The Yellow Scarf Uprising has a very high position in the history of China. This is the first time that China organized an uprising by religious means, which has far-reaching influence.
Since then, all the peasant uprisings in past dynasties have religious shadows, such as An Baili Uprising, Tientsin Uprising, Taiping Uprising and so on.
According to historical records, Zhang Jiao was a giant deer man, which is now Ningjin, Hebei Province. His main activity area is in Jizhou area, which is very close.
In addition to the opening angle, Ningjin also has a religious celebrity li xiangshan, nicknamed? Stupid five? Later, he became a monk in Wutai Mountain and was called Puji monk.
Monk Puji's energy is also great. When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered her to contact the Boxer Rebellion, trying to stop the attack and prevent barbarians from fleeing to the north.
From Zhangjiao to li xiangshan, the time and space span is 1700 years, and folk religion has been firmly rooted here, from Taiping Road to An Baili School, from Bagua School to Jiugong Road.
Zhang Jiao believed in Huang Lao's theory in his early years. He is proficient in divination and is familiar with folk medicine and witchcraft. He is definitely a great god.
Whether seeking divination or saving lives, the opening angle can be handy, so there are many believers. Therefore, he and his brothers Zhang Bao and Sean founded Taiping Road.
At that time, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were autocratic, officials at all levels were corrupt, and people's lives were very difficult. They were often harassed by diseases and were full of confusion about the future.
However, at the level of productivity development at that time, they could not solve these problems, so they could only pray for the protection of the gods and place their hopes on supernatural religious fantasies.
Zhang Jiao thinks that you are sick, you have suffered, because you did something wrong, so you need it? Bow down for the first time? , that is, take the initiative to kowtow to the gods to repent.
Is this routine familiar? Almost all religions, whether Buddhism or Catholicism, want their followers to repent frequently. I save myself three times a day!
Then what, the opening angle was applied again? The charm of water? Treating the lower class is probably a placebo effect! Many people have been cured, Shi said? The patient is fine, and the people believe it? ,
At first glance, the local official saw that this opening angle was simply a wonderful doctor! And persuasion and enlightenment will help local stability, therefore, fully support him to save lives.
In this way, Zhang Jiao preached in the name of treating diseases and developed hundreds of thousands of believers in more than ten years. Isn't Li Chao a wise man? Of course there is.
Situ Yangci specially wrote a letter, hoping that the court would restrict the large-scale religious activities of Zhang Jiao. It's just that Emperor Han Ling hasn't read the paper yet, so Yang Ci is excused.
As for the local squire, Zhang Jiao did not call on believers to sit in his house and petition. Even if he burns incense, he dare not take the initiative to find trouble with Zhang Jiao.
Moreover, the opening angle of others not only developed the bottom masses, but also developed a group of believers at the top of society, and even developed a few among the waiters in the middle class.
So everyone knows that something will happen to Zhang Jiao sooner or later, but no one will tell the court, because it is useless to say that Emperor Han Ling can't see the throne at all.
In order to facilitate leadership, Zhang Jiao set up 36 party departments, namely counseling stations, all over the country. There are more than 10 thousand generous people and six or seven thousand small parties, and each party recommends one person to take overall responsibility.
Its theoretical basis is Taiping Ching Ling Shu (Taiping Jing), 170. Its action plan is: Heaven dies, Huang Tianli, 60 years old, everything is fine in the world. ?
Zhang Jiao sent someone to write this sentence with chalk on the doors of the Beijing Office and the offices of state and county governments? Jiazi? Two words, as a time code for unified action.
Ma Yuanyi, a generous leader, sneaked into the capital for many times and reached an agreement with Zhong Changshi, Xu Feng and others to become internal servants. On March 5, an uprising broke out inside and outside Luoyang.
In A.D. 184, Tang Zhou, a disciple of Zhang Jiao, a native of Jinan, chickened out and wrote a letter to report him. Ma Yuanyi was arrested and sentenced to engage in automobile manufacturing in Luoyang.
Emperor Han Ling ordered a thorough investigation. Who believes in Beijing? Taiping road? Anyone related to the opening angle was arrested and put to death, and more than 1000 people were killed.
In addition, Emperor Han Ling ordered Jizhou to seize Zhang Jiao and others. When Zhang Jiao and others learned that things were exposed, they sent people all over the country day and night, asking them to get up immediately.
In less than a month, all parts of the country responded. The Yellow Scarf Rebellion began (this is also the content of the first Romance of the Three Kingdoms).
In order to put out the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising as soon as possible, Emperor Han Ling called ministers to discuss countermeasures. Huang Fusong, the magistrate of Beidi County, and Lv Qiang, the servant. Propose that the party ban must be lifted.
If it is not lifted, many talented people will be pushed to the side of Zhang Jiao, and the combination of intellectuals and farmers will have disastrous consequences.
Emperor Han Ling was shocked and had to grant amnesty to party member, allowing exiled party member and his family to return to their hometown, with one exception.
Attendants Xu and Zhang Jun took the opportunity to write, saying that Zhang Jiao's rebellion and the positive response of the people were all caused by the evil deeds of Shiheng's attendants.
They let their relatives and friends serve as state shepherds and county governors in various places, resulting in nowhere for the people to complain and nowhere to stretch their grievances. Only then did they get up and gather as thieves.
We will behead the ten attendants, hang them in the southern suburbs, and send messengers to tell the world. There is no need to incite the masses to quell the Yellow Scarf Uprising.
Emperor Han Ling lost his temper and scolded: What a madman! Isn't there a good man among ten regular waiters? ? Then, Xu Xiang and Zhang Jun were framed as Taiping Taoists and both were executed.
In order to suppress the uprising effectively, in March of A.D. 188, Emperor Ling accepted Taichang's suggestion and changed a part of the secretariat into a state shepherd, so that he could have local military and political power, so as to strengthen the control of local affairs and suppress the remnants of the Yellow Scarf more effectively.
With the decentralization of power, the state pastoralists gradually enlisted troops, and the central government was completely overhead, which opened the prelude to the warlord melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and laid a distant curse for the division of the three countries.
Because Zhang Jiao and others lack sufficient understanding of the complexity of class struggle, insufficient preparation for how to lead the armed uprising, and lack the necessary military command ability training.
In the end, the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising became the political and military capital of various governors? Brush the strange pool? Even a poor man like Liu Huangshu succeeded in getting a blood.
In any case, the Yellow Scarf Uprising changed the historical trend forever and became a model of how to launch peasant uprisings in China for two thousand years.