Tip 1: Prevent respiratory diseases.

Winter and spring are the high incidence seasons of respiratory infectious diseases. During the freezing period of rain and snow, due to the low temperature, people can't adapt to it, and the frequent gathering and flow of people during the winter vacation and Spring Festival, the indoor air quality is often poor, which is easy to cause the outbreak and epidemic of diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, scarlet fever, whooping cough, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella.

Respiratory infectious diseases spread quickly and do great harm. In addition to the disease types of specific vaccines, the following basic prevention and control measures are effective:

1. Cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or tissue when sneezing or coughing in crowded places. Don't spit everywhere, and don't throw away paper towels used to spit or wipe your nose.

2. Wash your hands as often as possible; Don't wipe your hands with dirty towels; Wash hands or wipe immediately after contact with respiratory secretions.

3. Towels, water cups and other personal hygiene products are special, and avoid sharing water cups, tableware, towels, toothbrushes and other items with others.

4. Pay attention to environmental sanitation and indoor ventilation, avoid through flow when opening the window, and keep warm. If there are patients with symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases around, the number of indoor ventilation should be increased.

5. Drink plenty of water and eat more fruits and vegetables to increase your immunity.

6. Children, the elderly, the infirm and patients with chronic diseases should try to avoid crowded public places.

7. When respiratory diseases are prevalent, avoid the activities of crowd gathering.

8. When fever, cough and other symptoms appear, timely report, early diagnosis and early treatment. At the same time, take measures such as wearing a mask and not having close contact with others to avoid infection.

9. According to the disease diagnosis, take group prevention and control measures.

Tip 2: Prevent intestinal diseases.

During the freezing period, due to power failure, water shortage and other reasons, food hygiene conditions have declined to varying degrees, which is easy to cause intestinal infectious diseases.

Maintain the environmental sanitation of people's detention centers, provide enough toilets, centrally treat feces and collect domestic garbage; Strengthen health education for passengers, pay attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands before eating, try to use sterilized paper towels when there is no water supply, and try not to touch food directly when eating. The food delivered and provided should be completely packaged to avoid pollution, and try to drink boiled water or clean water; In cold weather, the water supply pipeline may break, resulting in drinking water pollution. If the water supply is found to have abnormal color or odor, stop drinking immediately and report to the local authorities in time.

Once vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms appear, patients should see a doctor in time, and pay attention to rehydration and rest to avoid various complications. If it is a group, we should pay attention to reporting relevant information to the disease control institutions in time so as to take immediate measures to avoid the outbreak.

Tip 3: Prevent natural focus diseases and insect-borne diseases.

After freezing rain and snow, the activities of some animals will change, which is easy to cause some natural focus infections. Such diseases in our province include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Japanese encephalitis, brucellosis and schistosomiasis.

Humans are usually susceptible to natural epidemics. The freezing snow disaster may have an impact on the health and life of local people, but it will take some time to show its impact on the host, media and focus of related natural foci diseases. Therefore, doing the following work will help to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of related diseases in disaster areas:

Strengthen the investigation and discovery of natural foci and early warning of diseases;

Transform the environment, eliminate epidemic focus and control the harm of vector organisms;

Strengthen medical education and health protection for people in epidemic areas;

Strengthen observation and research in the field of monitoring and prevention of natural epidemic diseases.

Tip 4: Prevent food poisoning that is easy to happen in wet and cold environment.

Bacterial and fungal food poisoning is most likely to occur in low temperature and wet cold areas, so it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of food poisoning:

1. Health education. Make people understand the causes and characteristics of food spoilage, and make a preliminary judgment by touching, smelling and tasting.

2. Do a good job in food preservation and processing: take various processing measures, including cooking and dry baking, to ensure food safety.

3. Pay attention to hygiene, do a good job in disinfection of meals and kitchen utensils, and keep the kitchen and tableware clean and hygienic by cooking, washing and drying.

4. When there is no sufficient heating condition, try to eat finished products, and don't eat food with abnormal appearance.

5. When eating semi-finished and finished foods, we should pay attention to the preservation conditions, preservation period and packaging. If the storage period has expired and the packaging is damaged, try not to eat it. If you must eat it, check it carefully after heating to ensure safety.

Tip 5: Prevent common skin diseases.

People are exposed to humid and low temperature environment for a long time, which is easy to get frostbite. Once the skin is damaged, the wound will be damaged by chemicals and infected by microorganisms, from skin infection to infectious diseases through skin infection.

People lack understanding of the harm caused by low-temperature freezing snow disaster, and also lack necessary protective conditions and measures. The relatively poor basic living and living environment, the basic conditions of contact and infection, the lack of fresh vegetables and fruits and other auxiliary factors, such as nutritional deficiency and highly nervous psychological stress reaction, lead to common diseases or local epidemics in the affected areas. Especially in the environment with high humidity, skin damage such as eczema, foot soaking, tinea and scabies will occur when the temperature is low.

Therefore, it is necessary to educate the masses to keep warm and dry as much as possible, and to seek medical treatment in time if skin diseases or injuries are found.

Tip 6: Ensure the safety of drinking water.

Strengthen the inspection of water supply sources, remove the bodies of animals and livestock in time and bury them immediately. The landfill should be far away from the water source 150m or more, away from the residents' daily activities area, and the buried depth should be more than 40cm. A certain amount of quicklime should be added during landfill, and the landfill site should be marked after landfill.

Strengthen the monitoring of drinking water quality, focusing on monitoring indicators such as pathogenic microorganisms and turbidity. For areas where snowmelt agents are used, indicators such as salinity, hardness and Cl- in water sources should also be monitored.

Tip 7: Prevent frostbite.

Pay attention to bring enough cold-proof clothes, wear hats, scarves, gloves and other warm items when traveling, and pay attention to carrying umbrellas;

Try to keep clothes dry, avoid getting wet, and keep warm when resting and sleeping;

Try to eat high-calorie foods to keep out the cold;

Drink more hot drinks to help keep your body temperature;

In order to prevent frostbite, always observe the skin, especially the exposed parts such as ears, face and hands, to see if there is paleness, stiffness or unconsciousness, and rub the facial skin from time to time, stretch muscles and move hands and feet;

Try to stay in the leeward and sunny position;

Do not wear tight underwear, so as not to interfere with blood circulation;

Don't touch metal objects with your bare hands. In the cold season, the surface temperature of such objects is very low, the heat conduction is very fast, and the hand contact is easy to be frostbitten;

Strengthen the warm protection of knee joint, elbow joint, wrist joint and ankle joint;

Old people have poor cold tolerance, so they should pay special attention to keep their legs and feet warm during the journey, avoid sitting for a long time, and often stand up and stamp their feet to rub their hands to promote blood circulation.

Tip 8: Prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

The common causes of gas poisoning are: chimney blockage, chimney downdraft, loose chimney joint, gas pipeline leakage, gas valve not closed properly, charcoal basin heating, automobile exhaust and so on. To prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, we must pay attention to the following aspects:

Vehicles trapped on the road should be careful not to close the car for a long time to avoid passenger poisoning.

Before using the water heater and gas cooker, you should smell the gas to determine whether there is air leakage. Do not install it in a closed bathroom or in a poorly ventilated place. Pay attention to the correct use and maintenance of water heater or gas, and pay attention to whether it burns completely. If a red flame is produced, it means that the combustion is incomplete and more carbon monoxide is produced; If a blue flame is produced, the combustion is more complete and less carbon monoxide is produced;

Pay attention to check whether the rubber tube connected to the gas stove is loose, aging, broken and bitten by insects to prevent air leakage; When the spontaneous combustion gas continuously ignites the unburned gas, wait for a moment, and then ignite after the exhausted gas dissipates; Indoor coal stoves should be equipped with chimneys with completely closed flue, and air circulation should be paid attention to when heating with charcoal fire basin.

How to deal with it after poisoning?

1, household gas leakage, to quickly close the gas valve, open the doors and windows for ventilation, do not use open flames;

2. In case of gas poisoning, the patient should be quickly transferred to fresh air, and pay attention to keep warm, and quickly call 120 to be sent to the hospital for treatment.

Tip 9: Prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in winter.

Elderly people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases must be vigilant and do a good job of keeping warm in autumn and winter with changeable climate. It's very cold when it snows and melts, so try to reduce the time of going out.

Try to avoid colds and other diseases, avoid colds, and beware of new diseases caused by colds; When going out in cold weather, pay attention to cold and warmth, wear hats, scarves and gloves, and pay attention to carrying relevant first-aid medicines with you; Keep a balanced mind when traveling, adjust bad emotions in time, and avoid mental tension and emotional excitement; Exercise properly, arrange exercise time reasonably and control the amount of exercise.

How to deal with it after the onset? After the onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the first thing is to simply treat the patient, put the patient in a straight position, let the patient lie flat, untie the patient's collar, let him breathe freely, and pay attention to keeping warm; At the same time, call the emergency number 120 immediately and seek medical treatment as soon as possible.

Hint 10: Prevent COVID-19.

Think twice before traveling and avoid the following three occasions: crowded places, places that need close contact with people, and closed spaces with poor ventilation.

Take personal protection. Keep a good sense of personal protection at all times, and develop scientific and standardized hygiene habits such as wearing a mask, washing hands frequently, often ventilating, not getting together, not gathering, and keeping a safe social distance. In case of fever, cough, diarrhea, fatigue and other symptoms, immediately wear a mask to the fever clinic of a nearby medical institution, avoid taking public transport on the way, and truthfully report the relevant residence history and contact history when seeing a doctor.

Vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and control COVID-19 epidemic, and it is also the responsibility and obligation of every citizen. Please take the initiative to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible for people who have not been vaccinated, have not completed the whole vaccination and meet the conditions for strengthening immunization, so as to build a national immune barrier.