1 is unexpected.

"I thought that the most exciting project in the history of China was not the Great Wall, but Dujiangyan." (Excerpted from Dujiangyan Cultural Tour)

As we all know, the Great Wall has always been the pride and symbol of our motherland. The Great Wall, which was built from the Qin Dynasty, still spans the northern part of the motherland after successive repairs. The ancient Great Wall is the witness of history. All the humiliation, suffering, achievements and glory of the Chinese nation are vividly in my mind. But is there any prouder project in China than the Great Wall? Yu affirmed the existence of the answer with the wisdom of the writer, and decisively put forward that "the most exciting project in China history is not the Great Wall, but Dujiangyan."

The first paragraph was shocking, extraordinary, unexpected and magnificent. So the Great Wall is in beautiful contrast with Dujiangyan below, and Dujiangyan, the grand scene of the Millennium War.

2. Introduction at the beginning

"The gold powder of the Six Dynasties can make his name immortal, not to mention the political tide of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the bloody fire of modern times."

(Excerpted from "The Cultural Journey")

Nanjing, as a famous historical city, has experienced baptism, hardships and created brilliance. Since ancient times, many writers and poets have written poems with many wonderful beginnings, but Yu, a writer, highly concentrated the history of Nanjing for more than 1000 years with a rafter-like pen, and took it as the first paragraph of the beginning, which made it look atmospheric, domineering and handsome, and also gave readers a strong shock, profound thinking and endless reverie, laying the foundation for later writing to find the strangeness of Nanjing and show the magnificence of Nanjing. Who wants to see such a gripping opening? In fact, Yu also has such a beginning in "Five Cities in Kaifeng":

"It is backed by the Yellow River and had one foot in the Song Dynasty. It is like a noble who is no longer prominent, and his eyebrows are still extraordinary.

The geographical location and image temperament of Kaifeng are highly summarized here. Although it is only a short sentence, Kaifeng is like a towering sculpture.

3 Repeated comparison

"A few years ago, the United States just celebrated its 200th anniversary. The opening ceremony of the Los Angeles Olympic Games vividly demonstrated their two-century history. A few days ago, Australia celebrated their bicentennial again. It's really exciting for Qian Fan to play in the Gulf.

"At the same time, our Suzhou City has quietly celebrated its 2500th birthday. A little dizzy for a long time.

"In the evening, Suzhou people crossed the street for 2,500 years and went home to watch the TV broadcast of the National Day of the United States and Australia. Outside the window, the vines of the ancient city hang down and the tiger hill disappears in the night sky.

"In cleaning up the river, say to want to become the Venice of the east. When these river boats are like a shuttle, Venice is still a wasteland. "

(Excerpted from "Cultural Journey, White Hair Suzhou")

At the beginning of the article, the author compares Suzhou with the world background. First, compared with the United States. This is only the 200th National Day of the United States, and it is actually celebrated with great solemnity. Then compare Australia. Australia is also the 200th National Day, and Qian Fan is in full swing. Suzhou is an ancient city with a history of 2500 years. 2500:200, it is "dizzy". You should rank the United States and Australia in which generation and decide for yourself.

Not enough, and compared with Venice. What is Venice? When Suzhou is like a boat, you are Venice or a wasteland.

These three contrasts are better than an ancient Suzhou and a white-haired Suzhou. The opening momentum is great and the interpretation is ingenious, which makes people gasp in admiration. Start and end

People often use "phoenix head" as a metaphor for the beginning of an article. Generally speaking, there are six common ways to start an article:

1, cut to the chase.

Write, clearly and concisely explain who, where, when, what, or when, where and who participated in what activities. When writing people, introduce who they are and what their relationship is; What to write directly when writing a scene, and what to write when. In today's composition class, the teacher performed a magic trick for us-paper buds bloom.

(Describe the mood at the beginning) I'm so excited to hear that I'm going to do an experiment today. I've been looking forward to the bell ringing.

2. Ask questions and set suspense.

Ask questions to arouse the reader's interest and then explain. For example, (1) have you ever thought about how wonderful it would be if every finger of yours were a person? Today, I create life with my dexterous hands-"Finger Man". Do you believe that an ordinary candle will have magical power? Will it also bring endless fun to everyone? Today I will lead you to appreciate this amazing phenomenon.

3. flashback.

Explain the end of the matter first, and then write the cause and development of the matter.

Such as (1): You see, this is the "finger man" I created. They are more like a happy "family of five"! When I appreciate it carefully, I can't help but think of its birth process.

Such as (2) "Success! Success! " Looking at the paper buds in full bloom in the water, I danced with joy.

(3) The cup fell down and the water didn't flow down! I can't believe it unless I see it with my own eyes.

4. Render the atmosphere.

If you don't see him, smell his voice first. As soon as people see this situation and atmosphere, they will guess who will appear and what will happen. For example, "Haha ..." and "Hee hee ..." A burst of laughter accompanied by cheers kept coming into my ears. You must want to hear it, I tell you! Our class is playing pushing hands!

5. Describe the environment.

Environment is the stage for people and the background for things to happen. Writing about the environment at the beginning will make people feel immersive. The teacher is quiet and the students are busy brushing. What are they doing? They are creating "finger people"!

Famous sayings, epigrams, poetry quotations? Bing Xin quoted Wang Wei's poem "Thinking of Shandong Brothers on a Mountain Holiday" at the beginning of the article "Thinking of my relatives twice during the festive season": "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice during the festive season. I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. " The topic is novel and sincere, pointing out the theme of missing overseas relatives.

6. Explain the situation and describe the lens of the game.

This opening helps readers to prepare for the events, people and scenes that follow, so as to better understand what you have written. Such as (1): The most popular game activity in our class recently is pushing hands. This has to start with our composition class. You see, all the students in our class looked at each other, drumming their cheeks and blowing hard! What's going on here? Haha, it turns out that we are having an interesting balloon blowing competition!

There are many ways to write at the beginning of the article. The following are several common ones. In writing, sometimes we cannot use a single method, but several methods. With what method to start, we should consider the overall idea of the article, set out from the need to express the central idea, arrange the overall design throughout the article, and choose the most suitable starting method.

Finally, there is no fixed formula. How an article ends depends on its center, content, structure and genre. Common endings are as follows:

1, a natural ending.

When the narrative of the composition is finished, the article is over. Don't add any extra tail. This makes people feel natural and neat.

After an hour of creation, it was finally finished. I am really happy to see the interesting "Finger Man".

When the bell rang, the students were still immersed in interesting experiments.

2. End-to-end echo is over

The beginning and the end echo each other from afar. This ending naturally echoes the beginning of the end of the article, making the article seamless and intact.

For example, in "Rinrin Bell", the students are full of energy when the bell rings, and the cheers in the classroom are still one after another.

Now you know what's going on, right?

3, by scenery lyrical or lyrical ending

The author was infected by beautiful people or things and sincerely expressed his inner feelings at the end. This lyrical ending can arouse readers' feelings. Such as: the bright sunshine on the playground, the wind blowing across the students' faces, and a string of silvery laughter echoing under the blue sky. ...

Although I didn't make the top three in this competition, I was really happy because my friendship came first.

I love myself, especially my clever brain and dexterous hands.

The conclusion of the argument revealed profound truth.

This kind of ending is generally used to summarize the full text and sublimate the theme of the article, which is what we often call the finishing touch.

As the saying goes, "failure is the mother of success", I lost this competition, but I believe that as long as I work hard and master the competition skills, I will definitely win the championship next time!

Through this experiment, I understand a truth: everything must have a degree, and only by fully mastering the accurate scale can we succeed.

Looking at my masterpiece, I can't help but deeply realize that success comes from hard work.

5. Invite readers to enjoy the game.

How's it going? Are you tempted, too? Then ask a few partners to get addicted together!

What do you think of my introduction? Have you discovered the mystery? Then do it and practice!

6, description or implicit ending.

After the game, the students reluctantly left the playground, and the playground echoed with their laughter.

For example, when the bell rings, the students are still happy, and bursts of laughter reverberate over the classroom and stay in the hearts of the students. ...

At the end of the article, as at the beginning, the methods are flexible and diverse, and there is no fixed model. The methods provided above are for reference only, and should be used appropriately according to the needs of the content and center when writing, and cannot be copied mechanically.

Second, the ending method. There are many ways to write the end of the article, and there are four main ones that are suitable for us. 1. Natural ending. Generally speaking, according to the ending of things, it is only necessary to explain how things ended in the end. This ending is characterized by naturalness, simplicity and simplicity. For example, (1) in the article "I Play the Big Bad Wolf", the author describes his own performance as the Big Bad Wolf. The ending is: after the performance, all the teachers praised me for my excellent performance, which made my heart sweet. (2) Mid-Autumn Festival to see the end of the eclipse: I finally opened my eyes today. I smiled at the moon, walked into the room, got into bed and fell asleep sweetly. ?

2. concluding remarks. This ending method is to generalize and summarize the narrative content, extract a center, or emphasize the center that has already been expressed, so that readers can have a clear impression and understanding of the idea and center of the full text. For example, (1) My hometown ends: My hometown! No matter day or night, you are always so prosperous and beautiful. ? (2) The end of the "visit to the pig farm": Through the visit, I feel that I didn't just learn this knowledge from books. Only by linking books with practice can we learn more vividly and better. 3. An enlightening ending. This ending is not narrative, but lyrical and reasoning. It is often used to highlight the center by reasoning with things or expressing feelings by taking advantage of the situation, leaving readers room for thinking and aftertaste, and guiding readers to understand the profound significance of the article itself. For example, the composition "Happy New Year" (1) describes the image of a hard-working teacher who loves the next generation and their sincere feelings for the teacher through the fact that several primary school students go to the teacher's house to pay New Year greetings. The ending is like this: I have been far away from Teacher Xia's home, but Teacher Xia's kind words and loving face are still echoing around me and flashing in front of my eyes ... (2) The ending of visiting the toy exhibition hall: On this night, colorful and lifelike pandas, elephants and robots still appeared in front of my eyes. How can we turn these "future world" fantasies into reality? I thought for a long time, but I couldn't sleep. 4. Echo the beginning and the end. The advantage is that the structure of the article is compact and complete, and it becomes a close whole. For example, (1) has an essay "A Vivid Lesson", which begins: Whenever a rainbow appears in the sky, people will be full of praise. But I don't think so. I think the rainbow in the sky can't compare with the colored light band formed by the prism refraction in our laboratory, because it is brighter and more moving than the rainbow. The author went on to tell a lesson in knowledge of nature, in which students learned how the rainbow in the sky was formed through optical experiments. Finally, I wrote: behind the ribbon is a treasure house of knowledge, which is more vivid and moving than the rainbow. (2) The article "Nocturnal Grassland" begins like this: the vast sea of grass is endless. The big brigade passed, leaving a grass road that was trampled into powder and extending into the distance. Finally, it ended like this: through the boundless wind and rain, through the boundless darkness, I seem to see a bright road, all the way to the distant northern Shaanxi. I plucked up my courage, took a big step and walked in the direction of the army.