In the 65438+60s, Austrian geneticist Mendel put forward the viewpoint that biological characters are controlled by genetic factors, but this is only a logical reasoning.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the geneticist Morgan realized that genes existed on chromosomes and arranged linearly through the genetic experiments of Drosophila, and concluded that chromosomes were gene carriers.
1909, Danish geneticist W. Johansen1859 ~1927 formally put forward the concept of "gene" in his book Principles of Accurate Genetics.
It is found that genes have two characteristics: first, they can faithfully copy themselves to maintain the basic characteristics of organisms; Second, genes can "mutate" and mutate in reproduction.
Extended data:
Principle of DNA technology
Gene (genetic factor) is the material basis of heredity, and it is a specific nucleotide sequence with genetic information on DNA or RNA molecules. Genes transmit genetic information to the next generation through replication, which makes the offspring look similar to their parents.
There are about tens of thousands of genes in human beings, which store all the information about the process of life gestation, growth and apoptosis. Through replication, expression and repair, important physiological processes such as life reproduction, cell division and protein synthesis are completed. All life phenomena such as birth, growth, illness, old age and death of organisms are related to genes. It is also an internal factor that determines human health.
When the fertilized egg or the mother is affected by the environment or heredity, the genome of the offspring will have harmful defects or mutations. Most of them will produce diseases, and in some cases they will be inherited. Also known as genetic disease. Under normal circumstances, life will mutate on the basis of heredity, and these mutations are normal mutations.
Baidu encyclopedia-gene
Baidu encyclopedia-gene technology