1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty and drove the Mongolian rulers back to the grassland. After that, the Mongolian empire, which once dominated for a while, gradually declined. However, although the Ming dynasty defeated Mongolia, it could not completely surrender it. In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty, Ming Yingzong and Zhu Qizhen led 500,000 troops to invade Walla. As a result, after the defeat of the civil fort, Ming Yingzong himself became a prisoner of Navarra.
Later, the contradictions among Mongolian ministries intensified and they fought with each other, and the border issue between Ming and North was temporarily eased. The Ming government also made some Mongolian tribes submit to the Ming Dynasty through trade control and other means. But from beginning to end, we can't completely solve the Mongolian problem.
After the rise of the late Jin Dynasty in Northeast China, it posed a threat to the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia. Li Dan Khan of Chahar Department in Ming Dynasty adopted the strategy of uniting against gold, but it didn't work. In less than 20 years, the late Jin Dynasty swept through Mongolia. 1636, the late king Khan was honored as the Great Khan of Mongolia. In the same year, Huang Taiji was renamed Qing Dynasty, which was later Qing Dynasty.
By this time Mongolia had been conquered, but this conquest was achieved by powerful force. Once the strength of the Qing dynasty is weak, Mongolia's control will be unsustainable. Therefore, the Qing court took some very effective control measures.
The first is the flag sharing system. In the past, Mongolian ministries were free to graze, but in the Qing Dynasty, Mongolian princes were divided into fixed pastoral areas according to flags, and each flag could only graze in its own pastoral area, thus cutting off the traditional ties between ministries. More importantly, a big tribe that originally belonged to a certain leader was divided into several flags, and each flag had its own Zazak, which was directly responsible to the Qing government, thus greatly weakening the strength of the original big tribal leader.
The superior unit of the flag is the League, which consists of several flags. The highest officials are called leaders. Under the strict control of the Qing government, the meeting was held every three years, mainly to mediate disputes between flags, and had no special power.
The second way to control Mongols in Qing Dynasty was to use the influence of religion. Mongolians believe in the Yellow Sect in Tibet, namely the Gelug Sect. The Qing court used this to win over various religious forces in Mongolia, but at the same time the Qing government tried its best to prevent Mongolia from developing a unified religious leader. Zhezun Danba Hutuktu is a living Buddha with high prestige in the hearts of Mongolians. In order to offset his influence, the Qing court specially supported another religious leader, Zhang Jiahutuktu, to contain the influence of Zhebuzun Danba. In order to prevent the nobles from forming an alliance with religious leaders, the Qing dynasty also stipulated that it was forbidden to find reincarnated living buddhas from aristocratic families.
Although the control measures taken by the Qing dynasty against Mongolia were quite ingenious, they were all at the level of "art". Another important reason for Mongolia's complete submission was that the Qing dynasty caught up with a good opportunity.
From16th century, Russia from Eastern Europe began to expand to the Far East. This directly leads to smaller and smaller living space for Mongolians. In the early Qing Dynasty, independent Kharka Mongolia faced an embarrassing situation, with powerful Russia on one side and powerful Qing Empire on the other. Judging from the situation at that time, it was only a matter of time before Khalkha Mongolia was annexed. In the end, Khalkha Mongolia chose to raise the flag for the Qing Dynasty, which believed in the same religion as itself.
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