Loyalty and filial piety, that is, loyalty to the monarch, obedience and service to parents, have been the basic principles of standing and acting since ancient times, and this book is bound to pay attention to them. Therefore, I would rather die than surrender, and the old Lord will be martyred, and I will be praised. Filial piety is the foundation of strengthening the family. Here are a few words that promote filial piety in many ways, and even say that it has infinite appeal. It can not only touch the stubborn Lord, but also shock the ghosts and gods. In the dark, one good deed deserves another, so that the dutiful son can be rewarded with "pure filial piety". The book also points out that filial piety and other virtues complement each other. For example, Article 38 says that Fan Xuan knew how to be filial when he was a child, and when he grew up, he was "honest and clean" and his conduct was commendable. Filial piety is inseparable from respecting the elderly and loving the virtuous. Respecting the elderly is also a virtue appreciated by the ancients. On the 33 rd, the story of Xie An borrowing the old when he was a child was recorded. As for respecting the virtuous, it is involved in several articles.
The article also emphasizes the importance of self-cultivation. Don't be pretentious, be modest and prudent everywhere; You should be calm, emotions are invisible; Not afraid of making mistakes, knowing that it is necessary to change is virtuous; Life should be frugal, you can't spend things indiscriminately, and even the fallen rice grains should be picked up and eaten; Being an official must be honest and upright, and you can't rely on fame and fortune. Maintain noble sentiment, pursue noble cause, and take it as our responsibility to carry forward the education of famous schools. In the relationship with people, we advocate being cautious and kind to others, and don't praise or criticize people easily; We must value people over things, be generous, and be loyal to our parents; And gratitude, sharing weal and woe, and so on. This is even more worthy of recognition. Some of its ideas are inseparable from the dark rule of the feudal dynasty. For example, 15 records Ruan Ji's Never Ignore a Person. No. 16 records that Ji Kang is "never seen its warm-hearted color". All this revealed the horror of Sima's rule at that time.
The unique moral concept of each era determines people's words and deeds and dominates people's choice of people, things and things. For example, people think that hermits are lofty and do not regard seclusion as an escape from reality, so hermits become noble celebrities and are respected. For another example, it is emphasized that being a man should be broad-minded, open and tolerant, and "like a million defeats". Although unfathomable, it is also respected. In addition, some practices that do not conform to the etiquette system are also opposed, and opposing this practice is also a manifestation of maintaining morality. For example, article 35 opposes immorality and excessive sacrifice; No.39 thinks divorce is a fault; The 23rd is against debauchery and so on.
hermit
There are also some things that have little to do with virtue. For example, it is recorded that everyone manages the family in different ways, and all roads lead to the same goal; Redeem the torturer and use it as an official.
Moral behavior is produced to meet the requirements of society and the ruling class, and it will change with the development of society. The May Fourth Movement has put forward the slogan of opposing old morality and advocating new morality, which is easier to understand today. We can't take the praise or depreciation of the ancients as praise or depreciation. Of course, while opposing some stale morality, we should also admit that some correct moral concepts and fine moral traditions in history are still worth inheriting and carrying forward.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is the representative work of Liu Yiqing (403-444) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was the nephew of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi and was named King Linchuan. He is "pure in nature, lacking in lust and loving literature and meaning." ..... gather the scribes, from near to far "(Biography of Liu Shu's Taoist Rules in Song Dynasty with Biography of Liu Yiqing). Judging from the contents of this book, there is no unified thought in the book, including Confucianism, Laozi and Zhuangzi, and Buddhism. It may have been written by many people, and the literary scholars recruited by Liu Yiqing may have participated in its compilation.
According to its content, Shi Shuo Xin Yu is divided into 36 categories, such as morality, language, politics, literature and religion. Each category contains several stories, including 1200 books. Each book has a different length, some lines and some words. This shows the appeal and characteristics of note novels. Its content mainly records the words and deeds and anecdotes of some celebrities from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin and Song Dynasties. The characters in the book are all real people in history, but some of their remarks or stories are hearsay and do not conform to historical facts. A considerable part of this book is a miscellaneous collection of various books. For example, the stories of individual characters in the Western Han Dynasty, such as Guizhen and Yuan Xian, were collected from Historical Records and Hanshu. Other parts are also collected from previous records. The stories of some characters in Jin and Song Dynasties, such as the dialogue between Xie Lingyun and Kong Chunzhi in Speech, may be taken from rumors at that time because these characters are contemporary with Liu Yiqing. Called "the textbook of celebrities" by Mr. Lu Xun.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu mainly describes the life and thoughts of scholars and the ruling class, reflecting the ideological deeds of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the life of the upper class, and the records are quite rich and true. This description helps readers to understand the era and political and social environment in which the scholars lived at that time, and let us clearly see the so-called "Wei-Jin demeanor". It mainly describes the life of literati from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In addition, Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a literary technique of comparison, metaphor, exaggeration and description, which not only retains many well-known words, but also adds infinite glory to the book. At present, Shi Shuo Xin Yu not only has the value of literary appreciation, but also the characters' deeds and literary allusions are quoted by later writers, which has a great influence on later notes. The words in Shi Shuo Xin Yu are generally plain prose, sometimes spoken, and meaningful. It is also quite distinctive in the articles of Jin and Song Dynasties, so it has always been loved by people, and many stories have become common allusions in poetry.