanzong, she earnestly taught, "No husband's family, no current affairs." He also said: "The disaster of peace and happiness must stop!" The princess is cautious about participating in politics, and the court women's participation in politics is strictly restricted.
In addition, in the late Tang Dynasty, eunuchs began to monopolize power, which was also a reason for the decline in the number of princesses participating in politics. But in any case, the princesses in the Tang Dynasty still attract people's attention because of their different characteristics from other dynasties. Their active participation in politics adds an unusual color to the politics of male patents.
6. Please cite specific poets in the Tang Dynasty and his poems, and talk about Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Wang Wei was honored as "Shi Fo" by later generations only because of his artistic conception of landscape poems, such as "Chai Lu" and "The empty mountain seems empty, but I feel that I hear a voice".
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. "Some of Meng Haoran's poems have a strong Taoist taste, showing admiration for immortals. For example, it is mentioned in "Taoist Clouds in the Mountains" that "things tend to be good, and my way is expensive and quiet.
The western hills are dry and there is no one outside. When will Qingxi be returned, and the elixir will be refined for two hours? "Boating in Wuling has the heart of seclusion." Wulingchuan road is narrow, with flowers in front.
In the unpredictable source, the fairy family is convinced. Han Yu is regarded as a master of Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty. He devoted himself to reviving Confucianism, advocating the movement of ancient prose, and striving for Buddhism and Taoism. He was once demoted for opposing Tang Xianzong's welcoming Buddha bones.
Han Yu's poems dare to expose social reality and long for benevolent government. For example, going back to Pengcheng reflects that when the current situation is turbulent, the people are in dire straits. "The world is in turmoil, when can peace be achieved?" . Who is the son of a fool? Nothing is lost.
There was a drought in Guanzhong the year before last, and many wells starved to death. Last year, Dong Jun was in the water, and people were born like corpses. "