The second volume of Chinese materials for the fourth grade of primary school published by the People's Education Press
Summary of analysis of ancient poems in Lesson 1
1. Ancient poem - "Sitting Alone on Jingting Mountain" (Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty) --- expresses the loneliness and loneliness caused by the poet's unrecognized talent.
① Verse: All the birds are flying high, and the lonely cloud is alone. I never get tired of seeing each other, only Jingting Mountain.
②Poetry: Many birds flew high and far away, out of sight, and a white cloud floated leisurely alone. At this moment, only Jingtingshan and I are staring at each other, and we can’t get enough of each other.
2. The ancient poem "Looking at Dongting" (Liu Yuxi, Tang Dynasty) expresses the poet's love and praise for the beautiful scenery of Dongting.
① Verse: The lake and the moon are harmonious, and there is no windshield on the lake surface that has not been polished. Looking at the green mountains and rivers of Dongting in the distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate.
②Poetry: On an autumn night, the moonlight is like water, and the water reflects the moonlight. The two merge together and appear very harmonious. There was no wind at all on the lake, and the surface of the lake was hazy, like an unpolished bronze mirror. Looking from a distance, the colors of Dongting Lake and Junshan Mountain look like green snails held on a silver plate.
3. The poem - "Recalling Jiangnan" (Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty) - expresses the poet's praise and nostalgia for the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan.
①Poetry: Jiangnan is good, the scenery is familiar to me. When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the water on the river is as green as blue. Can you not remember Jiangnan?
② Meaning of the word: The scenery in Jiangnan is so beautiful, the picturesque scenery has been familiar for a long time. When the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the riverside are redder. When spring comes, the green river water looks like blue grass. How can one not miss Jiangnan?
4. A collection of famous ancient poems
① I never get tired of seeing each other, only Jingting Mountain.
②Looking at the green mountains and rivers of Dongting from a distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate.
③When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue.
5. Rhetorical techniques in ancient poetry
①Personification: I never get tired of seeing each other, only Jingting Mountain.
②Contrast: When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue.
③Metaphor:
There is no wind mirror on the surface of the pond and it has not been polished - Compare (the surface of the pond) to (the mirror that has not been polished).
Looking at the green mountains and rivers of Dongting from a distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate - compare (Dongting Lake) to the (silver plate); compare (Junshan) to the (green snail).
6. Similarities and differences in ancient poems
Sameness:
1. The authors are from the same dynasty (both were written by Tang Dynasty poets)
2. The scenery and location are the same (both belong to the south of the Yangtze River)
3. The content of the poems is the same (both describe scenery, and both describe the scenery lyrically)
Differences:
1. Genre and form Different (the first two poems are poems, and the latter one is lyrics)
2. The poets have different emotions (the first poem describes the scenery in a cold tone, while the latter two poems are passionate about the scene and express the emotions.)
< p>3. Different expression techniques (the first song mainly uses personification, the second song is very clever in metaphor, and the third song is very contrasting.)7. Ancient poetry imagination
I was sitting alone in the Jingting Mountain. The environment here was quiet. Suddenly, a few chirping birds flew across the sky, flying farther and farther until they disappeared without a trace. The lonely clouds floating in the sky were unwilling to stay, and slowly drifted farther and farther away. I am the only one looking at the tall Jingting Mountain, and Jingting Mountain is also watching me silently, and neither of us will feel bored. Who can understand my lonely mood at this time, only this beautiful Jingting Mountain.
On a moonlit night in autumn, I walked by Dongting Lake and looked at Dongting Lake in the distance. The silver moonlight shone on the mirror-level lake, and the soft moonlight merged with the lake water. The entire lake seemed to be shrouded in a veil. In the haze, Junshan looked like a green snail on a silver plate. It was very endearing. I was intoxicated by this charming scenery.
When spring returns to the earth, flowers are in full bloom. The scenery in Jiangnan is so beautiful. I have been familiar with the picturesque scenery for a long time. Whenever the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the riverside are as red as fire, and the green river water is as clear and clear as blue grass. How can one not miss Jiangnan?
A summary of the analysis of ancient poems in Lesson 23
1. The ancient poem - "April in the Countryside" (Song Dynasty) - expresses the poet's love and praise for the rural scenery. , also showed his admiration for working people and working life.
①Poetry: The mountains are green and the rivers are white, and the rain is like smoke in the sound of the rules. There are few idle people in the countryside in April, so they are planting sericulture and planting fields.
②Poetry: The hillsides and plains are lush and green, while the water in the rice fields complements the skylight, making everything bright and white, the cuckoos are singing, and the sky is misty and rainy. April is here, and farmers are busy with farm work. No one is idle. They have just finished sericulture and have to plant rice seedlings again.
2. Ancient poem - "Pastoral Miscellany in Four Seasons" (Fang Chengda, Song Dynasty) - the poet describes the scenes of rural farmers farming and weaving and children learning to work like adults, and praises the rural working people. Diligence expresses the author's love for the innocent and lovely working people.
① Verse: I work in the fields during the day and harvest hemp at night. The children in the village are each responsible for their own affairs. The children and grandchildren are still working for farming and weaving, and they are also learning to grow melons near the mulberry tree.
②Poetry: Hoeing the ground during the day and rubbing hemp at night. Farmers and men are busy with their own things, each with their own special skills.
Although the children knew nothing about farming and weaving, they also imitated the adults and learned to grow melons under the mulberry tree.
3. The lyrics - "Fishermen's Song" (Zhang Zhihe, Tang Dynasty) - express the leisurely and contented life of the fisherman.
① Verse: Egrets fly in front of Xisai Mountain, and peach blossoms and flowing water make mandarin fish fat. Green bamboo hat, green coir raincoat, slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return.
②Poetry: Near Xisai Mountain, egrets spread their wings, and in the stream sandwiched between peach blossoms, mandarin fish are plump. Wearing a green bamboo hat and a green raincoat, people fishing in the slanting wind and drizzle don't want to go home.
Literary common sense and key points
1. Sitting alone on Jingting Mountain - Tang Dynasty Li Bai, also known as Taibai, was known as the Immortal of Poetry by later generations and was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty.
2. Looking at Dongting──Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty. Zi Mengde was a writer and philosopher of the Tang Dynasty. Together with Bai Juyi, he is also known as "Liu Bai".
3. Recalling Jiangnan──Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty is a poem, and "Recalling Jiangnan" is the name of the poem.
4. April in the Countryside - Song Dynasty Weng Juan expresses the poet's love and praise for the rural scenery, and also shows his praise for the working people and working life.
5. Pastoral Miscellany in Four Seasons - Fan Chengda of Song Dynasty praises the diligence of rural working people and expresses the author's love for innocent and lovely children.
6. Fisherman's Song - Tang Zhang Zhihe has a beautiful artistic conception and expresses the leisurely taste of the fisherman.
Into the text
1. Scenery Characteristics
1. Guilin landscape - beautiful and dangerous, quiet and green
2 , Shuanglong Cave - majestic, thrilling, magical
3. Tianshan Mountain in July - amazing and fascinating
4. The sea - magnificent
5 , West Lake - level as a mirror
6. Mount Tai - majestic peaks
7. Xiangshan - red leaves like fire
8. Netherlands - water Country, the country of flowers, the country of pastures
9. Rural life - natural and harmonious, poetic, unrestrained
10. Rural scenery - unique, charming, beautiful and tranquil
11. Guilin’s landscapes are the best in the world—Guilin’s landscapes are the best in the world: No. 1
12. Boats are sailing on the blue waves, and people are swimming in the paintings—the boats are sailing on the rippling lake. , people seem to be visiting and admiring in a scroll.
2. Characteristics
1. Father (the day he won the lottery) - honest and trustworthy
2. Father (ten thousand years in prison) - Serious, realistic, honest
3. Hammer - self-love, self-respect, self-improvement, backbone
4. Little Nightingale - witty, brave, loving the motherland
5 , Yulai - witty and brave, loves the motherland, and has good swimming skills
6. A Chinese child - loves peace and hates war
7. The blind boy Anjing - loves life, Cherish life
8. Linda's family - considerate of others and willing to help others
9. Countryside family - love life, hardworking and simple
10. Galileo - persistent pursuit of truth, belief in science, not superstitious about authority
11. Rodin - full concentration, meticulousness, and persistent pursuit
12. Deaf-mute youth - diligent and focused in work. Excellent painting skills
13. Father (Father’s vegetable garden) - hardworking and persistent, clear goal, perseverance
14. Ji Chang - open-minded and studious, diligent in studying and practicing
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15. Fei Wei - can be called a famous teacher
16. Bian Que - superb medical skills
17. Cai Huangong - stubborn, self-righteous, and avoids medical treatment
p>18. Princess Wencheng - smart and beautiful
19. Prometheus - not afraid of power, benefiting the people and sacrificing his own life
20 , Zeus - cruel, ruthless
21. Fisherman - calm, calm, smart
22. Devil - fierce, cunning and stupid
Three , Text Unit Classification
Unit 1 - Scenery Unit 5 - Love Life
Unit 2 - Treating People with Sincerity Unit 6 - Rural Life
Unit 3 - Inspiration from Nature Unit 7 - Perseverance
Unit 4 - War and Peace Unit 8 - Story Gallery
Four , Unit composition classification
1. Unit 1 - Campus scene (scenery) 5. Unit 5 - People and things that love life
2. Unit 2 - —Written from the heart 6. Unit 6 – Rural scenery or rural life
3. Unit 3 – Observation and discovery 7. Unit 7 – A person I admire
< p>4. Unit 4 - Look at pictures and write imagination 8. Unit 8 - Free expression5. Unit experience
1. After studying Unit 1, I I feel that the scenery of my motherland is so wonderful and fascinating.
2. After studying Unit 2, I learned that I need to be an honest and trustworthy person.
3. After studying Unit 3, I feel that as long as you observe carefully and think carefully, you will discover something.
4. After studying Unit 4, I realized that we must love peace, maintain peace, and stop war.
5. After studying Unit 5, I realized that we should love life, cherish life, and let limited life reflect infinite value.
6. After studying Unit 6, I realized that the rural scenery is so unique, charming, natural and harmonious!
7. After studying Unit 7, I realized that no matter what When studying or doing things, you should identify your goals and pursue them persistently.
8. After studying Unit 8, I realized the principles of doing things and being a human being from these stories, and how fascinating the stories are!
6. Insights from the text
1. After studying "Guilin Landscape", I felt how beautiful and dangerous the mountains in Guilin are, and how quiet and green the water in Guilin is. ah!
2. After studying "Jinhua Shuanglong Cave", I felt how majestic, thrilling and magical the Shuanglong Cave is!
3. After studying "Tianshan Mountains in July", I felt how wonderful and fascinating Tianshan Mountains in July are!
4. "The Day I Won the Lottery" tells us that the most important thing in life is honesty and trustworthiness. This is wealth more precious than material wealth.
5. After studying "Ten Thousand Years in Prison", I felt that no matter what I do, I need to be serious and realistic.
6. After studying "Dignity", I feel that I need to be a self-loving, self-reliant, self-respecting person. Or use your own labor to maintain personal dignity.
7. After studying "Comparing Hearts to Hearts", I understand that being kind to others means being kind to yourself. Or when things happen, you should be considerate and think more about others.
8. "The Way of Nature" allows us to understand that if we do not act in accordance with the laws of nature, it will often produce results that are opposite to our wishes.
9. After studying "How the Yellow River Changes", I understood that we must protect the environment and enhance environmental awareness, otherwise, we will be punished by nature.
10. After studying "Cleaning the Forest", I understood that we should protect the ecological balance of nature, improve environmental awareness, and care for the environment.
11. After studying "The Teacher of Humanity", I understand that as long as we observe carefully and think carefully, we will gain something.
12. After studying "The Nightingale's Song", I understand that when facing the enemy, we must be calm, resourceful and brave.
13. After studying "Little Hero Yulai", I know that Yulai is a person who is resourceful, brave and loves the motherland.
14. After studying "The Voice of a Chinese Child", I understood that we should love peace, maintain peace, and not want war.
15. After studying "Enjoy Spring Like Us", I understand that we must hate war, maintain peace, and defend peace.
16. "Touching Spring" tells us: Everyone has the right to love life, and everyone can create a colorful world of their own.
17. "Eternal Eyes" enlightens us: Only by bringing happiness to others with your love can life be more meaningful.
18. "Life Life" educates us: we must cherish life and let limited life reflect infinite value.
19. "The Courage of Flowers" inspires us: on the road of life, the cold wind and rain are not terrible, and we must face all difficulties and obstacles with fearless courage.
20. After studying "Country People", I felt that the pastoral life of country people is really desirable.
21. After studying "The Country of Pastures", the scenery of the Netherlands is so fascinating!
22. After studying "Three Ancient Poems", the rural life described by the ancients is so fascinating So interesting!
23. After studying "Two Iron Balls Landed at the Same Time", I understood that we must respect authority, but we should not blindly follow it. When we have questions, we should repeatedly verify them. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth.
24. After learning "Full Concentration", it tells us that we must have a spirit of persistent pursuit, a dedicated work attitude and a meticulous work style when studying or doing things.
25. After studying "The Fish Swims on the Paper", I understood the principle of being diligent, focused and meticulous in doing things.
26. "Jichang Learns Archery" means: No matter what skill you learn, you must start by learning the basic skills of the skill and lay a solid foundation.
27. The moral of "Bian Que's Treatment of Diseases" is: we must be on guard against the slightest signs of disease, do not hide illnesses and avoid medical treatment, and be good at listening to the correct opinions of others, otherwise the consequences will be disastrous.
28. After studying "Princess Wencheng's Journey into Tibet", I felt the beauty and magic of the story of Princess Wencheng's Journey into Tibet.
29. "The Fisherman's Story" tells us that people with wisdom are truly powerful and invincible.
As time goes by and over time
(1) Famous ancient poems describing natural scenery
①The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun sets over the long river. (Wang Wei)
②A few rows of red leaf trees, countless sunset mountains. (Wang Shizhen)
③Thousands of fallen trees and mountains, the sky is far and wide, and the moon is clearly visible along the Chengjiang River. (Huang Tingjian)
④The water floating in the sky brings endless trees, and the rain clouds bury half of the mountain. (Xin Qiji)
⑤The spring river tide reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide.
(Zhang Ruoxu)
(2) Quotes about integrity
1. Be true to your words and be resolute in your actions. "The Analects of Confucius. Zilu"
2. When making friends, keep your word. "The Analects of Confucius. Xuer"
3. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. "The Analects of Confucius. Yan Yuan"
4. With sincerity, gold and stone are opened. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Wang Jingsi of Guangling"
5. Those who love others will always be loved by others; those who respect others will always be respected by others. "Mencius. Li Lou Xia"
6. Old people, I am old, and people are old; young people, I am young, and people are young. "Mencius. King Hui of Liang, Part 1"
(3) Agricultural Proverbs
1. Farming Proverbs - Before and after the Qingming Festival, plant melons and beans.
2. Meteorological proverbs:
① If the morning glow does not go out, the sunset will travel thousands of miles.
② There are fish scales in the sky, and there is no need to turn over the grain to dry it.
③The chickens stay late, the ducks crow happily, and the wind and rain will come soon.
④ Ants moving snakes across the aisle, there will be heavy rain tomorrow.
⑤Misty wind in spring, clear fog in summer, overcast fog in autumn, fog and snow in winter.
(4) Idioms about war
Know yourself, know your enemy, be victorious in a hundred battles, strategize, win decisively, surprise thousands of miles away, attack unexpectedly, besiege Wei, save Zhao from the east, attack from the west, be besieged on all sides, be attacked from both sides, be surrounded by enemies, grass and trees are all at war, the wind is roaring, the troops are noble, and the attack is sudden, elusive and invincible
(5) Famous quotes about life insights
1. Human life is limited, but serving the people is unlimited. I will devote my limited life to unlimited service to the people. (Lei Feng)
2. I have always maintained the belief throughout my life that the meaning of life lies in giving, not in receiving, nor in fighting for. (Ba Jin)
3. For me, the meaning of life is to put myself in others’ shoes, worry about other people’s worries, and enjoy other people’s happiness. (Albert Einstein)
(6) Poems about rural pastoral life
1. Picking chrysanthemums and going southeast, you can see Nanshan leisurely. (Tao Yuanming) (Autumn)
2. The sweet-scented osmanthus falls when people are idle, the night is quiet and the spring mountains are empty. (Autumn) (Wang Wei)
3. A few peach blossoms outside the bamboo are a prophet of the warmth of the spring river. (Spring) (Su Shi)
4. During the yellow plum season, it rains everywhere, and frogs are everywhere in the grassy ponds. (Summer) (Zhao Shixiu)
5. At the foot of Ehu Mountain, the rice and beams are fat, and the pig cages and chickens perch with their doors half-opened. (Wang Jia)
6. When I go out alone and look at the fields, the moon is bright and the buckwheat flowers are like snow. (Bai Juyi)
(7) Idioms describing people’s spirit and will:
1. Complimentary meaning: Ambition, perseverance, perseverance, self-improvement, gathering sand into a tower
Gather together and persevere, go all out to advance despite difficulties, and be invincible
2. Derogatory meaning:
Retreat when you know difficulties, mediocrity and inaction, one step forward and one step back, no beginning, no end, give up halfway
(8) Afterword:
A drop of water can penetrate a stone - it is not a day's work
Early blooming red plums------- stand out as a whole
< p>Stones for building walls----Coming from behindGuan Yu lost Jingzhou-----Arrogant soldiers will be defeated
Wang Xizhi's writing----Three points into the wood
Zhou Yu hits the yellow cover-----One is willing to hit, and the other is willing to endure
Sentences for the postscript:
(1) "A drop of water can penetrate a stone----it is not a day's work", Without unremitting efforts, Xiao Ming would not have achieved such good results.
(2) You immediately became proud because you scored 100 points in the exam, so you fell behind again this time. You really echoed that sentence again: Guan Yu loses Jingzhou-----arrogant soldiers will be defeated. .
(9) Idiom Story
Hand not letting go of the book - unable to put down the book in hand, describing diligent study or obsession with reading.
Pengcheng thousands of miles - According to legend, the bird can fly thousands of miles, which is a metaphor for a bright future.
(10) Extracurricular accumulation:
1. Famous sayings about integrity: Once a word is spoken, it is hard to keep it back. ——Chinese proverb
2. Farming season proverbs: ① After three rains at the beginning of spring, rice is everywhere. ②Spring rain is as expensive as oil, and farmers will be worried if it rains too much.
3. Meteorological proverbs: ① Wear a hat on a rainy mountain, and the mountain is waist-deep without rain ② There are cotton wool clouds in the morning and thunder and rain in the afternoon ③ Loach jumps, the wind and rain arrive
4. Famous quotes about life insights : A person's value should be judged by what he contributes, not what he obtains - Einstein
5. Afterword:
①Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea-Each one shows his magical powers② Sesame blossoms - getting higher and higher ③ Wang Po selling melons - selling and boasting
6. Ancient poems describing landscapes
① "Wanglu Mountain Waterfall" Tang Dynasty. Li Bai
The sun shines on the incense burner and the purple smoke rises, and the waterfall Guaqianchuan can be seen in the distance. The flying stream plummeted down three thousand feet, and it was suspected that the Milky Way was falling into the sky.
②"Looking at Tianmen Mountain" Tang Dynasty. Li Bai
The Tianmen interrupted the opening of the Chu River, and the clear water flowed eastwards until this point. The green mountains on both sides of the strait face each other, and a lonely sail comes from the sun.
7. Ancient poems describing pastoral scenery
"Visiting Shanxi Village" [Song Dynasty] Lu You
Moxiao's farmhouse is full of wax and wine, and in good years there are enough chickens and dolphins for visitors.
The mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way, and the willows and flowers are dark and the flowers are bright in another village.
(11) Information Kit and Broadband Network
1. Five mountains: Dongyue Mount Tai, Xiyue Huashan, Nanyue Mount Hengshan, Beiyue Mount Hengshan, and Zhongyue Mount Song, of which Dongyue Mount Tai is the leader.
2. Five major freshwater lakes: Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Hongze Lake, Taihu Lake, and Chaohu Lake.
3. Bionics: We got inspiration from the eyes of frogs and invented the "electronic frog eyes", got inspiration from the bats and invented the "radar", got inspiration from the dragonflies and invented the "airplane"...
4. Heroes who fought for peace emerged during the war:
① Anti-Japanese heroes: Yang Jingyu, Zhao Yiman,
② Heroic sacrifice: Fang Zhimin, Dong Cunrui,
③Protect the family and the country: Huang Jiguang, Qiu Shaoyun...
I also know other heroes: Liu Hulan, Li Dazhao, Wang Erxiao
5. The Netherlands is famous for its tulips, windmills, pastures and canals. Tulips are the national flower of the Netherlands, with more than 200 varieties. The Netherlands is a country of flowers, so it has gained the reputation of "European Garden" and "Flower Kingdom".
6. Rodin is a famous French sculptor. His representative works include "The Bronze Age", "The Thinker", "Hugo" and "Balzac". Rodin said: "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery."
7. Prometheus is a god in ancient Greek mythology. In Greek mythology, there are also Zeus, the king of gods, Apollo, the sun god, Poseidon, the sea god, Hades, the god of Pluto, and Athena, the goddess of wisdom. There are also many stories related to them: the story of the Golden Fleece, the story of the Trojan War, the story of Oedipus the King, and the story of Theseus getting rid of harm for the people.
8. "The Fisherman's Tale" is selected from the famous collection of ancient Arabian folk tales "One Thousand and One Nights". This book is also called "Arabian Nights" and is composed of 264 short stories. The famous "The Story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves", "The Story of Sinbad's Voyage and Flight", "The Story of Three Apples", and "The Story of Aladdin and the Magic Lamp" all come from this book.
"One Thousand and One Nights" is known as "the most magnificent monument" in the creation of world folk literature.