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Whose student is Dworkin?
In Dworkin's life, two people had the most profound influence on him: the late Professor herbert hart and the judge Leonard Hand. Professor herbert hart can be said to be Dworkin's Bole. It was herbert hart who discovered and pushed Dworkin to the position of law professor at Oxford University and became the successor of Professor Hart's philosophy of law. Since then, the debate between them about academic views has not ended until 1992, when Professor Hart drove the crane to the west, which became a great regret of the world philosophy of law. 1955, Dworkin studied philosophy when he was an undergraduate at Oxford University in England, but he thought that besides philosophy, he should learn something else at Oxford, and studying law is the most convenient way. Since then, the idea of being a philosopher has disappeared, and becoming a lawyer in the future has become his hope. While studying in Oxford, Dworkin did not study directly with Hart, but coincidentally, in the year when Dworkin's Oxford study was coming to an end, Hart had to read hundreds of examination papers in order to examine students' law degrees, among which Professor Hart was excited about an American student's answer sheet, and he scored the highest in each examination paper. The reason why a young undergraduate left such a deep impression on Professor Hart is that Professor Hart read the potential challenge to his famous book The Concept of Law from his perspective and felt anxious about it. The name of the student who makes Professor Hart anxious is Ronald Dworkin. 1956- 1957, Professor Hart was invited to pay a one-year visit to Harvard Law School. At that time, Dworkin was studying at Harvard Law School (1955, he went back to Harvard to get an American law degree). Professor Hart is particularly eager to find the student who makes him appreciate and feel anxious. Just before Hart finished his visit to Harvard, he had dinner with Dworkin. 1957 After graduating from Harvard, Dworkin did choose a legal career, but he soon gave up and got a teaching position at Yale University. This is another story. Although Professor Hart didn't reach retirement age until 1974, he announced his retirement decision in 1968 (the little-known reason is explained in detail in "The Life of Hart" written by Lacey, which can be read by interested people). Professor Hart wrote to Dworkin of Yale University and asked him if he was interested in becoming a law professor at Oxford University. Dworkin was surprised at this time, because he had hardly published his works and was still unknown. He didn't even know that Professor Hart cared so much about him. It was Professor Hart's recommendation that made Dworkin, who was only 38 years old, become the successor of Hart's philosophy of law, thus making Dworkin and even western philosophy of law brilliant for a while. From this, we can also deeply feel Professor Hart's noble character, personality charm, persistence in his career and great humanistic feelings of academic tolerance.

Another person who had the greatest influence on Dworkin's early career was Judge Leonard Hand. 1957 After graduating from Harvard, Dworkin went to the Second Circuit Court of new york to be the clerk of Hand, a senior judge who was 87 years old at that time. No one in the court knows how good Dworkin is, but some people know that he is a good clerk of Hand. Hand once saw a shop assistant crossing the river like a fish, but he gave Dworkin a particularly high evaluation. In a letter to Justice Frank Ford, he called Dworkin "a legal clerk who surpassed all legal clerks." Dworkin talked to Judge Hand on his first day at work. They work in the same office. Hand said to Dworkin, "I don't know what I want you to do." Some judges asked their clerks to write the first draft. I don't know how you wrote it I wrote it well myself. " Hand told him that some judges asked his clerk to browse the law. Hand said, "What do I want you to do? Tell you what, I'll tell you what I want you to do, I'll write, you read, and then you tell me what you think. Besides, I'm going to give a speech at Harvard. Why don't you tell me what you think? " Judge Hand will give a speech on the case of 1954 Brown v. Board of Education. In Hande's view, Brown is a wrong judgment, because Hande said that judges should not make value judgments, and value judgments should be left to the legislature. Dworkin supported Judge Hand's judicial restraint attitude towards constitutional interpretation, but he hoped that Hand would give up his view on Brown's case, because in Dworkin's view, if Brown's case was wrongly judged according to Hand's method, there must be something wrong with this method. Although there are only two people in the room, Hand wants to avoid discussing the case. Dworkin told Hand, "You can't treat this case simply." Dworkin and Hand argued endlessly, and finally Dworkin said, "Judge, you didn't say a word about Brown's sentence. In your eyes, it must be wrong. " In the end, Hand moved Justice Frank Ford's opinion out to support his own view, because Justice Hand also held a similar view, and Justice Hand signed a unanimous judgment in the Brown case. He hoped that Justice Hande would recognize this judgment. At the end of the argument between Hande and Dworkin, Judge Hande adopted Dworkin's point of view to a certain extent, but this was not what Dworkin hoped, because Dworkin hoped that Hande would give up his theory. Of course, Dworkin's view is perfect and appropriate for the Constitutional Court to hear cases like the Brown case, because this judgment is based on a wide range of moral principles. Dworkin once said, "I don't agree with everything he said, but as far as argument is concerned, he is a very good person." In addition, Dworkin mentioned a story about himself, his girlfriend Ruth and Judge Hand in his book The Law of Freedom. On the first date, Dworkin must prepare a memo. He asked Ruth to go to the judge's house with him. He swore to Ruth, "It only takes a second." But when Hand opened the door and invited them in, he poured them martinis. Judge Hande talked with Dworkin's girlfriend Ruth for nearly two hours about art history, Hande's old friend bernard berenson, the current situation of Harvard College, the Supreme Court and many other things. When Dworkin and his girlfriend Ruth left Hand's home and walked down the steps of Shi Zhuan, Ruth asked Dworkin, "If I see you often, can I see him often?" Dworkin and Ruth got married at the end of Dworkin's career in 1958. At that time, the legal clerk would enjoy a month's paid vacation at the end of his service, so he asked Judge Hand for a month's leave. However, Hand told Dworkin that holidays could not be given. Although Judge Hand knew that other judges did the same, it was the taxpayer's money. He believes that the government should not give young people paid holidays. He has never done it, and he is not going to start it now. On Dworkin's wedding day, Hand gave Dworkin a personal check of his own, equivalent to the salary paid during the paid holiday. After working as a clerk for Judge Hand for a year, he faced two choices: one was to work as a clerk for Justice Frank Ford, and the other was to go to Sullivan &; Cromwell Law Firm as a lawyer, Dworkin chose the latter. However, the idea of living an academic life has always attracted Dworkin, who eventually became a teacher at Yale University, teaching basic courses in law schools such as conflict law and tax law. It is worth mentioning that at Yale, Dworkin is robert burke's colleague, and they teach the course of economic theory and law together. Years later, when President Reagan nominated Bok as Justice in 1987, Dworkin became an opponent of his former colleagues. He commented: Robert Burke "has no theory at all, no conservative jurisprudence, and only right-wing doctrine dominates his judgment."