1. The main diseases related to smoking are: 1. Cardiovascular diseases: Smoking is related to coronary heart disease, hypertension, sudden death and thromboangiitis obliterans. Smoking can promote thrombosis and reduce the body's sensitivity to heart disease precursors. 2. Respiratory diseases: chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. 3. Diseases of digestive system: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal cancer, colon diseases, pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer. 4. Cerebrovascular diseases: Smoking increases the risk of cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition, smoking can also damage brain cells, memory, thinking ability, and cause mental disorders. 5. Endocrine diseases: Smoking 20 cigarettes a day can increase the risk of diabetes by 1 fold. Smoking can also promote thyroid diseases. 6. Oral diseases: such as lip cancer, oral cancer, oral leukoplakia, candida albicans infection, oral mucosal pigmentation, oral odor, etc. 7. Ophthalmic diseases mainly include toxic optic neuropathy, decreased visual adaptability, macular degeneration and cataract. Second, the harm to teenagers Smoking is more harmful to teenagers. Medical research shows that teenagers are in the period of growth and development, and their physiological systems and organs are not yet mature. Their resistance to harmful factors in the external environment is weaker than that of adults, and they are easy to absorb poisons and damage the normal growth of their bodies. According to a survey of 25 states in the United States, the age of starting smoking is negatively correlated with the mortality rate of lung cancer. If the mortality rate of lung cancer in non-smokers is 1.00, the mortality rate of smokers below 15 is19.68; 20-24 years old is10.08; People over 25 4.08. It shows that the earlier you start smoking, the higher the incidence and mortality of lung cancer. Smoking damages the brain, dulls thinking, reduces memory, affects study and work, and reduces students' academic performance. Psychological research shows that the intelligence efficiency of smokers is lower than that of non-smokers 10.6%. Third, the impact of smoking on pregnant women and fetuses Smoking damages almost all important organs of the human body: respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system, urinary system and other important organs. These injuries are the same for men and women. However, the special physical structure of women and the physiological characteristics of giving birth to the next generation will cause some special harm to smoking women and their fetuses. First of all, smoking will reduce the fertility rate of both husband and wife. A follow-up study of UK 17000 women of childbearing age 1 1 year shows that smoking can reduce the fertility rate. The infertility rate of women who smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day is 10.7%, while the infertility rate of women who don't smoke is only 5.4%. Another survey also believes that the probability of smoking women suffering from infertility is 2.7 times that of non-smoking women; If both husband and wife smoke, the possibility of infertility is 5.3 times that of non-smoking couples. The new experimental results show that nicotine in tobacco has an influence on sperm shape, exercise ability, straight swimming ability and sperm penetration ability, and the higher the nicotine concentration, the greater the influence. A British research report found that the sperm concentration and percentage of active sperm in the smoking group were significantly lower than those in the non-smoking group. The average sperm content in the semen of smoking group was 25 million/ml, while that of non-smoking group was 63 million/ml. Smoking group only accounts for 49% of the total sperm, while non-smoking group accounts for more than 63%. Therefore, smoking is one of the important reasons for male infertility. Smoking in pregnant women is very harmful to the development and health of the fetus. Tobacco contains a lot of toxic substances, besides nicotine, there are hydrocyanic acid, ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, pyridine, aromatic compounds and tar. These toxic substances can be absorbed into maternal blood with smoke, reducing the oxygen content in maternal body and placenta. Fetal growth and development will be delayed due to lack of oxygen, so the low birth weight babies born to pregnant women who smoke are twice as high as those born to pregnant women who don't smoke. These babies are not only weak, but also have a high risk of serious diseases and a high mortality rate within one year of birth. In recent years, many studies have also shown that pregnant women who smoke are more likely to have miscarriages, premature births and stillbirths than those who do not smoke. The survey also found that smoking during pregnancy will damage the fertility of daughters in adulthood. Smoking in pregnant women will increase the incidence of fetal congenital malformation. According to statistics, the congenital malformation born to smoking mothers is 2.3 times that of non-smoking mothers. Smoking causes fetal malformations such as anencephaly, cleft palate, cleft lip, dementia, and physical development disorders, which is 2.5 times that of non-smokers. The research results of foreign countries in recent two years show that pregnant women's exposure to nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes will seriously affect the transmission of nerve cells and sound waves in the cochlea to inner ear neurons, so pregnant women's smoking will lead to fetal hearing loss. A study in the United States also found that babies born to pregnant women who smoke have abnormal hearing. According to the follow-up survey, when the child reaches the age of 6_ 12, the hearing test is conducted according to the smoking situation of the mother during pregnancy. The results show that the more pregnant women smoke, the worse their children's hearing response. Children who smoke secondhand smoke have found similar results. A large-scale survey conducted by Danish researchers confirmed that 30% to 40% of sudden death babies are related to mothers' smoking during pregnancy, and the risk of sudden death of babies born to women who smoke during pregnancy is three times higher than that of babies born to non-smoking women. The researchers pointed out that nicotine in cigarettes may be the culprit, because nicotine has the function of weakening or destroying the fetal self-protection mechanism. Another survey showed that the incidence of congenital heart disease in infants born to smokers was 7.3%, while that of infants born to non-smokers was 4.7%. A study in Germany found that smoking in pregnant women is more harmful to the fetus than is currently recognized. If you smoke 10 cigarettes every day during pregnancy, the risk of fetal cancer will increase by 50%, and the possibility of leukemia will double. Researchers found typical NNAL carcinogens produced by tobacco in the urine of female newborns who smoked. The fetus absorbs nicotine through umbilical cord, converts it into NNAL in the liver, and finally excretes it through the kidney. In this way, pregnant women who smoke will cause damage to the liver, kidneys and lungs of the fetus. In addition to the above indirect effects on the fetus, smoking in pregnant women has a direct impact on the fetus. Smoking can accelerate fetal heart rate and reduce respiratory movement. Toxic substances such as nicotine in smoke can also penetrate into the placenta through blood, be transported to the fetus, and even cause damage to imperfect organs. Smoking by pregnant women is not only harmful to the fetus, but also to their own health. It is reported that pregnant women who smoke have complications such as placental abruption, bleeding and premature water breakthrough during delivery, which is twice as high as normal women 1-2 times. Therefore, for the health of the next generation and pregnant women themselves, pregnant women should stay away from cigarettes, avoid passive smoking, and spend their pregnancy and delivery in a fresh and pleasant environment. Harm to women 1. Smoking and ectopic pregnancy In the past 20 years, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy (mainly tubal pregnancy) among women all over the world has increased by two or three times. In the past, it was thought that the main causes of ectopic pregnancy were pelvic inflammatory disease and sexually transmitted diseases. However, why is ectopic pregnancy still on the rise in areas where the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease and sexually transmitted diseases is declining? Experts have been looking for new risk factors of ectopic pregnancy, one of which is smoking. Experts have found that no matter how the history of sexual life, pelvic infection, birth control and childbirth changes, the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy is obviously related to the amount of smoke inhaled by pregnant women. The researchers divided pregnant women into two groups. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in smoking group was 40.65438 0%, while that in non-smoking group was 29.7%. There is a significant difference between the two groups. A research team from the University of Washington conducted a case-control study on 274 patients with ectopic pregnancy and 727 pregnant women in the same period, and concluded that the risk of tubal pregnancy among smokers was 40% higher than that of non-smokers. The cause of ectopic pregnancy caused by smoking in pregnant women, the study found that smoke can stimulate the wall of small blood vessels and make it thicker, so the blood circulation in the pelvic cavity changes, which leads to a series of changes such as implantation variation of fertilized eggs. Some people think that nicotine destroys the microfilament structure of fallopian tube that sends eggs to uterus, so that fertilized eggs can not be transported to uterus normally. Therefore, the slogan "If you are pregnant, please quit smoking immediately" was put forward in the United States. Pregnant women should not only smoke, but also avoid going to smoky places. 2. The fertilization rate of smoking and smoking of infertile women's eggs is greatly weakened. Compared with non-smoking women, smoking women are 2.7 times more likely to suffer from infertility than non-smoking women. American researchers found that the fertility of smokers is 72% lower than that of non-smokers. British researchers found that Ding Ning, the decomposition product of nicotine, had a significant effect on the pregnancy of 45 infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Researchers believe that Ding Ning can affect the production of estrogen in women's reproductive cycle, but the proportion of fertilized eggs of women in Ding Ning is 60% lower than that of women without this substance. If the husband smokes, the situation is even worse. Statistics show that couples who smoke are 5.3 times more likely to be infertile than couples who don't smoke.