To cultivate students' autonomous learning ability, we must also improve teaching methods and guide learning methods in teaching. It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. The key to actively learning knowledge is to teach students learning methods and strategies, so that students can gradually master the correct thinking methods, cultivate their mathematical ability of induction, comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization, and gradually master learning methods, so that students can truly become the masters of learning.

1, let the students do it.

Active and curious are the characteristics of primary school students, who are willing to try anything by themselves. Therefore, according to students' curious and active characteristics, teachers should stimulate students' interest and concentrate their attention through hands-on operation and participation of various senses in teaching. For example, in the activity class "Interesting Tangram", before making Tangram, students are guided to observe the size and position of seven kinds of figures, and then students are allowed to make them according to their own ideas. When doing jigsaw puzzles, first, guide students to observe the figures. After mastering the basic jigsaw essentials, follow the graphic puzzles in the book, and then let the students boldly innovate and spell out their favorite graphics. In the activities, students are fully allowed to operate and cultivate innovative consciousness. For another example, after studying the calculation of the perimeter of rectangles and squares, I asked the students: How many different rectangles can be formed by taking a string with the length of 16 cm? According to what the students have learned, it is concluded that 16 cm is the perimeter of the rectangle to be enclosed, and the perimeter ÷2 is the sum of a length and a width of the rectangle. Then, with the help of the nail board, do it actually, think positively, and express your opinions in combination with group discussion. Everyone's learning enthusiasm is very high, and the classroom atmosphere is very active.

2. Provide space for students to ask questions.

Aristotle once said, "Thinking begins with doubt and surprise". Einstein once said, "It is more important to ask a question than to solve it." A wise teacher should not only take "solving doubts" as his bounden duty, but also play a leading role in the process of students' questioning, and encourage students to boldly ask questions that they don't understand in their studies, so as to finally understand. How to stimulate students' interest, confidence and ability in asking questions is very important. Therefore, in mathematics teaching, we should use all available methods to inspire students to broaden their thinking, think more, think well, question and ask difficult questions. In the process of students asking questions, teachers should first encourage students to dare to ask questions; Secondly, guide students to be good at asking questions; Finally, we should inspire students to learn to solve problems by themselves.

3. Carry out group cooperative learning in teaching activities.

"Group cooperative learning mode" is an important way to achieve this goal. "New Curriculum Standard" clearly points out: "Effective mathematics learning activities can't rely solely on imitation and memory. Hands-on practice, independent exploration and cooperative communication are important ways for students to learn mathematics." Therefore, group cooperative learning is the requirement of mathematics teaching activities endowed by the times. Effective group cooperative learning activities in mathematics teaching can cultivate students' good cooperative learning habits. Such as: the habit of thinking seriously, speaking actively, listening to others' opinions with an open mind, practicing actively and operating by hands.