1992,1On February 22nd, 1993, the United Nations General Assembly established World Water Day. This is a special day to remind the public of water resources. On this day, we can realize that the practical efforts to provide people with pure drinking water and the world's understanding of water problems can help us do better on water resources issues.
In its resolution 58/2 17 of 23 February 2003, the General Assembly declared the period from 2005 to 2065 as the International Decade for Action "Water for Life", starting from World Water Day on 22 March 2005.
March 22nd every year is the World Water Day designated by the United Nations. March 22nd, 2005 is the13rd World Water Day with the theme of "Water for Life". This theme was defined by the United Nations at its 58th General Assembly in 2003.
1993 65438+1October 18. The 47th session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 193 on the basis of the recommendations made in the Agenda for Action in the 20th Century formulated by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, and decided to start from1993. At the same time, through extensive publicity and education activities, enhance public awareness of water resources development and protection.
Although 70.8% of the earth is covered by water, the fresh water resources are extremely limited. Of all the water resources, 97.5% is salt water, which is inedible. Of the remaining 2.5% fresh water, 87% are ice and snow in polar ice sheets, alpine glaciers and permafrost zones that are difficult for human beings to use. What humans can really use is a part of rivers, lakes and groundwater, which accounts for only 0.26% of the total water volume of the earth and is unevenly distributed. About 65% of water resources are concentrated in less than 10 countries, while 80 countries and regions, which account for about 40% of the world population, are seriously short of water. According to statistics released by the United Nations, there are 1 1 billion people living in water shortage, and 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation facilities.
At the same time, water pollution has further eroded a large number of water resources available for consumption, endangering human health. According to the survey of the United Nations, more than 400 billion tons of sewage is discharged every year in the world, resulting in more than 5 trillion tons of water being polluted and millions of people dying from diseases caused by unclean drinking water.
In recent years, the increasingly severe water crisis has aroused widespread concern. Experts call on all countries in the world to make joint efforts to strengthen the management of fresh water resources, save water and reduce pollution, and solve the problem of regional water resources allocation through consultation and negotiation.
From 198 1 to 1990, the world's first ten-year plan for international water action was implemented. During this period, more than 654.38 billion people in the world have obtained water supply, and the sanitary conditions of nearly 770 million people have been improved.
In 2003, the 58th General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a resolution declaring 2005-20 15 as the International Decade for Action, with the theme of "Water for Life", which was officially implemented on March 22, 2005.
The goal of the International Decade for Action "Water for Life" is to urge countries to pay more attention to water-related issues and carry out multi-level cooperation to achieve the water-related goals in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and 2 1 Agenda. The United Nations General Assembly called on all relevant United Nations bodies, specialized agencies, regional commissions and other organizations to coordinate their actions and make use of existing resources and voluntary contributions to embody the meaning of "water for life" in the Decade.
slogan for propaganda
1, ensure the safety of drinking water and maintain life and health.
2. Ensuring drinking water safety is the primary task of water conservancy work.
3. Protect water resources, protect water environment and prevent water pollution.
4. Unswervingly promote the construction of a water-saving society.
5. The waste and pollution of water is the biggest violation of water resources by human beings.
6. Protect the river ecology and maintain the healthy life of the river.
7, to prevent water depletion and water pollution, to ensure the safety of drinking water for urban and rural residents.
8. Vigorously strengthen the construction of rural drinking water projects.
9. Strengthen the protection of drinking water sources according to law.
10, strengthen the supervision and management of sewage outlets into the river according to law.
1 1. Promote administration according to law and realize water control according to law.
12, implement the People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the national water law.
13. Implement the Flood Control Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).
14. Implement the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Soil and Water Conservation.
15. Implement the Water Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).
In 2005, China commemorated World Water Day and launched China Water Week with the propaganda theme of "ensuring drinking water safety and ensuring life and health".
There are two main problems in China's "water": one is the shortage of water resources, and the other is the serious water pollution.
According to some data, China is a country with severe drought and water shortage. The per capita freshwater resources are only 1/4 of the world average, ranking 1 10 in the world, and it is one of the countries with the poorest per capita water resources in the world. The per capita available water resources are only 900 cubic meters, and the distribution is extremely uneven. At the end of the 20th century, more than 400 cities out of more than 600 cities in China were short of water, among which 1 10 was seriously short of water, with a total water shortage of 6 billion cubic meters.
According to monitoring, the national wastewater discharge increased from 310.50 billion tons in 1980 to 63/kloc-0.50 billion tons in 2002. Groundwater in most cities has been polluted to varying degrees, and it is getting worse year by year. The increasingly serious water pollution not only reduces the use function of water bodies, further exacerbates the contradiction of water shortage, but also seriously threatens the drinking water safety and health of urban residents.
In order to alleviate the severe water resources situation: First, give priority to water conservation. This is mainly reflected in controlling demand and creating a water-saving society. In the process of national development, we should choose suitable development projects, establish the concept of "how much water is used", and put an end to the waste of water resources. At the same time, good management and technical means should be adopted to improve the utilization rate of water resources. Actively develop water-saving industrial and agricultural technologies, vigorously promote the application of water-saving appliances, and find and eliminate water leakage, including water appliances and water pipe networks.
The second is pollution control. This requires that China's water pollution control strategy should be adjusted as soon as possible, from end control to source control and whole process control. Qian Yi believes that a large number of industrial enterprises in China are still in extensive production mode, and the treatment of industrial wastewater is not ideal. Even if the standard discharge is achieved, a large number of pollutants are discharged into rivers and lakes, and the pollution degree has exceeded the environmental capacity of rivers and lakes themselves. With the development of economy, the discharge of industrial wastewater will increase, and so will the pollutants. If cleaner production is vigorously promoted and source control and whole process control of pollutant discharge are implemented, pollutant discharge will be greatly reduced, and industrial production can also increase production without increasing pollution.
The third is multi-channel open source. This mainly refers to the development of non-traditional water resources. Qian Yi pointed out that in order to improve water supply capacity, in the past, we mainly focused on developing traditional water resources, namely local surface water and groundwater. When we found that the groundwater level continued to drop and the surface water gradually dried up, we thought of long-distance water transfer. Long-distance water transfer not only requires very expensive infrastructure investment and operating costs, but also has difficulties in construction and management. At the same time, ecological impact is another important issue that people pay attention to in recent years. Now all countries in the world are turning to developing non-traditional water resources. Non-traditional water resources include rainwater, reclaimed sewage, seawater and air water resources.
According to reports, at present, the reuse rate of industrial water in China is only 60%, and urban sewage is almost unused. In Israel, the utilization rate of urban sewage reaches 90%, and in Los Angeles, the treated urban sewage is also used to water green spaces. The reuse of urban sewage not only reduces pollution, but also alleviates the contradiction of water shortage. In addition, with the development of technology, the cost of seawater desalination tends to decrease, and seawater can be directly used as industrial cooling water and washing water. Many public health places in Hong Kong use seawater to flush toilets.
In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the world, according to the principle of water resources protection, development and management in chapter 18 of the UN 2108 agenda, 193 was adopted by the UN 18 General Assembly on108. The resolution invites governments to carry out some specific publicity activities on this day according to their national conditions in order to raise public awareness. Starting from 1996, the themes of World Water Day and China Water Week are:
The Ministry of Construction of China also decided to take the second week of June every year as the national publicity week for urban water conservation, with the aim of conscientiously implementing the Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Regulations on Urban Water Conservation of the State Council, and enhancing people's planning and water-saving concepts.
Speaking, the earth's water reserves are very rich, * * * with 65.438+0.45 billion cubic kilometers. However, seawater accounts for 97.2%, land fresh water only accounts for 2.8%, and fresh water such as rivers, freshwater lakes and shallow groundwater, which are closest to human life, only accounts for 0.34% of fresh water reserves. What is even more worrying is that this extremely limited fresh water is being polluted more and more. According to scientific estimates, more than half of the countries and regions in the world lack drinking water, especially in the economically underdeveloped third world countries. At present, 70% of people, that is, 654.38+0.7 billion people, do not need clean water, and nearly 80% of the world's population is threatened by water shortage. China's per capita fresh water quantity is a quarter of the world's per capita level, and it belongs to a water-deficient country. More than 300 cities in China are short of water, and 29% people are drinking bad water, among which 70 million people are drinking high fluorine water. Every year, the economic losses caused by water shortage reach more than 654.38+0 billion yuan, and the economic losses caused by water pollution reach more than 40 billion yuan.
The above data fully shows that the shortage of water resources has become a major problem facing the world today. Not long ago, the United Nations Conference on Human Environment and World Water Resources issued a warning: After the oil crisis, the next crisis for mankind is water. Therefore, it is an urgent task for governments all over the world to protect and utilize water resources more effectively and reasonably. From the environmental point of view, the most perfect measures are water interception and water transfer. Change the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources and make full use of water resources. At the same time, it pays attention to saving water and improving the utilization rate of water resources: in industry, it advocates water-saving industry, controls pollutant discharge and strengthens wastewater treatment; Advanced irrigation methods (sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation) should be adopted in agriculture. Water is the foundation of life, which not only relates to the quality of human life, but also affects human survival ability. We must enhance the awareness of water crisis, cherish water, save water and protect water resources.
2。 "Water Law Publicity Week" and "National Urban Water Saving Publicity Week"
"Water Law Publicity Week", March 22-28.
The development and utilization of water resources and the prevention and control of water disasters are related to the pulse of the country and the people's movement, and water must be controlled, managed and used according to law. 1988, the promulgation of "People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Law" marked that the development and utilization of water resources and the prevention and control of water disasters in China embarked on the legal track. At present, in addition to the Water Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Soil and Water Conservation Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law, Measures for the Implementation of Water Intake Permit System, Regulations on River Management and other laws and regulations, a large number of local laws and regulations have been promulgated, and a relatively scientific and supporting China characteristic water has been established for the first time in the history of China.
In order to overcome the phenomenon of non-compliance with laws and lax enforcement, enhance the people's awareness of water law and legal concept, and consciously use legal means to regulate various water activities, the Ministry of Water Resources of China starts from 1989 and takes July 1 day to July 7 every year as "Water Law Publicity Week". Since the birth of 1993 World Water Day, the Ministry of Water Resources has decided to take March 22nd to March 28th as "Water Law Publicity Week" every year.
"National Urban Water Saving Publicity Week", the week of May 15.
In order to improve urban residents' awareness of water conservation, the week of May 15 is the "National Urban Water Conservation Publicity Week" starting from 1992. Through this activity, it will help improve the society's understanding of the important practical significance and long-term strategic significance of water-saving work; It is conducive to increasing investment in the development, popularization and application of new water-saving technologies, technologies and instruments; It is helpful to improve the comprehensive utilization level of urban water.
On March 22nd, on the occasion of World Water Day, a number of international organizations and institutions issued statements calling on the international community to pay close attention to water safety, ensure that everyone enjoys clean and hygienic drinking water, and ensure the sustained, stable and coordinated development of the country and society.
This year's World Water Day coincides with the "water, the source of life" international ten-year water plan initiated by the United Nations. The plan once again reminds the international community that water is an indispensable basic resource for human survival and social development. Clean drinking water promotes health, reduces disease damage and promotes sustained, stable and coordinated economic and social development.
Water shortage has become a worldwide problem. With the development of urbanization, groundwater in many big cities in the world has been exhausted, and water shortage has also caused serious negative effects on industrial and agricultural production. According to WHO statistics, the lack of clean drinking water can easily lead to cholera, dysentery and various intestinal infectious diseases, and water pollution is the main cause of 7% deaths and diseases in the world. Water shortage has also seriously restricted the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Development Plan to eliminate poverty and promote development. According to the survey of United Nations development agencies, the annual investment of11300 million dollars in infrastructure construction can bring benefits of 84 billion dollars. Therefore, investing in water conservancy construction means investing in health and development.
Today is 13 World Water Day and the first day of 18 China Water Week. Yesterday, in view of the present situation and future construction of water resources in our city, the reporter visited the water conservancy department of our city.
Present situation-water shortage, water pollution and environmental degradation
At present, the most prominent problems of water resources in our city are drought and water shortage, serious water pollution and deterioration of water ecological environment. According to preliminary statistics, in recent years, the city's average annual water consumption is 3.2-3.4 billion cubic meters, while the city's average annual available capacity is 2.24 billion cubic meters, and the average annual water shortage is about 65.438+0 billion cubic meters; The annual discharge of urban and rural sewage in the city is about 583 million cubic meters, and the sewage entering the river is 37.65438+000 million cubic meters, while the discharge reaching the standard is only 65.438+045 million cubic meters; Over the years, the city's economic and social development water mainly depends on over-exploitation of groundwater and sacrifice of environmental water. At present, the annual over-exploitation of groundwater in our city is 1. 1 100 million cubic meters. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is prominent, the water pollution situation is grim, and the water ecological environment is facing serious threats, which has become an important restrictive factor for the economic and social development of our city.
Countermeasures-Take multiple measures simultaneously and make rational use of them
Facing the present situation of water resources in our city, the water conservancy department is actively doing a good job in the comprehensive planning of water resources in the city, building a water network covering the whole city, "North-South allocation and mutual assistance between east and west", and at the same time reasonably determining the water resources allocation scheme in the city to realize the joint dispatch and optimal allocation of water transfer, local surface water, groundwater and reclaimed water.
Liang Li 'an, director of the Municipal Water Resources Bureau, said that in the future, the city will vigorously promote the construction of a water-saving society and gradually establish a water resources management system with water rights management as the core. Strengthen the management of industry water quota, implement the total water consumption control, establish a reasonable water price formation mechanism, actively promote the reform of water-saving technology, and raise the national awareness of water conservation. Emphasize the following two enhancements:
Strengthen water source protection. The water quantity and quality of surface water sources in Gangnan and Huangbizhuang, underground water sources in Hutuo River and Seabuckthorn River and South-to-North Water Transfer Project were monitored. Strict supervision and management of sewage outlets into rivers, effective control of water use and sewage discharge, and vigorous promotion and utilization of reclaimed water in farmland irrigation, river and lake landscape, urban greening, road cleaning, vehicle washing, toilet washing, fire fighting, industrial cooling and washing in accordance with the principle of "high quality water supply and optimal utilization". For groundwater overexploitation area, it is necessary to strictly permit water intake and implement total amount control.
Strengthen the ecological environment construction of soil and water conservation, follow the principle of "prevention first, protection first", and focus on ecological and natural restoration in areas with vast land and sparse population and slight soil erosion, control man-made soil erosion, conserve water sources and increase the utilization of rainwater resources. At the same time, actively promote water control according to law, strengthen unified management of water resources, and establish a national water rights system as soon as possible.
In order to further strengthen the construction of water resources in our city, yesterday, our city held an expert forum to commemorate World Water Day with the theme of "striving to solve water resources problems and ensuring sustainable economic and social development". Relevant experts from provinces and cities put forward insightful suggestions respectively. Li Pingdong, Vice Chairman of CPPCC, attended the forum and delivered a speech.
March 22nd is World Water Day. According to the recommendation of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the 47th United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on 1993 65438+ 10/8, and designated March 22nd as "World Water Day" every year, hoping to promote global water resources management, strengthen water resources protection and alleviate the increasingly serious water shortage problem.
Turning the globe, we can see that most of the earth's surface is blue water, accounting for 70.8%, but it must be pointed out that the fresh water resources of the earth are quite limited. Of all the water resources on the earth, fresh water resources only account for 2.5%, of which 87% are ice and snow in polar ice sheets, alpine glaciers and permafrost regions that are difficult for human beings to use. The freshwater resources available to human beings only account for 0.26% of the total water of the earth. Lack of fresh water resources is an important feature of the earth. Water is the mother of life, which not only breeds life, but also ensures the continuation of life. Perhaps it is for this reason that the United Nations decided the theme of this year's World Water Day as "Water for Life".
The unreasonable distribution of fresh water resources is another feature of the earth. About 65% of water resources are concentrated in nearly 10 countries. At the same time, 80 countries and regions in the world are seriously short of water, and 40% of the world's population lives there. According to the data of the United Nations, there are 1 1 billion people living in water shortage, and 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation facilities. In areas with severe water shortage, villagers' fights, tribal conflicts and even wars between different ethnic groups caused by the competition for water resources are not uncommon.
Precious and limited fresh water resources are eroded and polluted, which is the third feature of the earth. According to the survey of the United Nations, more than 400 billion cubic meters of sewage is discharged every year in the world, and more than 5 trillion cubic meters of water is polluted. Millions of people get sick and die every year because of drinking polluted water. Water pollution not only devours a lot of drinking water resources, but also seriously harms human health in some countries and regions.
In view of the above considerations, the 58th General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a resolution and decided to take 2005-20 15 as the International Decade for Action with the theme of "Water for Life". The contents include enhancing the public's awareness of developing and protecting water resources, strengthening the management of fresh water resources, saving water, reducing pollution, and solving the distribution of water resources through consultation.
Many countries have long recognized the shortage of fresh water resources and adopted a series of measures: some protect water resources through legislation and strengthen the management of fresh water resources; Some adopt advanced technology to improve the reuse rate of water; Some start with raising residents' awareness of water conservation and reducing water consumption; Some increased investment in scientific research and turned their attention to seawater desalination. ...
It should be said that the joint efforts of the international community have greatly enhanced people's awareness of protecting water resources. However, people's achievements in saving water and protecting water resources are far less than the new demand brought by the population growth of the global village and the new damage to water resources caused by people in order to survive. The trend of shortage of fresh water resources has not been reversed.
It should also be pointed out that most water-deficient areas are in developing countries. Limited by the level of development and their own development needs, they are often "powerless" to protect water resources. Therefore, developed countries have an obligation to provide them with more assistance and support. In order to let our children and grandchildren drink clean water, every villager on the earth should take action at once. At the same time, we expect the international community, especially developed countries, to make more commitments and take more actions to developing countries.
China is one of the most water-deficient 13 countries in the world. The per capita freshwater resources are only 1/4 of the world average. The shortage of water resources has become the bottleneck of China's economic development, which can not be ignored. Among the 663 cities in China, more than 400 cities are short of water, and 1 10 cities are seriously short of water, and Beijing is one of them. Beijing diverted water from South to North due to lack of water, which is an open source policy, but the water source is not unlimited. Saving water can delay the speed of rising to the bottleneck. Saving water is a cliche, but a few people cherish it. "Water Resources Protection Ambassadors" Cui Hong, Ren, Li Xiaoxi and Hatu Zhuorike set a conscious example for the citizens-take the road of sustainable development and start from me.