Nie Er (formerly known as Nie Shouxin, 19 14, February 2002-1July 935, 17), a musician in China, once composed the Chinese national anthem Zi Yi Qu and March of the Volunteers.
Brief introduction to life
Nie Er is a native of Yuxi, Yunnan, and was born in Kunming. Nie er loved music since he was a child. 19 18 studied in Kunming Normal Primary School. In his spare time, Nie Er taught himself flute, erhu, Sanxian and Qin Yue, and began to be the conductor of the school's "Children's Band". 1922 Nie Er entered the senior grade of private Qiushi Primary School, 1925 was admitted to the First United Middle School of Yunnan Province.
1927 Nie Er graduated from the First United Middle School of Yunnan Province and entered the First Normal School of Yunnan Province. At school, I participated in the "Reading Club" organized by students, organized the "Jiujiu Music Club" with friends, and often participated in performances inside and outside the school. During this period, he also taught himself the violin and piano.
1931April, Nie Er was admitted to "Yue Ming Song and Dance Drama Club" hosted by Li Jinhui as a violinist. 1932 published "On China's Song and Dance" in July, and was forced to quit the league because of criticizing Li. 1932 1 1 Join Lianhua Film Company, participate in the "Friends of the Soviet Union" music group, organize the "China Emerging Music Research Association" and participate in the music group of the Left-wing Dramatists Union. 1933, Nie Er joined China * * * Production Party.
1In April, 934, Nie Er joined EMI Records Company to take charge of the music department and set up EMI Band (also known as Sensen Band). This is also Nie Er's most fruitful year. At the beginning of 1935, Nie Er created the famous March of the Volunteers.
1935 1 Nie Er is the director of the music department of Lotus No.2 Factory. On July 1935, Nie Er, who was only 23 years old, drowned while swimming in Fujisawa, Japan.
■ He is a talented musician and a revolutionary. It is because of the latter that the former can be brilliant.
"The text carries the Tao, the poem expresses the ambition, and the joy is the heart." Nie Er himself, and even his great works, were created in the specific era when the nation was in danger. Those powerful notes were also the voices of people in the environment at that time. The storm of Japan's invasion of China and the domestic anti-Japanese mass movement aroused his surging emotions, and music and revolution were combined from then on. 1932, ten days after the "December 28th Incident" broke out in Shanghai, that is, on February 7th, Nie Er put forward "How to make revolutionary music" for the first time in his diary. At that time, it was in the environment where guns were rumbling outside and refugees were running around crying. Nie Er is a talented musician and a revolutionary. It is precisely because of the latter that the former can be brilliant. A series of his works, especially March of the Volunteers, are the products of the people's revolution led by the Communist Party of China.
When March of the Volunteers first sounded on the screen, it happened that Nie Er died, but this song, as the horn of the national revolution, resounded through the land of China and enjoyed a world-renowned reputation. In the anti-fascist war, this song was often played by radio stations in Britain, the United States, India and many other countries. On the eve of the end of the war, the State Council also approved its inclusion in Song of Victory and Triumph of Allied Forces. When collecting the national anthem on the eve of the founding of New China, Zhou Enlai proposed to use this song, which was unanimously adopted at the New Deal meeting. In founding ceremony in 1949 and the National Day every year thereafter, Nie Er's music was played with great momentum, which was enough to comfort the spirits who died in a foreign country.
■ My music career is only two years, but I have created many songs that have influenced me for decades.
■ When I was in Beiping, I was too poor to buy cotton-padded clothes, but at the end of autumn, I used limited money to go deep into Tianqiao and other places to collect information on northern folk music and listen to the roar of selling my voice and martial arts; He worked hard in Shanghai for a year and bought a cheap violin he dreamed of.
Although Nie Er's career in music creation lasted only two years from 1933 to 1935, he has composed Song of the Road, Song of the Dockers, Pioneers, New Women, Graduation Song, Selling Newspaper Songs, Singing Girl under the Iron Hood and so on for decades. Apart from his personal genius, the most important thing about these brilliant achievements is that he went deep into the bottom of social life. He concluded in his diary of1June 3, 933: "Music, like other arts, poems, novels and dramas, is replacing public outcry, and the public will inevitably demand new contents and expressions of music and a new attitude of composers."
Nie Er, who was born in poverty, has deep feelings for the working people and looks down on those who indulge in the "ivory tower" and serve a few people. When he was in Peiping, he was too poor to buy cotton-padded clothes, but in late autumn, he used limited money to go deep into slums, overpasses and other places to collect information on northern folk music, and listened to the roar of selling his voice and martial arts in an environment full of proletarian sweat of workers, drivers and hooligans, from which he learned their heart melody of "life struggle". In Shanghai, he often experienced the hardships of women workers getting along day and night, thus creating "new women". Nie Er also made friends with the little newsboy and asked questions every day. It was in this environment that Nie Er recited the famous Song of the Newspaper.
Nie er has no decent creative conditions. After staying in Shanghai for a year, he worked hard to accumulate before he bought the cheap violin he had dreamed of for many years. The studio where he lives is hot in Leng Xia in winter, and it costs only 6 yuan to perform in Beijing for four days. This not only made him hate the cruelty of capitalist bosses' exploitation from the bottom of his heart, but also constantly shouted the people's desire for liberation in his works.
■ Tian Han hurriedly wrote March of the Volunteers on cigarette wrapping paper, Nie Er made the first draft in China, and finally composed music in enemy-occupied areas.
In the mid-1930s, after the Japanese invaders invaded Northeast China, they extended their iron hoofs to North China, but the reactionary and decadent forces in China were still intoxicated. Society is full of "taohuajiang", "Mao Mao Rain" and "Sister, I love you". Tian Han, a writer born in party member, found Nie Er and thought that "singing decadent songs, if this goes on, people will become conquered people". They agreed to write a song to beat "taohuajiang is a Beautiful Place". Two people studied The Internationale, La Marseillaise and The Music of the Boatman, and they found it very imposing and could learn from it. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/935, Tian Han adapted the film "The Son of the Storm" and wrote a theme song-March of the Volunteers. When he found that the Kuomintang spy was following him, he hurriedly wrote the lyrics on a small cigarette wrapping paper and was taken to prison.
Xia Yan got the script left by Tian Han and found the cigarette case with lyrics. Soon, Nie Er came to Xia Yan. When he heard about it, he offered: "Give me the composition and I'll do it!" Nie Er wrote the first draft in two days in a rage according to the idea put forward by Tian Han, and then went to Japan to avoid being hunted. There, on the one hand, he was warmly received by friendly people, on the other hand, he saw militarists clamoring for "expanding interests" and sharpening their swords. Nie Er inspired his creative inspiration, and soon sent the final version of the song back to China, making his melody more lofty and magnificent.
Main work
Nie Er composed 37 pieces of music in his life, all in less than two years before his death, among which songs reflecting the life and struggle of the working class accounted for a large proportion. Nie Er often cooperates with Tian Han. In addition to March of the Volunteers, Nie Er's masterpieces include Graduation Song, Forward Song, Lu Ge, Pioneer, Dock Worker Song, New Woman, Flying Flower Song, Village Girl beyond the Great Wall, Singing Girl under the Iron Hood, Farewell to Nanyang, Mei Niang Song and Newspaper Selling Song.
Nie er's epitaph
1954, the Yunnan provincial people's government decided to rebuild Nie Er's tomb and asked Guo Moruo to write the tombstone and epitaph. In February this year, Guo Moruo wrote a book entitled "The Tomb of People's Musician Nie Er" and an epitaph:
Comrade Nie Er is the clarion call of China revolution and the voice of people's liberation. March of the Volunteers, composed by him, was chosen to replace the national anthem. People who hear his voice are full of patriotic thoughts, solemn and ambitious, and resolutely interested in * * *. Nie Erhu, majestic, with the nation, immortal! Comrade Nie Er, a producer party in party member and China, was born in Kunming with beautiful scenery on February 14th, 1912 and drowned on July 17th, 1935 at the age of 24. It's a pity to die in an enemy country. The reason why he drowned is still unclear!
Today's Nie Er Tomb was relocated in the early 1980s. The epitaph inscribed in Guo Moruo's book on the left screen wall of the cemetery has also been deleted. "It's a pity that I died in an enemy country. It's a pity." The reason why it drowned is still unclear! "In that case. What is the reason?
Nie Er drowned in 1935, when the Japanese army invaded China gradually. After the news of Nie Er's death came back to China, many patriots and cultural figures deeply regretted the loss of such a musical genius, and wrote articles in dozens of newspapers, such as Morning Post, Dentsu, China Daily, New Music Monthly and Ta Kung Pao, to commemorate this pioneer soldier who sounded the alarm at the most critical time of the Chinese nation. Guo Moruo also wrote a poem mourning Nie Er.
1February, 954, when Guo Moruo wrote an inscription and epitaph for Nie Er, China and Japan had no diplomatic contacts and still regarded each other as "enemy countries". Therefore, Guo Moruo said in his epitaph: "It's a pity to die in an enemy country, it's a pity." . The reason why it drowned is still unclear! "The language.
Nine months after Guo Moruo wrote the epitaph, 1 65438+1October1day, the Japanese set up a monument to Nie Er near the death site of Nie Er on the Kunuma coast of Fujisawa City. 1963, with the folk trade between China and Japan, the Japanese people rebuilt the granite monument in the shape of "ear". Japanese dramatist Ke Yu Akita wrote an inscription introducing Nie Er's life and asked Guo Moruo to write a monument. Guo Moruo wrote six characters in the book: "The Land where Nie Er will End".
1972, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan. 1980 In May, officials from Fujisawa City, Japan, where Nie Er was martyred, planted Rhododendron, a famous flower in Yunnan, and Brawly, a flower of Fujisawa City, in Kunming to express their nostalgia for Nie Er, and hoped that the two cities would establish sister cities with Nie Er as a link. In response to the enthusiasm of the Japanese, the governments of Yunnan Province and Kunming decided to relocate Nie Er's tomb. The tombstone is also engraved with Guo Moruo's words. At the beginning of 1982, the Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Culture reported this idea to the Ministry of Culture for approval. Finally, after approval, the epitaph will continue to be used, but before re-carving the tombstone, the last two sentences should be erased with cement, and the color should be as consistent as possible with the original stone tablet.
According to the instructions of the Ministry of Culture, the Kunming Municipal People's Government re-engraved Guo Moruo's epitaph on the left screen wall of the cemetery and deleted the last two sentences.
Tian Han (1March, 89812-1February, 968 10), whose real name was Shou Chang, used to be Bochum, Bochum, Bochum, Bochum and Hanxian. Drama writer, drama writer, screenplay writer, novelist, poet, lyric writer, literary critic, social activist, and leader of literary and artistic work. The founder of China's modern drama. People from Changsha, Hunan.
all one's life
Versatile, literary, etc. He studied in Japan in his early years, and began drama activities in the1920s. He wrote many famous dramas and successfully adapted some traditional operas. 1930, join the China * * * production party.
After 1949, Tian Han served as the director of the Opera Improvement Bureau and the Art Bureau of the Ministry of Culture. Persecuted to death during the Cultural Revolution. 1in April, 979, a grand memorial meeting was held in Beijing.
achievement
Tian Han has been engaged in literature and art all his life, creating more than 60 plays and operas, more than 20 movie scripts, 24 opera scripts, nearly 2,000 lyrics and new and old poems. Among them, March of the Volunteers was designated as the national anthem of the people of China after Nie Er composed music. Masterpieces of modern drama include Tiger Catching Night, Death of a Famous Officer, Chaos of the Bell, Song of Rejuvenation, Two Ways, and Guan Hanqing? %A