As a symbol of London and Britain, Big Ben is huge and gorgeous, weighing 13.5 tons, and its four clock faces cover an area of about two square meters. Big Ben began to tell the time for the City of London at 1859. It has been nearly a century and a half, although it was cracked twice during this period and was resurrected. Now the bell of Big Ben is still clear and beautiful.
Located at the south end of Westminster Bridge, it is connected with the Houses of Parliament and is a traditional landmark in London. You can get off at Westminster station by subway.
Eiffel towel
The Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour Eiffel) is a symbol of modern Paris. It was built in 1889 and is located in the Ares Square in Paris, France, with a height of 320 meters. The Eiffel Tower is named after its designer, bridge engineer gustave eiffel. The design of the iron tower is bizarre and unique, and it is a technical masterpiece in the history of world architecture, so it has become an important attraction and prominent symbol in France and Paris.
The Eiffel Tower is located in the west of Paris, near the left bank of the Seine. The tower was built in 1889 to celebrate the 0/00th anniversary of the French Revolution/kloc-0 and welcome the Paris World Expo. The Eiffel Tower is divided into three floors. There are 17 1 1 steps from the tower foundation to the tower top, and platforms are built at 57m,115m and 276m from the ground respectively. It is said that this tower is made up of 7000 tons of steel, 12000 metal parts and 2.5 million rivets.
On May 1889 and 15, in order to cut the ribbon for the opening ceremony of the World Expo, Gustav Eiffel, the designer of the tower, personally raised the French flag 300 meters above the tower. Therefore, in order to commemorate his contribution to France and Paris, a bronze bust was specially built for him under the tower.
Until June 65438+10/October 65438+June 2004, in order to bid for the 20 12 Summer Olympic Games, the Paris municipal government of France specially introduced its preparations for bidding for the Olympic Games on the Eiffel Tower, which became a "natural advertisement" for France's bid for the Olympic Games.
The Colosseum The Colosseum of Death in Rome.
Colosseum, also translated as Colosseum, Colosseum, Colosseum and Colosseum, was originally named Flavium amphiaterum. Located in the center of Rome, Italy, it is the largest amphitheater in ancient Rome. It was built between 72 and 82 AD, and now only remains.
The Arena was built by the order of Emperor Wei Pa-Mi, during the reign of his son Titus Flavius Domitianus. It is one of the landmark buildings of the ancient Roman Empire. The Colosseum was built on the site of another Roman emperor, Nero's "Golden Temple", which was destroyed in the Roman fire in 64 AD. The Colosseum was the place where ancient Rome held performances of man and beast. The gladiators involved have to fight an animal until one of them dies, and there are also fights between people. According to the records of the Roman historian Dio cassius cassius longinus, when the Colosseum was completed, the Romans held 65,438+000 days of celebrations and slaughtered 9,000 livestock.
The Colosseum, a form of architecture, originated from the theaters in ancient Greece. At that time, the theaters were all built in a semicircle on the hillside, and the audience rose layer by layer on the hillside. But in ancient Rome, people began to use the arch ticket structure to erect the auditorium and connect two semi-circular theaters, thus forming the so-called amphitheater, which no longer needs to be built by the mountain. The Colosseum is the largest oval arena in the Roman Empire. Its major axis is187m, its minor axis is155m, and its circumference is 527m. The center is the performance area, with a major axis of 86 meters and a minor axis of 54 meters. The ground is covered with floors, and the stands are surrounded by layers. There are about 60 rows of stands, divided into five areas. The first row at the bottom is the VIP area (such as elders, officials, priests, etc. ), the second floor is the aristocratic area, the third area is the rich area, the fourth area is the ordinary citizen area, and the last area is the bottom female area, all of which are standing seats. There is also a canopy hanging by a suspension rope in the audience to shade the sun; Moreover, the canopy is inclined to the middle, which is convenient for ventilation. These canopies are controlled like sails by sailors standing at the top of the colonnade.
The stands of the Colosseum are supported by three concrete cylindrical arches, with 80 arches on each floor, forming three circular coupon corridors with different heights (that is, corridors supported by arch coupons), and the top floor is a solid wall with a height of 50 meters. The stands retreated step by step, forming a stepped slope. 80 arches on each floor form 80 openings, and the top two floors have 80 openings. When the audience enters, they will first find out which bottom arch they should enter according to the number of seats, then find their own area along the stairs and finally find their own seats. The entire Colosseum can accommodate up to 50,000 people, but due to the thoughtful design of the entrance, there will be no crowding and chaos. This entrance design is still in use even in today's large stadiums.
There are many holes and pipes hidden under the Colosseum performance area, where props, livestock and gladiators can be stored and hoisted to the ground at the beginning of the performance. The Colosseum can even use water pipes to divert water. In 248 AD, water was introduced into the performance area of the Colosseum, forming a lake, performing naval battles and celebrating the founding of Rome 1000.
In 2 17 AD, the Colosseum was partially destroyed by lightning, but it recovered quickly in 238, and the fighting performance between people and animals or between people continued. Such activities were not completely banned until 523 AD. Two strong earthquakes in 442 and 508 AD caused serious damage to the Colosseum structure itself. In the Middle Ages, the buildings were not protected at all, so the damage was further aggravated, and later they were simply used as bunkers. In the15th century, in order to build the church and the Privy Council, the Vatican actually demolished some stones in the Colosseum. 1749, the Vatican declared it a holy place and protected it on the grounds that Christians died here in their early years. Pope John Paul II held a ceremony here every year to commemorate these martyrs before his death, but there is no historical evidence that Christians did die here.
Statue of Liberty (located in new york, USA)
The cultural heritage of the United States and the Statue of Liberty, 1984, is included in the World Heritage List.
The steel skeleton of the Statue of Liberty was designed by Eiffel, who designed the Paris Tower, and the statue was designed by the French sculptor Villepo Duke and completed in Paris. The French government presented this statue commemorating freedom to the United States as a gift to celebrate the100th anniversary of American independence. Since the completion of 1886, it has been standing at the entrance of new york Port.
As a symbol of America, the Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island, a small island west of Manhattan, New York, USA. Holding the torch, she stood at the entrance of new york Harbor, watching the metropolis day and night, and welcoming the millions of immigrants who have settled in the United States since the end of 19. 1984 was included in the World Heritage List.
The Statue of Liberty is a gift from the French people to the American people and a symbol of freedom. The Statue of Liberty is 46 meters high, and the total height of the pedestal is about 100 meters. It was the tallest memorial building in the world at that time. Its full name is "Statue of Liberty National Monument", and its official name is "Statue of Liberty that shines the world". The whole bronze statue is made of 65,438+020 tons of steel with 80 tons of copper as the outer skin. The total weight of the steel bracket inside the bronze statue is 225 tons, which was designed and manufactured by architect Vereboduk and French engineer Eiffel, who is famous for building the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
The goddess, with tight lips, a radiant crown, a loose Roman robe, a torch several meters long symbolizing freedom in her right hand, and a copper coin with the date of the American Declaration of Independence engraved in Roman numerals-A.D.1July 4, 776. Broken chains were scattered on her feet, and her right heel was lifted to March. On the whole, she is an image of a rebel who breaks free from shackles and goes forward bravely. Goddess is noble. And its dignified and plump posture is like an ancient Greek beauty, which makes people feel kind and natural. When dusk falls, the light on the pedestal of the statue shines upward, reflecting a light blue jade carving of the Statue of Goddess. The light from the window of the goddess' crown seems to be a string of golden light on the goddess' head, adding a spectacular night scene to the bustling metropolis. French sculptor Bater Dee created this masterpiece. The image of the goddess originated from an exciting scene he witnessed at the age of 65,438+07: in 65,438+08,565,438+0, louis bonaparte staged a coup to overthrow the Second French Republic. One day, a group of * * * Republicans spread out their defense business in the street and started street fighting with political changers. At dusk, a young girl loyal to * * * and the regime, holding a burning torch, jumped over obstacles and shouted the slogan "Forward" and rushed at the enemy. Unfortunately, she was shot and killed. Since then, this brave girl holding the torch has become a symbol of the sculptor's pursuit of freedom. In addition, the image of the Statue of Liberty is based on Bater Di's later wife, and the face is taken from his mother.
1869, Bater completed the sketch design of the Statue of Liberty. The sculpture project started at 1874 and was completed at 1884, which lasted for ten years. This statue is only 2.5 meters long with the index finger, 1 meter wide and 75 centimeters thick with nails.
1On July 6th, 884, the Statue of Liberty was officially presented to the United States. On August 5, the foundation stone laying project of the statue base began. The pedestal is about 27 meters high and made of granite concrete. Below the pedestal is a huge concrete column, which was driven into the center of Fordwood Castle 6 meters deep. This castle is an octagonal military fortress. It was built in1808-1811,and was renovated in 1840. 1in June, 885, the whole statue was divided into more than 200 boxes and transported to new york by tugboat from Lyon. 1886101In mid-October, 75 workers assembled 30 rivets on scaffolding, about 100 parts. On the 28th, US President Cleveland personally presided over the unveiling ceremony of the Statue of Liberty attended by 10,000 people. 19 16, President Wilson installed an all-weather lighting system for the Statue of Liberty and presided over the completion ceremony. 1942, the American government made a decision to list the Statue of Liberty as a national cultural relic of the United States.
For more than a century, the bronze statue of the Statue of Liberty standing on Liberty Island has become a symbol of the friendship between the American nation and the people of the United States and France, and has always expressed the lofty ideals of the American people for democracy and freedom.
Mount Fuji
Mount Fuji, which stands in the south-central part of Honshu, is the highest mountain in Japan, with an altitude of 3,776 meters, towering into the clouds and covered with snow.
Mount Fuji is known as the "Holy Mountain" by the Japanese people and is a symbol of the Japanese nation. It is located about 80 kilometers east of Tokyo, spanning Shizuoka Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture, with an area of 90.76 square kilometers. The whole mountain is tapered. At first glance it looks like an upside-down fan. Japanese poets once praised it with poems such as "Jade Fan Upside Down in the East China Sea" and "Sunrise Reflected in Fuji Snow". There are "Eight Fuji Peaks" around Mount Fuji, such as Jianfeng, Baishan, Jiusu Zhiyue, Dayue, Yidou Yuet, Chengjiayue, Juyue and Sanyue.
Mount Fuji is a dormant volcano. It is said that it was formed by an earthquake in 286 BC. Since it was recorded in writing in 78 1 year, * * has erupted 18 times, and the last time was 1707 times, thus becoming a dormant volcano.
Due to the eruption of the crater, Mount Fuji has formed countless caves at the foot of the mountain, and some caves still have ejection phenomena. The most beautiful cave wall of Fuyuefeng is covered with stalactite-like icicles, which remain unchanged all year round and are regarded as rare wonders. There are two craters on the top of the mountain, the big crater, with a diameter of about 800 meters and a depth of 200 meters. When the weather is clear, watching the sunrise and the sea of clouds on the top of the mountain is an essential tour for tourists from all over the world to come to Japan.
There are five Fuji lakes at the northern foot of Mount Fuji. From east to west, they are Mountain Lake, Hekou Lake, West Lake, Jinjing Lake and Benqi Lake. Mountains and lakes are the largest, with an area of 6.75 square kilometers. There are many sports facilities by the lake, such as playing tennis, water skiing, fishing, camping and boating. In RenNomura, southeast of the lake, there are eight ponds, such as Yongchi and Jingchi, which are collectively called "Eight Seas of Renye" and are connected with lakes in the mountains. Hekou Lake is the earliest developed of the five lakes, where the traffic is very convenient and it has become a tourist center among the five lakes. Yi island in the lake is the only island in the five lakes. There is a shrine dedicated to the safe delivery of pregnant women on the island. There is also a1260m bridge across the lake. The reflection of Mount Fuji reflected in Hekou Lake is called one of the wonders of Mount Fuji.
West Lake, also known as the West Sea, is the quietest of the five lakes. It is said that the West Lake and Jinjing Lake were originally connected, but later they were divided into two lakes due to the eruption of Mount Fuji, but the bottoms of the two lakes are still connected. There are scenic spots such as Hongye Terrace, Sea of Trees, Ming Ze Ice Cave and Zuhe Mountain on the shore. Jinjing Lake is the smallest of the five Fuji lakes, but its style is the most unique. There are many towering cliffs on the lakeshore, and the terrain is complex. Lake Benqi is the deepest, reaching 126 meters. The lake is not frozen all year round, dark blue and unfathomable.
The southern foot of Mount Fuji is a vast plateau with lush green grass, which is a sightseeing pasture for flocks of cattle and sheep. In the southwest corner of the mountain, there are the famous White Waterfall and Yin Zhi Waterfall. With a drop of 26 meters, the white waterfall is divided into more than ten streams from the rock wall, which seems to descend from the air for countless days, forming a rain curtain with a width exceeding 130 meters, which is quite spectacular. The waterfall came crashing down from a height like a giant column, and the sound was like thunder, shaking the earth. Mount Fuji is also a natural botanical garden with more than 2,000 kinds of plants.
At the foot of Mount Fuji in Ayano City, Shizuoka Prefecture, there is also a Fuji Wildlife Park, covering an area of 740,000 square meters, with more than 40 kinds of wild animals 1000, including more than 30 lions. Visitors can drive cars and watch all kinds of animals in the park.
In addition, Mount Fuji also has fantasy travel museum, insect museum, natural science museum, strange stone museum, Fuji museum, large-scale science museum, botanical garden, wild bird garden, wild monkey garden and various sports and entertainment places.
Located on the top of the mountain, the sacred temples-Nine Notices Shrine and Asami Shrine are the main attractions of Izu National Park in Hakone-CHO, Fuji, and are also frequented by tourists. Thousands of domestic and foreign tourists visit the Peak Shrine every summer.