This is the test paper sent to us by our teacher. Even if we don't adopt it, we should read it. I have written for a long time

Chinese reading problem-solving skills

1. Summarize the main points

1. Quote the original sentence in the text as the answer. 2. Select the important words and sentences in the text and combine them into answers. 3. Divide the relevant content levels. Generally, there are several points in several levels.

second, the feeling enlightens the class

1. Grasp the center of the paragraph, understand the meaning of the paragraph, and contact the center to answer. 2, contact yourself or the actual situation of the society, causing feelings. 3, choose words and sentences, pay attention to three beauties: use ancient poems and famous sayings; Appropriate use of contrast, metaphor, parallelism and other rhetoric; Use idioms. 4. Stealing the column: reinterpret the author's experience and viewpoint in this article in his own words.

3. Word taste category

1. Word taste: a. Try to figure out the joys and sorrows expressed by words. B。 Analyze rhetorical devices and understand the implied meaning of words.

2. Sentence taste: A. See if the sentence is philosophical: if it is. You can learn from the enlightenment it brings you.

B, look at the sentence structure (different sentences have different expression effects): the declarative sentence has a stable tone and is tepid; Questions can attract readers' curiosity and create suspense; Rhetorical questions can strengthen language potential; Exclamation sentences can express strong feelings; The parallelism sentence is deep and magnificent.

C, from the perspective of rhetoric: metaphor makes the meaning easy to understand and concrete; Exaggeration can highlight the characteristics of things; Personification can make things vivid; Contrast gives a vivid impression; Irony is humorous and ironic.

Fourth, the first-instance rhetoric of sentence imitation, second, the sentence pattern, third, the relationship between sentences, fourth, the style color, fifth, the words to be preserved and the words to be replaced. Rhetoric, sentence patterns, relationships between sentences, and stylistic colors are understood, and it is not difficult to imitate them again. In the absence of answering ideas, we should consider the words that are relative to and the same as the key words of the example, for example, the imitation of the sentence "Without the openness of the blue sky, there can be leisure of white clouds". Through the examination of the questions, we can know that: 1. We should keep "there is no ………………" 2. We can consider replacing the blue sky with "earth, mountains and oceans". 3. Get the answer: "Without the vastness of the ocean, there can be the surging of the river; Without the rushing river, there can be a clear stream; Without the preciseness of mountains, you can have the exquisiteness of mounds; Without the brightness of high-rise buildings, there can be the warmth of straw houses "and so on.

V. Paragraph structure category

(1) It is required to understand the important paragraphs of the article and understand their functions in the full text.

Class problem-solving mode: Look at the position of a sentence or paragraph in the text and choose its function category in the text. If it is used at the beginning of the article, it mainly leads to the following, always leads to the full text, leads to suspense, comes straight to the point, points to the point, ambush pen and so on. If it is used in the middle of the article, it is mainly: connecting the preceding with the following, summarizing the above and leading to the following. If it is used at the end of the article, it mainly includes: summarizing the full text, taking care of the beginning (topic), pointing out the center, deepening the main idea of the article and so on.

(2) Summary: (1) The main content of the narrative text: grasping six elements. (2) Argumentative paragraphs: grasp the first sentence and key sentences of the paragraph.

VI. Add examples according to the ideas put forward in the passage

Be sure to see clearly what kind of examples you want to give, celebrities or others. 1. You can cite celebrity examples, which are more convincing and can show your knowledge, but you must write accurate figures and events, and avoid being arrogant. 2, you can also cite examples of people, you can make them up, but you should pay attention to the sense of reality, and don't exaggerate them too much, so that people will know that they are making them up at a glance.

VII. Introduction of Argument:

1. Argument: It refers to the opinions and opinions that the author wants to express about the things or problems discussed.

(1) come straight to the point and put forward the central argument.

(2) ask questions about the phenomenon. Then put forward the central argument.

(3) Put forward an argument based on a life case that you have experienced personally.

(4) ask questions from the story, and then put forward arguments

(5) put forward the central argument in some way. For example: metaphor, contrast and so on.

the expression sentence pattern of an argument: the expression form of an argument is often in the form of an affirmative or negative judgment sentence, which must be a clear statement sentence, which can be a single sentence or a complex sentence.

2. The position of the argument: A is often placed at the beginning of the article, B is placed in the middle of the article, C is placed at the end of the article, D title is put forward directly, and E is not directly reflected in the article, which is for readers to summarize.

3. Types of arguments.

arguments include: central arguments and sub-arguments. Argumentative essays in junior high schools generally have only one central argument.

4. Common questions in the exam:

① How is the argument put forward? ② Summarize and find out the argument or central argument of the article.

5. Make clear the methods and steps of analyzing the argument: first, we should perceive the text as a whole, summarize the main points paragraph by paragraph (grasp the key words), have a general understanding of the content of the article, and then make a concrete analysis: (1) Pay attention to the general position of the argument. Argument is the author's opinions and opinions on the discussed issues, that is, the views to be proved by the article. The position of the argument in the article often depends on the author's discussion needs, in other words, the author must consider the position of the argument carefully, reasonably and effectively in order to prove the argument better. Generally, there are the following types: 1. Look at the title. The title of an argumentative paper sometimes reveals the topic and sometimes the argument. Whether it reveals the topic or the argument, it is helpful for us to find the argument. 2. Look at the beginning. For the method of writing, start with the topic. Examine the first paragraph of the article and catch the sentences that mention the full text. 3. Look at the end. At the end of the article, the author often summarizes the contents of the full text, sometimes kickbacks the center, and sometimes reveals the center at the end. (2) examine the topic. By reading clearly what the topic of the article is, we can still grasp the topic of the article, and then what the author's views and opinions are in this topic. In this way, the author's point of view will be clearer. (3) counter the inference point through arguments. In order to better illustrate the truth, the author often uses arguments to prove his point of view. That is, grasp the facts or road arguments used in the article to prove it, especially the words expounded by the author, which can often help you understand.

VIII. Arguments-facts and reasons used to prove arguments.

1. types of arguments: ① factual arguments-including historical facts, stories, real-life examples, social phenomena, etc. (2) Rationality argument-Road argument refers to the correct theory that has been tested by people's practice and recognized by society, including social science theories, such as philosophy theory, natural science principles, theorems, formulas, proverbs, aphorisms, poems and so on.

2. The function of argument: Whether it is truth argument or fact argument, their function in argumentative writing is used to prove the argument. -This is the general idea.

Common exam forms: 1. Supplement the arguments consistent with the arguments. (This requires students to: a) master a comprehensive argument; b) think about whether this argument conforms to this argument. ) 2. Judge whether a paragraph or sentence is a factual argument or a rational argument. 3. The role of arguments.

IX. Argument-is a method to prove an argument by using arguments.

Argumentation techniques and their functions: 1. Demonstration with examples: Using specific examples, the opinions or arguments of ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× (The point of view is to find a sentence that focuses on discussion from the context, or to summarize it in the original words or by yourself.) 2. Reasoning argument: quoting famous sayings is authoritative and powerfully demonstrates XX's point of view or argument. 3. Metaphorical argument: it is easy to understand and vividly proves the views or arguments of XX. 4. Contrastive argument: It clearly demonstrates the views or arguments of XX. (Note: When answering the function of argumentation method, consider the content first, and then consider it from the angle of argumentation. A strong argument is essential. When looking for an argument method, the order of analogy argument, contrast argument, example argument and reason argument can be foolproof. )

1. What are the arguments? There are only two kinds: case arguments and reason arguments

11. The law of answering questions at the beginning of an argumentative paper

Generally, the beginning has three functions, but it depends on how to start.

(1) (citing phenomena in life or quoting poems from scenes in life, etc.) Enhance the vividness of the article and attract readers

(2) Lead to the following discussion (thinking, opinions, arguments, topics)

(3) What arguments are used to prove the argument.

XII. Functions of environmental description:

1. Main functions of social environmental description: ① Explain the background of the work. (2) In the answer, it is necessary to combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant statements of environmental description in the passage.

2. The main functions of the description of natural environment: ① To set off and render the atmosphere of ××, which lays the foundation for the following. (2) show the mood of the character ××. ③ Suggest the social environment. Combining with the specific context: setting the background of ×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

the role of environmental description can be judged from the following six situations: whether it highlights the mood of the characters, whether it exaggerates the atmosphere, whether it sets the background, whether it highlights the characters, whether it deepens the theme and whether it promotes the development of the plot.

XIII. Functions of expressions

Common expressions are as follows: narration, description, discussion, explanation and lyricism

Discussion in narration: pointing out the center or sublimating the theme

XIV. Techniques of shaping characters and their functions

Techniques of shaping characters include: language, action, appearance (expression, portrait) and psychology (expression, portrait, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression

answer method: this paragraph uses the description technique of ××, shapes the image of ×× (if the profile description is used as a foil), shows the physique of ××, and embodies the spiritual quality of ××.

15. The category of judging the object to which the demonstrative pronoun refers

1. The demonstrative pronouns frequently tested are: this, that, these, those, other, above, so, this ...;

2. Generally, look forward;

3. After finding it, read it in the sentence where the pronoun is located to see if it is appropriate and smooth. Keep in mind: 1. Find out the attitude or tendency you have in the stem. If it is negative, use the answer method of first reversing and then correcting to avoid missing the main points; If the questions you encounter are in a positive form, use a positive answer. 2. Find out the composition form of the stem language and determine the answer language form. The structure of the stem is the external form of ideographic meaning, which implies what the meaning of the sentence is composed of. Analyzing the structure can prompt candidates how to organize the language when answering questions. 3. Find out the author's words and the proposer's words in the topic, which are generally the objects that students should understand and analyze, while the proposer's words generally play a role in guiding students to clearly answer the key points or provide restrictive conditions. 4. Change implication into directness, and change differentiation into generalization. Modern Chinese reading materials in the college entrance examination are mostly prose, and the language not only has rich connotations, but also pays great attention to artistic skills. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are vivid and delicate, and some are concrete. Sentences with these characteristics have always been the focus of examination in the college entrance examination. When organizing the answer, we should first integrate the relevant information in the text, find out the similarities and differences of the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the concrete and visualized sentences with the same information in the text to transform these concrete and visualized languages into abstract and general languages, which is the required answer. 5. Choose, refine and integrate sentences from the original text. The purpose of modern text reading is to grasp and understand the information that the author wants to convey in the text. Therefore, we should understand the works according to the author's ideas and look for answers from the original text. However, it is not extracted directly, and sometimes it is rewritten on the basis of words or sentences in the article, and sometimes it is required to take a comprehensive look at the full text and extract relevant information from each paragraph to integrate it. This kind of questions appear most in the college entrance examination. In addition, it is necessary to find out the common noun terms in the test questions.