I. Childhood

Beethoven's grandfather and father were both court singers. Many times, his father was so drunk that he was not very good to his family, and he didn't even care whether his family had enough food and clothes. At first, the kind grandfather saved the family from too much suffering, and it might make him happy to see the great grandson's talent in music. But Beethoven died when he was only four.

Beethoven's father used to drag the child to the keyboard and make him practice hard for hours, slapping him whenever he played wrongly. Neighbors often hear children sobbing to sleep because of fatigue and pain. Soon, Faifr, a poor traveling musician, came to this town and was taken to Beethoven's house. He and old Beethoven drank in the hotel outside in the middle of the night, and then went home to take little Ludwig down to class, and sometimes the class didn't finish until dawn.

In order to make him look like a child prodigy, his father lied about his age, so when he was eight years old, he took him out to a concert as a six-year-old child. But genius is born, not made. Despite all the hardships, the old Beethoven never turned his son into another young Mozart.

Compared with Mozart, Beethoven's childhood was much less fortunate. First of all, Mozart received a good education, and his training time was pleasant and quiet, with a loving father and a beloved sister, while Beethoven was not. Although his performance has won the respect of his hometown, his performance in traveling around the world is not wonderful enough.

Second, the mentor.

The father took the boy from one teacher to another and asked him to learn different musical instruments and the art of composing music. None of these teachers was good until he fell into the hands of court pianist and manager of Bonn Opera House. He is an excellent music teacher and a friendly and well-educated young man. This is a blessing for Beethoven. But although Bonn has the best schools-even the kind old Bach would be happy to send many of his children to study-Beethoven's father never thought it worthwhile to send Beethoven to study for more than two or three months, because studying is not as good as learning music to make money.

For the first time in his life, young Beethoven found class enjoyable. Teacher neffei is very kind to him, not only teaching music, but also teaching him many other things in the world. In order to pay for his tuition, Beethoven took the place of his teacher as an organist when Mr. Niffe was busy or left town. When he was fourteen years old, he was appointed as an assistant court organist and an ancient pianist in the theater. How happy the unfortunate father is to see his son's music finally make some money!

Three. Visit Mozart

Around this time, he visited Vienna for the first time and played for his favorite idol Mozart. Mozart thought that the child was just playing a technical exhibit that had been practiced for a long time for this occasion. He just praised him politely and coldly. Beethoven was very angry and asked him to give him a theme, and then he improvised on it with so much emotion and genius. Mozart went to the door of the next room and told a group of friends gathered inside, "Pay attention to this young man," he shouted, "One day the whole world will hear him!"

Fourth, Beethoven and Haydn.

Beethoven finally realized that he couldn't make progress in his hometown, so he decided to try his luck in Vienna again. By this time Mozart had died, but Haydn's old father had just won his first victory in London and was at the peak of his reputation. When passing through Bonn, Haydn once heard and appreciated a chorus of Beethoven, so Beethoven first turned to Haydn to study.

Haydn has passed the first stage of his youth, and he has worked harder than ever to create and direct his greatest works. No wonder he doesn't have much time and energy to correct the paper. Since he asked students to pay only 20 cents per class, he probably didn't think it necessary to spend too much time practicing manuscript paper. But Beethoven was angry when he found some uncorrected mistakes in his exercises.

When the old teacher went to London for the second time, Beethoven turned to a teacher with low talent but strict teaching counterpoint. Later, he often announced loudly that he had learned nothing from Haydn. Soon, he will gradually feel that if he didn't get anything from the correction exercise, he got inspiration from Haydn because he dedicated his first piano sonata to Haydn. When Haydn appeared on the stage for the last time to perform Genesis, he was helped out by several servants. Beethoven bent down and kissed the weak old man kindly.

Five, go your own way

Beethoven didn't want to be the darling of the living room. He would rather stay in his own residence and be able to get in and out, get up, dress and eat at will. He likes to fiddle with trifles in the room according to his own interests; Once, in order to ventilate the air and see the scenery outside the window, the No.3 window was deliberately cut off.

He is always in trouble with the landlords and always walks around. Whenever he is in the upsurge of composing music, he always pours pots of water on his head to cool down until the water soaks through the downstairs room-we can imagine the mood of the landlord and other tenants! Sometimes he moves so often that he doesn't even want to worry about putting his legs on the piano, but sits on the floor and plays. Because he has to sign a lease every time he rents a new house, indicating the lease period, he often pays the rent of four apartments at the same time. This is probably why he never smokes much although he earns a lot of money.

Six, deafness

When he first learned that he was really going deaf, he was desperate. Life doesn't seem worth living. For a musician, it is the most unfortunate thing among all misfortunes, even worse than blindness. At first, only a few old friends, such as Dr. Wigler and Stephen von Braeuning, knew about his misfortune. He gave up going to the palace to listen to the cheerful concert he liked very much. He was afraid that people would notice his deafness and thought that an deaf musician could not write a good work. Then he remembered all the songs he wanted to write and said, "I'm going to hold my destiny by the throat!" " "Maybe it's not as difficult for him to create music while he is deaf as other musicians. For him, music is more than just arranging sweet sounds into various themes or sound patterns; It is also a language that expresses the deepest thoughts.

Beethoven and his friends

No musician has so many successful days or so few happy days in his life. His friends are kind and loyal, but his deafness estranged him from them. Even his hearing AIDS often disappoint him, so the only way for him to keep in touch with them is through the "talking book" and pencil he often carries with him. He saw them talking to each other and thought they were always talking about him, speaking ill of him and plotting against him. One day he wrote, "Never show your face in front of me again. You are a mean dog, a dishonest guy. "

The next day, when he finds that his doubts are wrong and his friends are sincere, he will write another note: "Dear friend, you are an honest man and you are right. I understand now. So come to my house this afternoon. Accept your Beethoven love. " And his friends-what nice people they are! Always forgive his rough quarrel and get along with him until the end.

His family life was miserable from beginning to end. He has never been married. When he first came to Vienna, he proposed to his hometown singer Magdalene willman, but she refused because Beethoven was "so ugly". From then on, he fell in love with several aristocratic women-lovely women with lovely names-and he poured out his feelings to them with music, but they accepted his music and refused his love.

Beethoven profile

Beethoven is a German composer, and his ancestral home is Flanders. Born in Bonn, his grandfather and father both worked for the Elector of Cologne. His alcoholic father forced him to practice keyboard instruments for a long time, hoping to become a Mozart prodigy. He dropped out of school at the age of 1 1. At the age of thirteen, he worked as a harpsichord player in the court band (conducted by his wife), a second organ player in the court at the age of fourteen, and a viola player in the opera band at the age of eighteen. Beethoven and other court musicians were invited to the party. Later, 1792 Beethoven was allowed to go to Vienna to learn from Haydn, and then settled in Vienna. Before that, Beethoven went to Vienna to study under Mozart, but his mother was seriously ill in 1787. I haven't studied with Haydn for a long time, so teachers and students can't cooperate. After studying with Albrechtsberg, salieri and Schenk, Beethoven made his debut as a composer and pianist in Vienna on 1975, playing piano concerto in B flat major, Op. 9. Although he has deep friendship with many nobles, such as Count Wahlstam and Archduke Rudolph, he is willing to accept personal assistance. However, he opposed the sponsorship system of18th century that bound musicians to one employer. As a freelance musician in Vienna, his situation is better than Mozart's, but he is troubled by his personal relationship. Hard of hearing is becoming more and more serious. 1802, when he realized that his deafness could not be cured, he wrote a touching "Heiligenstadt will" and planned to commit suicide. Strangely, this is the time when he wrote the clearest symphony, Symphony No.2 in D major. In the next few years, he realized that he had no hope of becoming a great performer, so he devoted himself to writing. His struggle against suffering was reflected in the symphony Hero (1804), which was the largest and most influential symphony at that time.

He has never been married (although he keeps falling in love with some rich girls), and his loneliness is getting more and more serious. As the guardian of the incompetent nephew Carl, worrying about the children didn't improve his temper. His behavior is extremely rude and his relationship with the publisher tends to be tense. By 18 19, he was completely deaf. In the last stage of his life, he wrote some of the greatest and most thoughtful works: the last five string quartets, the last five piano sonatas, the ninth symphony and the solemn mass. In these works, he broke away from the pain of his personal life and entered the future art field. Although these works had great influence on later generations, they were not understood at that time. The Ninth Symphony is one of the main sources of Wagner's inspiration. The string quartet influenced Bartok; Sir Michael Kemp Tippett claimed that he benefited a lot from Beethoven's other piano sonatas. 1826, Beethoven's health became worse and worse after his nephew attempted suicide. The next year, when he was bedridden, London Philharmonic Orchestra sent a check for 100, which prompted him to write the tenth symphony mentally, but he had to go further. The doctor diagnosed edema as the cause of his sudden death.

Beethoven's creation is not a stroke of a pen, he tirelessly revised the draft until he was satisfied. His sympathy for the free thought at that time was manifested in Egmont, Federio, Symphony No.9 and other works. Before the French Revolution, it was inconceivable that a composer would have such an outlook on life. In this respect, Beethoven was the first great "subjective" composer: Piano Concerto in C minor written in 1800 marked the dawn of the new century, showing an objective and completely different musical attitude from that in the classical period. The only opera he produced, Federico, consumed more energy than other works. He is not a born opera composer. He refused to write an opera for Vienna every year, but he created one of the greatest masterpieces of opera. Ferrario put forward Beethoven's most cherished belief. A loyal and brave wife saved her husband from being executed by Spanish oppressors. This theme is even more exciting because it was developed on the simple background of German opera. Federio and The Magic Flute (it is said that this is the only opera that Beethoven really appreciates) have become the cornerstones of German opera repertoire, but the universality of their themes transcends the nationality of music, so Federio is increasingly recognized as a symbol of love and freedom all over the world.

Many of Beethoven's works, especially his mid-term works (such as Sonata for Passion), all reflect his violent and violent character and often reflect his dissatisfaction with the status quo. He opposes conservatism, but his works also have profound sincerity and simple simplicity. His unrestrained thinking made him unable to tolerate technical limitations. In his works, he can have no pity for human voices and musical instruments. For example, the string quartet "Tian Fu Ge", the last movement of the ninth symphony and the solemn mass. On the other hand, some of his slow movements have what Germans call a sincere and cordial sense of silence, revealing the other side of the composer. Perhaps the best examples of this kind of music are Symphony No.9 and String Quartet in A minor, and slow motion in Op. 132.

1770 12 16 was born in Bonn, a small town on the Rhine, not far from the French border. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Palace Band, and his father is a singer in the choir. Beethoven's father was eager to train him to be the second Mozart, and forced him to learn piano and violin at an early age. By the age of 12, he had been able to play freely, and he also worked as an assistant to the organist Nie Fei. Among his early music teachers, only Nie Fei really broadened the young Beethoven's artistic vision and learned some excellent piano works by Bach and his son. In addition, he managed to guide him to Vienna to seek Mozart's advice. He studied under Mozart, Haydn, Albuquerque and salieri in Vienna. Although it was short, it left a deep impression on the teachers: after listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day, and Haydn immediately noticed Beethoven's unique independent personality and opinions.

1789, the famous bourgeois democratic revolution broke out in France, and this storm quickly swept across Europe. Beethoven, who was only 19 years old at that time, was an observer of Bonn University. The news of the victory of the revolution caused cheers everywhere on campus and in society.

Voice, the ideal of "freedom, equality and fraternity" left a deep imprint on young Beethoven until his life. It can be said that without the French Revolution of 1789, there would be no brilliant Beethoven.

Beethoven's creation can be roughly divided into three periods. His early works (1792-1802) are famous for Pathetique, Moonlight, Croce Sonata and Piano Concerto No.3.. During this period, he had a better understanding of social and political issues and was able to achieve the goal he tried to explore. Since then, his creation has entered a mature stage.

In the middle period (1803- 18 17), he created a large number of excellent works-the third to eighth symphonies, the fourth and fifth piano concertos, the violin concerto Dawn and the passionate piano sonata, the music of the opera Federio and the tragedy Egmont. His creation in this period began with the third symphony (Hero), which determined the overall characteristics of his creation in this period: he took the idea of heroic struggle as the general idea of these works, reflecting all aspects of heroic life; These works are full of ardent confidence in human reason and strength, and clarify the purpose of life and the way to realize it. These works can be classified as great achievements of world art and culture.

From 18 18, in the last 10 year of Beethoven's life, he created some original works, including some piano sonatas and string quartets, solemn mass, and the Ninth Symphony, which summarized his life's creative activities.

Beethoven is one of the great writers in the history of world art. His creation embodies his giant character and reflects the progressive thought of his time. His image of revolutionary heroism can be expressed as "through suffering-towards joy; Through struggle-towards victory. " His works, from simple songs to the most complicated symphonies, have various connections with folk music. His works are magnificent, concise and distinctive, rich in music content, extremely novel and full of grandeur.

Interviewee: Authentic Encyclopedia-Juren Level 5 4-2 20:47

Beethoven (1770- 1827) was born in Bonn. He has studied piano since he was a child. 1787, he went to Vienna to learn composition from Haydn and met Mozart. Beethoven lived in the era of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars and the Vienna system, and European democracy and national consciousness were rising day by day. His works reflect the characteristics of these times, either praising heroes or opposing feudalism and striving for democracy, freedom and a bright future. His main works are Sonata of Sorrow, Sonata of Moonlight, Symphony of Destiny (the fifth symphony) and Symphony of Chorus (the ninth symphony). Beethoven's old age was very bleak, and he died in poverty and disease. However, people cannot forget him. 1827 On March 29th, when Beethoven's funeral was held, more than 2,000 people attended the escort. Beethoven's most important contribution to music is symphony, so he is known as "the king of symphony".

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is a great German composer and one of the representatives of Vienna Classical Music School. Beethoven1770 65438+February 16 was born in Bonn, a small town near France on the Rhine. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Court Orchestra, and his father is the court tenor. Beethoven showed his musical genius in his early years. His father is eager to train him to be a genius like Mozart. He was forced to learn piano and violin in his early years. At the age of eight, he began to perform in concerts and tried to compose music. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic.

All the information of Beethoven

First, the heroic symphony

Beethoven's heart is full of ideals of freedom, equality and universal love. He is an enthusiastic supporter of 1789 French bourgeois revolution. 1798, General Bernadotte (1763- 1844) became the French ambassador to Vienna. Beethoven often visited his home and kept close contact with people around him. 1802, Beethoven began to compose the third symphony dedicated to Napoleon at the suggestion of Bernadotte. In his mind, Napoleon was a hero who destroyed the autocratic system and realized his ideal. 1804, Beethoven completed the third symphony. Just as he was preparing to dedicate it to Napoleon, the news that Napoleon proclaimed himself reached Vienna.

When Beethoven learned the news from the student Lisi (1784- 1838), he roared angrily: "He is just an ordinary person. Now he will trample on human rights to show his personal ambition. He will ride on everyone's head and become a tyrant! " As he spoke, he went to the table and tore up the dedication to Napoleon and threw it on the ground. No one was allowed to pick it up. After many days, Beethoven's anger gradually subsided and he was allowed to make this work public. 1804 65438+February, this symphony was first performed in the court of Prince Rob Kovitz in Vienna. 1The first public performance in Vienna Theatre in April, 805 was conducted by Beethoven himself. The program reads: "A new symphony in D major by Mr. Ludwig van Beethoven is dedicated to His Royal Highness Prince Robert Kovitz." Strangely, Beethoven said that it was not in E flat major, but in D flat major. When the music score was published in June 1806, the title page was printed with: Heroic Symphony in Memory of Great Men. Since then, the third symphony has been called the heroic symphony.

Second, the symphony of destiny.

The first four notes of Beethoven's Symphony in C Minor (Op.67) are as strong and heavy as the knocking of fate. This work is therefore called "Symphony of Destiny". The symphony of destiny was written from 1805 to 1808. Beethoven wrote a letter to his friend Wegele (1765- 1808) in June of12008. He has said, "I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never overwhelm me completely!" The knock of fate appeared in the third movement of Piano Sonata in C minor (Op. 10) written by 1798, and later appeared in the third movement of String Quartet in D major (Op. 18 No.3) and Sonata for Passion (Op.57). The passion for struggle shown in the Symphony of Destiny has a strong appeal. Mary Boland, a Spanish alto, was scared to death when she first listened to the Symphony of Destiny and had to leave. The old guard Napoleon heard the main melody at the beginning of the fourth movement and couldn't help jumping up and shouting, "This is the emperor!" " Berlioz regarded the thrilling struggle scene in the Symphony of Destiny as "Othello's terrible rage when he listened to the slanderers of the ego and mistakenly thought Desdemona had an affair." Schumann said, "Although you often hear this symphony, it always has a constant power for you-just like natural phenomena always scare people. "1In May and June of 830, Mendelssohn stayed in Weimar for two weeks, saw Goethe for the last time, and played famous works in ancient and modern times for him on the piano. Goethe was very excited after listening to the first movement of the symphony of destiny. He said: "This is magnificent and thrilling, and it almost collapses the house. I wonder what will happen if many people play together. "184 1 March, Engels listened to the performance of the symphony of destiny. In a letter to his sister, he praised the work and said, "If you don't know this wonderful thing, then you have never heard anything in your life." He said that in the first movement, he heard "that kind of complete despair and sorrow, that kind of sad pain"; In the second movement, I heard "tender sorrow of love"; The third and fourth movements, "the joy of strength, youth and freedom expressed by the trumpet" are so inspiring. Engels revealed the essence of the Symphony of Destiny in a few short sentences.

Beethoven's symphony of destiny

Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny Beethoven's Symphony in C minor (Op. 67) begins with four notes, which are as strong and heavy as the knocking sound of fate. This work is therefore called the symphony of destiny.

Beethoven's symphony of destiny was written from 1805 to 1808. Beethoven wrote a letter to his friend Wegele (1765- 1808) in June of12008. He has said, "I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never overwhelm me completely!" The Knock of Fate appeared in the third movement of Piano Sonata in C minor (Op. 10) written by 1798, and later appeared in the third movement of String Quartet in D major (Op. 18 3) and Sonata for Passion (Op. 57).

Beethoven's symphony of destiny is full of enthusiasm for struggle and has strong appeal. Spanish contralto Mary Boland had to leave when she first listened to Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny. The old guard Napoleon heard the main melody at the beginning of the fourth movement and couldn't help jumping up and shouting, "This is the emperor!" " "

Berlioz regarded the thrilling struggle scene in Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny as "Othello listened to the slanderers of the ego and mistook Desdemona for the terrible rage when she committed adultery."

Schumann said: "Although you often hear this symphony, it always has a constant power for you-just like natural phenomena always scare people."

1830 In May and June, Mendelssohn stayed in Weimar for two weeks, and saw Goethe for the last time, and played masterpieces of ancient and modern times for him on the piano. Goethe was very excited after listening to the first movement of the symphony of destiny. He said: "This is magnificent and thrilling, and it almost collapses the house. If many people play together, I don't know what will happen. "

184 1 In March, Engels listened to Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny. In a letter to his sister, he praised the work and said, "If you don't know this wonderful thing, you have never heard anything in your life." He said that in the first movement, he heard "that kind of complete despair and sorrow, that kind of sad pain"; In the second movement, I heard "tender sorrow of love"; The third and fourth movements "The strong, young and free joy expressed by the trumpet" are so inspiring. Engels revealed the essence of Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny in a few short sentences.

Chinese translation

Ah! Friend, why do you want to play the same old tune!

Or let our songs ring.

Join the happy chorus!

Happy, happy, happy goddess is sacred and beautiful.

Brilliant light shines on the earth!

Our hearts are full of enthusiasm.

Come to your temple!

Your power can make people

Eliminate all differences,

Under your dazzling light

All men are brothers within the four seas.

Who can be faithful friends,

Give noble friendship,

Who can get happy love,

Come and get together with everyone.

True love

Go find a bosom friend!

If there is no such intention.

I had to make him cry.

In this beautiful land

Everything in the universe is happy;

All people are good and evil.

Everyone has been blessed.

It gives us love wine,

Live and die together like good friends;

It makes all people enjoy happiness.

Angels also sing loudly.

Happy, running like the sun.

In that magnificent sky.

My friend, go ahead,

Joy is like a hero who goes to war.

Hundreds of millions of people unite!

Everyone loves each other!

My friends, in that sky,

The loving God will take care of us.

Hundreds of millions of people sincerely worship,

Worship the loving God.

Ah, looking for him among the stars,

God is in the sky.

The Ode to Joy

"The goddess of joy, holy and beautiful, the bright sun shines on the earth; We came to your temple with enthusiasm; Your power can make people eliminate all differences; Under your brilliance, people are United as brothers. "

I believe everyone still remembers that there is such a gentle piece of music "Ode to Joy" in the music textbook of primary school. When I went out this morning, I suddenly heard a flute ensemble from a primary school. It's Ode to Joy. I forgot to hurry and naturally hummed the lyrics of that year. Simple but powerful lyrics.

All along, I only know that Ode to Joy was written by Beethoven, but I don't know that the master wrote it for Schiller's poem Ode to Joy. I searched some information on the Internet, and it took me a lot of effort to read it.

Ode to Joy is a part of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. In May, the audience applauded five times for the first time. 1824. Beethoven, who was deaf at that time, did not feel the enthusiasm of the audience until the contralto singer Hongre pulled him to face the audience. Moreover, when the Berlin Wall was demolished in 1989, the conductor Bernstein led European elite musicians to play the Ninth Symphony by the wall, which moved the audience all over the world to tears. It is conceivable that "Ode to Joy" brought people the purest joy, so much so that they cried with joy.

In the days of God, there will never be crying. God finally created man, but no one has such feelings. People naturally don't know that when they cry, it also represents joy. Let's listen to Ode to Joy again. Even in rainy days, music will shed sunlight on the earth.