In the first batch of national industrial heritage lists, Hanyang Iron Works, Daye Iron Works, Anyuan Coal Mine and Hanyeping Company, the earliest steel joint venture in China's modern history, are among them.
Pingxiang Anyuan Coal Mine was established in 1898. Together with the railway from Zhuzhou to Pingxiang, it was called Anyuan Road Mine, which was an important enterprise with advanced equipment and technology in China at that time.
1September, 922, under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, a general strike of Anyuan Road and Mine workers broke out, which shocked China and foreign countries. This is the first strike struggle under the independent leadership of the party, which has achieved complete victory and the red Anyuan is famous all over the world.
Go deep into the mine to check the labor situation of workers
The main wellhead of Anyuan Coal Mine, the general drift, allows miners to enter and leave the mine, and the coal is also transported out. There is an eye-catching sign at the entrance of the main lane-an axe intersects with a hammer, and the axe represents underground workers and the hammer represents mechanical workers.
In the autumn of 192 1, Zong Piao welcomed a special guest, Mao Zedong, then secretary of Hunan Branch of China * * * Production Party and director of Hunan Branch of China Labor Union Secretary Department. He came here to inspect the working and living conditions of Anyuan workers. To understand the situation of Anyuan workers, we must understand the situation of underground workers, who are the hardest workers in Anyuan. When Mao Zedong first came to Anyuan, he went deep underground to communicate with the workers face to face.
In the future, some Anyuan workers still remember Mao Zedong's underground inspection. Wang Yaonan, the founding major general, worked in Anyuan. He recalled that in the autumn of 192 1, a gentleman wearing a long blue cloth came underground. It took a few days to know that it was Mr. Mao Runzhi from Hunan who lived in Mao Ziyun's house. Mao Ziyun, a native of Mao Zedong, lives at No.44, Bafangjing, which is less than 100 meters away from the main drift. Now it is preserved as Mao Zedong's former residence in Anyuan. When Wang Yaonan was on sentry duty, he heard Mao Zedong talking with the workers. Mao Zedong inquired about the living conditions of the workers. Some workers said: "It's really hard luck. Without food, my wife and children can't take care of it." Mao Zedong told the workers to unite, and when they unite, they will have strength. Later, Mao Zedong went to Wang Yaonan's home and saw Wang Yaonan's mother cleaning the stool. Mao Zedong said don't wipe, just sit down. These details make Wang Yaonan unforgettable for a long time.
Since 192 1, the leaders of Anyuan Road Mine Workers' Movement, Li and others have been in and out of the main drift for many times, and have gone deep into the underground to inspect and publicize, which has greatly improved the ideological consciousness of workers. Under the leadership of the Party, China Socialist Youth League Branch, the Communist Party of China (CPC) Branch and Anyuan Road and Mine Workers' Club were successively established in Anyuan. With the guidance of the organization, the workers are more cohesive. 1922, 14 September, also in the general drift, Anyuan workers began to strike. The workers stopped working underground, shouted the slogan of strike, poured out of the main roadway like the tide, blocked the roadway with coal drums and potholes, planted flags with the words strike, and prohibited anyone from going underground until the struggle was won.
Stand up for the workers and face them bravely.
Today, there are a number of historical buildings related to strike struggle around Anyuan Road Coal Mine Workers' Movement Memorial Hall, which was built in 1960s. They are witnesses and narrators of history. There are two names on the road sign of one of the buildings. Its official name is Anyuan Guanji, and another name is Negotiation Building.
Anyuan official business concourse was established in 1906. This two-story European-style building with brick and wood structure is the staff office building of Anyuan Coal Mine. When Anyuan workers went on strike, the West Jiangxi Garrison set up a martial law headquarters in this building, and the railway and mining authorities invited the West Jiangxi Garrison in an attempt to finally solve the problem of workers' strike by force. Before this, the railway and mining authorities tried to divide workers from within. Once workers went down to work in advance, the strike struggle would fall into a quagmire of failure. Li He exposed the conspiracy of the Iron Mine Bureau in time, and the workers were very disciplined, so all the means used by the Iron Mine Bureau failed.
1922 September 16, the railway and mining authorities asked the workers' club to send representatives to the formal meeting for negotiation, and Liu Shaoqi attended the meeting alone as a representative. In front of a long table in the negotiation room, five people have been seated. Sitting opposite Liu Shaoqi is Li Hongcheng, commander of martial law and commander of Jiangxi Army. The other four are mine manager Li Shouquan, deputy mine manager Shu Xiutai, chief engineer Wang Hongqing and representatives of Anyuan Chamber of Commerce. At the negotiating table, the enemy was strong and we were weak, and the situation was unfavorable to Liu Shaoqi, but Liu Shaoqi calmly responded. Facing the conspiracy of railway and mining authorities to force workers to return to work by force, Liu Shaoqi asked them to look outside the building first. Outside the building, thousands of workers surrounded the official business hall. The railway and mining authorities saw the strength of the workers and dared not move at all.
This is the origin of Anyuan Business Plaza, also known as the negotiation building. Liu Shaoqi was only 24 years old when he took part in the negotiations. The workers said that Liu Shaoqi was "full of courage". Later, the workers wrote a narrative of Long song's "Labor", describing Liu Shaoqi like this: "Knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, are you willing to be greedy and afraid of death?" Why go to Hushan, fearing death and wasting your life? Liu Shaoqi made up his mind to go to Anyuan to take part in the workers' movement. Let him embarrass me, not afraid of soup and fire ... "
On September 1922 and 18, after consultation, the competent departments of railways and mines reached thirteen agreements with workers' representatives, recognizing that workers' clubs have the right to represent workers and raising their wages. The strike ended with a complete victory for the workers.
The workers designed and built a trade union building by themselves.
The victory of the strike greatly enhanced the prestige of the workers' club. The hardware and software of the workers' club have been significantly improved. Today, visitors to Anyuan can find the former sites of two workers' clubs, one is a relatively simple bungalow before the strike, and the other is after the strike. On June 5438+0923 65438+1October 18, the lecture hall designed and built by Anyuan workers themselves was started under the auspices of Liu Shaoqi, the general director of the club, and the International Labor Day was completed the following year.
The lecture hall is a place for employees to hold large-scale activities, which can accommodate more than 800 people. There is a couplet hanging in the center of the hall. The first couplet says "unity spirit and class consciousness", and the second couplet says "labor security is the lucky star of mankind", criticizing "the proletariat all over the world unite!"
In Anyuan, all aspects of workers' labor and life are deeply influenced by workers' clubs. In July, 1922 Anyuan road mine workers' consumption cooperative was established, with Li as manager and Mao Zemin and others taking over. Anyuan Road and Mine Workers' Consumer Cooperative is the first working-class economic organization under the leadership of China * * * Production Party. Since February 1923, the cooperative has adopted the shareholding system.
Cooperatives are established to protect the interests of workers and avoid being exploited by businessmen. To manage cooperatives well, managers must first distinguish between public and private, and be honest and honest. 1In August, 923, Mao Zemin presided over the formulation of the Work Convention of Anyuan Road and Mine Workers' Consumer Cooperatives, with a total of 17, which made specific provisions on the rights and responsibilities of the general manager and managers, the appointment and dismissal of salespersons, and account management. For example, for the verification of accounts, article 6 stipulates that "the general manager has the right to review the accounts of all managers at any time; Managers should also check and seal the accounts of sales staff in detail every day; The economic custodian will also report to the general manager the total number of audited accounts and the total revenue and expenditure. " When cooperatives purchase and sell goods, the flow of people is very frequent. Article 13 clearly stipulates that if it is "a person who has contacts with the cooperative and comes to the cooperative temporarily to help, his food and accommodation are within the scope of justice in the community, but the waiter must first notify the manager of the miscellaneous department and get his permission before he can start eating, and he must not stay for more than three days at most without reason". With clear rules, the normal operation of cooperatives will be guaranteed. With the careful management of everyone, the share capital of the cooperative has expanded and the commodities have increased, and the workers have benefited from it.
The Party's revolutionary practice in Anyuan has created many firsts in the history of the Party, and has trained a batch of revolutionary backbones from Anyuan workers, who will move from "Little Moscow in China" to the whole country. (Chen) According to
What is industrial heritage?
At the end of 20 17, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the first batch of national industrial heritage lists in China. Up to now, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has published four batches of national industrial heritage lists, with a total of 166 items, including the names, addresses and core projects of industrial heritage.
In 20 18, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of National Industrial Heritage, which defined what is a national industrial heritage. "National industrial heritage refers to the industrial remains that have been formed in China's long-term industrial development and have high historical value, scientific and technological value, social value and artistic value, and have been recognized by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology".
The core projects of national industrial heritage include material remains and intangible remains. The former includes "workshops, workshops, factories, management and scientific research places, mining areas and other production and storage facilities, as well as related living facilities and production tools, machinery and equipment, products and files", while the latter includes "production process knowledge, management system and corporate culture". (Yishun finishing)