& gt The man who inspired the world with benevolence, righteousness, honesty and shame in the romance, from a rescued ordinary person, was looked down upon by Dong Zhuo. Among the allies who won Zhuo's favor, he was just a favorite standing behind Gongsun Zan, and finally became one of the Three Masters. He was hailed as a hero in today's world, but he was just a man of the hour. At that time, he had no land, no military forces, and relied on others to impress the world. His kindness, justice and honesty really played an appealing role. & gt& gt But later in the three-point world, he was always in the weakest position in the corner of the gully bank. Although there were wise men such as Kongming and Pang Tong, and fierce generals such as Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma and Huang, they failed to achieve great development and growth. The East can't compete with Sun Wu, and the North can't compete with Cao Wei. Among them, there are many reasons for his failure, but he is honest and clean, taking the world. & gt& gt Any political behavior should be relaxed, accepted and released, including superficial aspects, such as any flags and slogans, which should not be excessive. Anyone who overdoes it and strengthens it to the extreme will inevitably go to the opposite side. Throughout the ages, there are countless examples of this extreme, until the Cultural Revolution, which we are all familiar with, finally went to extremes. Isn't it a disaster? & gt& gt Liu Xuande's benevolence and righteousness sometimes hurt himself. Take Jingzhou as an example. Liu Biao was seriously ill, and Kong Ming suggested that he take Jingzhou to refuse Cao Cao. He also thought public speaking was good, but he also said: Thank you Jingsheng, I am very patient about it. Kong Ming warned him: If you don't take it now, what will you regret! As soon as his righteousness came up, he ignored the others. I would rather die than do anything ungrateful. Later, Liu Cong dedicated Jingzhou to Cao Cao, and both Yi Ji and Kongming advised him to go to Xiangyang in the name of mourning to lure Liu Cong out to meet him. Then he captured him and killed his henchmen, so Jingzhou became a monarch. Liu Bei is doing the same thing again: my brother is not afraid of danger and leaves me alone. If he takes his son and seizes his land today, he will die in Jiuquan the next day. How can he see my brother again? So the Jingzhou of Liu Biao, which is easily available, became the Jingzhou of Cao Cao and then became the Jingzhou of morality. How is he? No matter what kind of rhetoric, sophistry, in the final analysis, is also a temporary shelter for Jingzhou. & gt& gt Another example is Yizhou, which was originally for this land. Both Pang Tong and Fazheng suggested that he kill Liu Zhang at the party. Once in Chengdu, you can sit down and make up your mind if your knife is unsheathed and your bow is not wound. It's not too late to mend, it's only a matter of time, but Liu Bei said: Liu Yuji and I live in the same clan and can't bear to take it. As a result, he also blamed Pang Tong: Why should he be trapped in injustice? At this time, it is either downright hypocrisy or 20% stupidity, so different people have different opinions. Jingzhou and Yizhou are not good at Liu Bei's firmness and indecision. He doesn't want it, but he wants it under the banner of benevolence, righteousness and honesty, which is of course equal to daydreaming. The>& gt flag may be played, but it should change with time, place and interest. Therefore, Pang Tong said: When you walk around, you can't make a decision together. This is a dialectical view. & gt& gt He made it very clear and practical: he was weak and aggressive, and he was obedient, which was precious to the ancients. When the matter is settled, it will be named a big country. Why not break the letter? Don't take it today, it's good for others! Strictly speaking, as long as it is right and wrong, there can be no justice and justice. However, in that era of possession, being possessed and anti-possession, and in that era of constantly redrawing the political map among governors, the law of the jungle is a historical necessity. It is only a matter of time before the corrupt and ignorant regime collapses. If you don't swallow it, others will be rude. There is no emotional or moral contractual responsibility here, even if you are sworn allies. At this time, the best way is to eat him and maybe save him. If you become the Z incarnation of another fierce person, your life may be even worse. & gt& gt A goal is there, and everyone wants it. When the goal is not clearly in whose hands, the struggle of competitors will not be peaceful for a moment. Only when the struggle is hopeless and the ownership is a foregone conclusion will everyone stop. This is the method of catching rabbits first when Fazheng advised Liu Bei to take the West Shu. Therefore, depending on the situation, you should take it and never reach out if you shouldn't take it; Those who should take and not take are called fools, and those who should not take and not take are called fallacies, all of which are biased behaviors. & gt& gt Liu Bei, again and again by his false name, missed the event. Pang Tong said, what has been decided and not decided is foolish. Liu Bei can't become a big climate, and his bravado of benevolence, righteousness and shame has become a burden on his way. & gt& gt So, nothing is absolute. Enough is enough, and it's best to be more proactive if there is room. Chen Lin and Ba Universe >> When the late Han Dynasty competed with Cao Cao in the Central Plains, he asked his poet Chen Lin to write an article denouncing Cao Cao for him. & gt& gt Chen is the master book of the imperial court etiquette blade and an important member of the family who participates in secret affairs. He once admonished He Jin not to rashly call foreign soldiers to the central government to punish eunuchs, because this game is very dangerous. As a result, Braise, who was born as a butcher, didn't listen, and he was badly beaten. Chen Lin took refuge in Jizhou for fear of being implicated in blades. Jizhou is the base of Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao is also a close confidant of He Jin. So, I asked Chen Lin, who was at home at that time, to write an article and arrange a job and a salary just for my old friend. The so-called envoy article of>& gt is similar to the current professional writer to some extent, that is, it doesn't matter if you come to work when you are free and don't call the roll. But people give you a salary, a house and occasionally a creative task. Of course, I am also embarrassed to refuse. In fact, Chen Lin is a writer with some civilian consciousness among the seven sons of Jian 'an. His masterpiece "Drinking Horses in the Cave of the Great Wall" shows great sympathy for the sufferings brought by the corvee who built the Great Wall. It is conceivable that this war between Yuan Shao and Cao Cao will cause such a serious disaster to Hebei. What should his attitude be? But when people serve their bowls, they have to take care of them and have to order literature. The>& gt campaign, in modern language, is a public opinion propaganda offensive before the general mobilization of the army. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when Cao Cao saw Chen Lin going to war, he was suffering from migraine and was ill in bed. After reading it, I felt creepy and broke out in a cold sweat, which was better. It is incredible that the article can play the role of aspirin in relieving pain. When it comes to the role of literature, nothing is more impressive than this article. Probably because of this reason, emperors of past dynasties were not very polite to literati and were ready to clean up the literary inquisition in Daxing at any time. Cao Cao's reputation for killing literati is not very good either. Mi Fei, Kong Rong and Yang Xiu all died at his hands. Liu Zhen, one of the seven sons of An Qi in Lian Jian, was sent to a quarry for labor reform because he dared to look up at his daughter-in-law. Chen Lin, who scolded his ancestors, became his prisoner and was just raised. This is an exception. Three Kingdoms: Yuan defeated, Lin returned to Mao. Taizu said,' It's just an orphan's crime to clear the book first. If evil ends in his body, why is it evil to his father and ancestors? Lin apologized, and Mao Ai didn't blame it. & gt& gt The Romance of the Three Kingdoms adds a defense of Chen Lin here, which is imminent and has to be heard! This is a real word. On the one hand, he doesn't deny that it is an arrow, but I'm afraid it is still a sharp arrow, which shows his confidence in his literary ability. On the other hand, realize that you are just a tool. Yuan Shao can't turn and hit an arrow in his hand. Obviously, this down-to-earth spirit of introspection touched Cao Cao, not only released him, but also arranged for him to be his own bookkeeping room, which is equivalent to the post of secretary-general today. Be an official if you write well. Since then, I have enjoyed at least the treatment of bureau level and division level, which is much more proud than just writing a classic article under Yuan Shaomen. If it weren't for a terrible plague in Xudu in A.D. 193, Cao Cao would have promoted and reused him long ago. & gt& gt Now rereading Chen Lin's essays really makes Cao Cao sick and ugly. And Cao laughed off this magnanimity, which is really admirable. Now those gentlemen who love to sit in the right place, like Mr. Q, have a mental breakdown to this extent. Because he is bald, others say glamorous is a taboo, and I'm afraid even one of Cao's little fingers can't compare with him. & gt& gt I don't know if anyone has verified it. Was this sport the ancestor of later posters? At least in terms of hostility in criticism, meanness and malice in exposure, omnipotence in wording and speech, it is very similar to public fighting. However, in those years, although we created almost astronomical posters, none of them reached the level of Chen Lin's criticism of Cao Cao and Cao Cao. It's really a pity. & gt& gt Chen Lin's works, most of which were later lost, can't see the whole picture now. However, from the classical theory, he ranked second among the seven sons of Jian 'an, second only to Kong Rong, which shows that his evaluation is not low. In Book with Wu Zhi, Wei Wendi also said: Kong Zhangzhang is extremely healthy, but slightly rich. Cao Cao captured him and didn't kill him, which also shows that Cao Cao is very sure of his talent, otherwise he won't love or blame him. It is enough to show that the views of these two heavyweights in Jian' an literature are so consistent. & gt& gt However, it is probably difficult for a writer or a work to win praise from the literary world. Scholars despise each other, which is a deep-rooted evil of writers and poets. You said yes, but I shook my head. I'd appreciate it if you said no. Because the emotional factors in this kind of literary criticism are often turning a blind eye, praise and criticism will inevitably reverse right and wrong. On the contrary, Cao Zhi and his father and brother praised Chen Lin. In "A Letter with Yang Dezu", when it comes to Chen, he is not idle in ci and fu, but he claims that he can walk with Sima Changqing. You can't draw a tiger by analogy, nor can you draw a dog by analogy. & gt The sour words of this gifted scholar have a lot to do with his bad situation and bad mood at that time. The struggle for the throne in the imperial court, the struggle for power between brothers, and the fact that most scholars revolve around Cao Pi, the general of the five senses, put the Seven-Step Poet at a disadvantage in politics and literature, so he lived a life of hate, fear, jealousy and unwillingness. Therefore, Cao Pi talked about the great cause of the country and the great event of immortals. He said that the way of ci and fu was not enough to promote righteousness and show the future. Be sure to play the devil's advocate, which is also a way to achieve psychological balance in a helpless situation. Later, when Cao Pi became emperor, he kept writing loyalty. After Cao Pi died, he succeeded to the throne. He paid tribute to the nephew and then wrote a tribute letter, including many words. It can be seen that his so-called ci-fu path, which takes calligraphy as a career and ci-fu as a gentleman, contains an element of melodrama. & gt& gt Plus he is an aristocrat, there will naturally be a natural gap between ordinary people and writers who reflect their sufferings. In the history of literature, the distinction between aristocratic literature and civilian literature has always been clear. Just like some works describing real life today, it is not the same thing for aesthetes in ivory towers, artists who art for art's sake, pioneers of new trends, and second-hand merchants who devour western modernism alive. When they look at these works that reflect the outlook on life, social status quo, people's thoughts and public aspirations, they shake their heads and grin before even reading them. This is exactly the same as Cao Zhi's living in the Forbidden Palace, indulging in the beauty of wine, not understanding the tragic situation of domestic servants who abandoned their wives and children, leaving their homes and being abused, and not understanding the theme of Chen Lin's creation. People who eat too much can hardly feel hungry. Therefore, it is probably similar to an idiot's dream to expect burping to write literature about hunger. & gt& gt writers are spiritual producers, so it is natural to have a little spirit, especially the confidence in creation. If they lack it, they will always feel ashamed, and it is probably difficult to write any great works. Chen Lin claims to be in the same strain as Sima Changqing, and this confidence is impeccable. Cao Zhi also said that Kong Zhang was flying in the river, which showed that he admitted that Chen Lin was not an ordinary person. If we examine Sima Xiangru's desperate efforts to squeeze into aristocratic literature and write their sorrows and sorrows and sexual anguish for those palace ladies who have fallen out of favor in the harem, the sadness in Changmen Fu may not have the blood and tears at the foot of the Great Wall in Chen Lin's poems, which is even more shocking! In this sense, Chen Lin is confident that compared with Sima Xiangru, there is nothing to draw tigers, and there is no excuse against dogs. & gt& gt In fact, in Pei's Notes on the History of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Lin has not only a confident side, but also a self-examination. Chen Jianlin, as an armory fu, made up his mind and sighed deeply with Lin Shu for its beauty. Lin said,' The servants are in Hebei, isolated from the world. The rate here is less than the article, and it is easy to be a hero. Therefore, it is not true that my servant suffers from this serious tanning. Since Jingxing is here, the first step is here, and the so-called dwarfism is exhausted! ">& gt He knows himself very well, so he can be a hero. For a while, he called himself Bo, isolated and had few competitors, which made him feel very comfortable. Not every writer can make such a realistic evaluation. There are a few complacent, supercilious and rude people in the literary world from time to time, which is the reason for the lack of such sobriety.