The function of government intervention is a political design made by macroeconomics represented by Keynesianism. There are two main reasons for the emergence of this government function model: first, the end of free capitalism and the emergence of monopoly markets have made the market lose its ability of self-regulation, making the scope of economic crisis wider and wider, the cycle shorter and shorter, and the scale larger and larger, forcing the government to change from maintaining the market economic environment and order to maintaining the order of the market itself, thus beginning to intervene in the market; Second, the bourgeoisie began to get out of the early utopian "state" and treat its class ideals more realistically, if human rights and freedom were the "infinite principles" of the whole period of free capitalism. Then it became the "limited principle" in the 20th century, and people accepted the government's intervention in the market according to this "limited principle".

As early as the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, the governments of some major western developed countries began to establish a series of anti-monopoly legislation and started the experiment of government intervention in the economy. At the same time, some theories have also appeared, arguing that the government should play the role of "picking up what is missing" in the market. In other words, the government will not care what the spontaneous market can do, and the government will take care of what the market can't do. This is a principle that market regulation is the mainstay, supplemented by government intervention. However, the change of this method is obvious. In the persistent economic crisis at the beginning of this century, it is imperative for the government to strengthen its intervention, and at the same time, Keynesianism came into being.

1936, Keynes published the book General Theory of Employment Interest and Money, which provided a comprehensive theoretical basis for government intervention in the market. In Keynes's view, only relying on the spontaneous regulation of market mechanism is not enough to raise effective demand to the level of full employment. However, this "lack of capacity" of the market mechanism can be made up by the government, that is, by expanding government expenditure, reducing taxes and expanding money. Nominally compensation. In fact, when the government took these measures, it was already deeply involved in the market and intervened in the market. Keynes believed that when the government takes these measures to intervene in the market, it can always stimulate the increase of output and employment until it reaches full employment, and it will not bring inflation.

Keynesian "government intervention theory" is described as "visible hand" and Adam? 6? 1 Smith's theory is the opposite. The theory of Keynesianism has achieved extraordinary success in practice, and the United States took the lead in putting this theory into practice. The so-called "Roosevelt's New Deal" is a prelude to the intervention of the whole western government. After World War II, all developed capitalist countries adopted various means to implement macro-control, used various economic policies such as interest rate, exchange rate and tax rate to regulate demand and employment in various fields such as finance, taxation, finance and foreign trade, and used expansion or contraction policies to curb economic crisis and promote economic development at the macro level. The most obvious features of this kind of government intervention are "nationalization" and "economic planning". Moreover, this kind of intervention made the western developed countries never have the Great Depression of the 1930s again, and created the miracle of rapid economic development in the 1950s and 1960s. The deformation of government intervention is an "absolute intervention" model. In fascist countries, the government's intervention in economic life has been absolute, and the market monopoly has evolved into a state monopoly, thus completely destroying the market economy, which is actually beyond the scope of "government intervention". "Absolute intervention" is the malignant expansion of government power expansion. Once this kind of intervention is consolidated in a country, it is not satisfied with the shackles of national boundaries, but requires breaking through national boundaries and continuing to expand. Therefore, "absolute intervention" becomes a threat to the capitalist world itself. So the capitalist world also needs to remove this "cancer".

Judging from the development of interventionist government function model, because this model is based on the premise of "market failure", when the market obtains new norms and produces new self-regulation ability under the intervention of the government, it will require reducing government intervention, or even letting the government withdraw from the market and stop intervening. In 1970s, the so-called "stagflation" appeared in the economic development of western countries, which was attributed to the "failure" of government intervention. At the same time, a "neo-liberalism" trend of thought that negates Keynesianism became popular and was quickly reflected in practice. For example, Thatcher's "privatization" movement in Britain and the so-called "Reagan Revolution" in the United States all reflect the trend of reducing or even withdrawing government intervention. It can be seen that whether the intervention-oriented government function model needs intervention depends entirely on the market, and the government should play the role of "coming and leaving". In the middle and late 1980s, neo-liberalism began to receive a cold reception in western countries, and "Thatcherism" and "Reagan Doctrine" were also questioned, and the government once again increased its intervention in the market. Especially in the United States, Clinton got the White House pass under the slogan that the government should not only intervene more, but also intervene better. Therefore, the model of intervention government function will always wander between "intervention" and "non-intervention". Every intervention, every withdrawal, is an action taken when there is a serious problem, and a choice made in the process of paying the price.

Fourth, the guiding government function model.

Guiding government function model is a brand-new government function model, which is different from both protective government function model and intervention government function model. At the same time, the guiding government function model is the comprehensive unity of the latter two.

If the protective government function model believes in the existence of objective economic laws in the market, then the guiding government function model also believes in the existence of this law, and requires to understand and grasp this law and use this law to guide economic development, which is very different from the free adjustment of market laws in the protective government function model.

The similarity between the guiding government function model and the intervening government function model lies in that they both intervene in the market operation and the economy, both of which are manifested in macro-control measures. However, as mentioned above, the western intervention mode only chooses to intervene or not to intervene when problems in economic life have emerged. For this model, there is no need to talk about economic laws, to understand and master economic laws, and to apply them. Whether the government chooses to intervene or not, it should focus on some "empirical" methods to make them play a role in solving practical problems.

The oriented government function model opposes the choice between the laissez-faire of the market and the strong intervention of the government. It requires the establishment of a stable relationship between the government and the market, so that the position and role of the government are relatively certain. What the government should and shouldn't do is fixed in the form of laws and regulations, and the boundaries of government behavior are clear and never change with time. In a word, the guiding government function model is a very stable model with scientific basis.

Guiding government function model is the choice made by newly industrialized countries and regions in Asia in the process of economic take-off. For these countries and regions, when they enter the market-oriented period, the western countries have entered the developed stage. If the market economy is allowed to develop naturally, it will be impacted and restricted by developed countries in the international market. Because these emerging countries and regions are at the disadvantage of extreme disparity in strength in the competition with western developed countries, the government has neither the ability to simply play a protective role, nor the conditions and necessity to intervene in the market. Because the market in the strict sense is immature and there is no market failure, these countries and regions cannot find their own basis for positioning government functions from the development history of market economy in western countries. In the process of marketization, the governments of newly industrialized countries and regions are faced with the following tasks: first, due to the lack of capital necessary for economic development, they must open to the outside world and seek the support of foreign capital, which requires the construction of a good investment environment, which must be provided by the government; Second, economic development is based on a good order, so the government must establish and maintain a stable political order and economic order; Third, when a large amount of foreign capital flows in, it is necessary to set up "state-owned" capital in the country or the region in order not to make it a unified country with foreign capital and have unexpected consequences; Fourth, with the influx of foreign capital and the opening of the market, there is also a large influx of overseas goods, and the government must act as an umbrella for capital and goods in its own country or region; Fifth, in order to rapidly improve the competitiveness of national industries in the international market, we must give support. For these reasons, the governments of newly industrialized countries and regions should not only provide protection for economic development, but also intervene appropriately. This kind of protection and intervention is different from those used in developed countries in form and content, and it is a new type of protection and intervention. This organic combination of protection and intervention is manifested in the emergence of a new government function model-"guided government function model". Therefore, in the newly industrialized countries and regions in Asia, macro-economic development plans are formulated to varying degrees, and economic development is often promoted through industrial planning or even industry planning and guidance to individual enterprises.

The special historical conditions of marketization in newly industrialized countries and regions determine that they must catch up with the course that developed countries have gone through for hundreds of years in a very short time, so we must fully understand the law of market economy development and make full use of this law to promote economic development. Therefore, government functions must fully reflect their initiative and initiative, and always stand at the forefront of economic development to guide them.

But if this kind of guidance is always on the right path, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific nature of guidance. Generally speaking, the government guidance of newly industrialized countries and regions in Asia is successful. Although there has been a "financial storm" in Southeast Asia recently, it is only a mistake in the process of guiding, or a reflection of the immature mode of guiding government functions. Since Thailand, the "financial crisis" has produced a domino effect in Southeast Asia, Japan and South Korea. Rational reflection makes us realize that this crisis is precisely the lack of theoretical understanding of the guiding government function model, the failure to make good use of the guiding government function model, and the creation of a "bubble economy" that violates economic laws under the impetus of quick success and instant benefit. As a result, the unconsciously constructed guiding government function model was abandoned, and the economic miracle created by this government function model was dusted off.

In a word, the characteristic of the guiding government function model is that it can not only ensure the independence and autonomy of the society, but also give full play to the coordination and control of the government as the overall interest of the society. Under this model, the government and society are mutually constrained, cooperative, independent and interdependent.

In the process of reform and opening-up, China also chose the guiding government function model. Although the theoretical circles wrongly put forward the so-called model of "weakening" or "strengthening" government functions according to the experience of western countries, it did not have much influence on the formation of China's guiding government function model in practice, which was determined by the objective conditions of establishing a socialist market economy in China. Facts have proved that China's guiding government function model has made great achievements in the socialist market economy. At present, the task is to improve this guiding government function model through political system reform, government operation mechanism reform, government operation mechanism reform and institutional reform.