1. Write a review of Chinese literature. Write a review of "The Preface to the Biography of Lingguan" written by Ouyang Xiu. Please follow the instructions below

"Care and hard work can rejuvenate a country, but leisure can destroy one's life." .This sentence was said by Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, when he summarized the reasons why Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty gained and then lost the world. This writer pointed out that Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty succeeded because of his hard work and determination, and his failure was Because he is arrogant and greedy for pleasure. It can be seen how important work and leisure are to a person, even a country, and the country. Ouyang Xiu's two profound words warn the world: If you want to revitalize the country, you must first make some efforts. Career, create your own world, as the saying goes: "How can you see the rainbow without experiencing wind and rain." If you only pursue pleasure and do not think about progress, you will definitely fail and be infamy for thousands of years. Let's talk about the allusion of "sleeping on fuel and tasting courage" Well, although King Gou Jian of Yue failed in the Battle of Wu and Yue and became a prisoner of Wu King Fu Chai, he did not admit defeat. Instead, after returning to China, he adopted the method of "sit on fire and taste courage" to motivate himself to work hard and never forget to avenge his shame. He was diligent and loved the people, worked with the people, and had a simple meal every day, which eventually made the Yue State a powerful country. Although the Wu State defeated the Yue State in this war, due to King Wu's husband's disobedience, he could not accept it. Zhongyan indulged in pleasure and wine all day long, and was eventually destroyed by the Yue Kingdom. It is not difficult to think of the grand events that occurred in Chinese history, such as the "Reign of Zhenguan", the "Reign of Wenjing", and the "Prosperity of Kangxi and Qianlong" etc., were all pioneered by enlightened rulers who could share the joys and sorrows of the people, especially Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. He came to the throne at the age of 8 and began to deal with political affairs at the age of 14. At the age of 16, he outsmarted Obai, and then pacified San Francisco regained the treasure island of Taiwan, and also conquered Galdan twice in the west. He worked diligently, loved the people, and worked hard for the country throughout his life. He was the emperor who held power for the longest time in Chinese history. It was precisely because he worked hard for the country throughout his life that he became the emperor. The country entered a prosperous period. However, things such as the "An-Shi Rebellion" and so on were all caused by the foolish kings who were arrogant, indulgent and indulged in singing and dancing. The Empress Dowager Cixi is a typical example. In order to enjoy happiness for herself, she She colluded with foreigners, oppressed her own people, and tore the country apart, but she was immersed in glitz. "Working hard can rejuvenate a country, but leisure can destroy one's life." This wise saying is not only applicable in ancient times, but is still indelible today. The practical significance. At present, our country is in a stage of rapid development and is facing many major reforms and constructions. Only by uniting the 1.3 billion Chinese people closely together, mobilizing them together, and working together can we do a good job. This requires us to 13 Hundreds of millions of people have come to "work hard" and work hard for the cause and ideals of Comrade Mao Zedong. However, if we all only want to enjoy ourselves and not make progress, then for the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee proposed The policy of "striving for a well-off society" cannot be realized as scheduled. Therefore, we cannot be satisfied with the status quo. We must have a sense of responsibility at all times that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country." You must know that compared with advanced and developed countries and regions, Our country still needs to work hard! We must move forward endlessly! We cannot become a national scum, we must carry forward our revolutionary tradition and strive for greater glory! China is my home, and everyone loves it. "Revitalizing China" should be the aspiration of every Chinese, and "worry can rejuvenate the country, and leisure can perish" should be the motto of every Chinese builder. 2. Write an article with one sentence in the preface to the biography of Lingguan

Worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, while leisure can destroy one's life.

Husband's misfortunes are often accumulated in the slightest, while wisdom and courage are often trapped in the drowning. We should be concerned about the country and the people, and be prepared for danger in times of peace.

Ouyang Xiu wrote at the end of the article: "Husband's misfortunes are often accumulated in the slightest, while wisdom and courage are often trapped in drowning." Zhuangzong did not die in one day, he also had a process of quantitative change to qualitative change. , he finally died in the hands of his favorite actor.

This phenomenon enlightens us that what knocks us down is often the people and things around us, or ourselves. These factors accumulate from small to large, from small to large, and finally explode.

This enlightens us that we must guard against minor mistakes, detect bad signs and correct them immediately, so as to ensure the long-term stability of the country. This sentence by Ouyang Xiu was actually written for the supreme ruler of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The Northern Song Dynasty was a poor and weak regime. It was precisely because it could not strengthen itself that it ended up "destroying itself and the country." History is so ruthless and so strikingly similar. 3. Write an article with one sentence in the preface to the biography of Lingguan

Worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, while leisure can destroy one's life.

Husband's misfortunes are often accumulated in the slightest, while wisdom and courage are often trapped in the drowning.

We should be concerned about the country and the people, and be prepared for danger in times of peace. Ouyang Xiu wrote at the end of the article: "Husband's misfortunes are often accumulated in the slightest, while wisdom and bravery are often trapped in drowning." Zhuangzong did not die in one day, he also had a process of quantitative change to qualitative change, and he finally died because of his own favor. In the hands of the actor. This phenomenon enlightens us that what knocks us down is often the people and things around us, or ourselves. These factors accumulate from small to large, from small to large, and finally explode. This enlightens us that we must take precautions against the slightest, detect bad signs and correct them immediately, so as to ensure the long-term peace and stability of the country. This sentence by Ouyang Xiu was actually written for the supreme ruler of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was a poor and weak regime. It was precisely because it could not strengthen itself that it ended up being "dead and destroyed".

History is so ruthless and so strikingly similar. 4. The original text of Ouyang Xiu's "Preface to the Biography of Lingguan"

Woohoo! The principle of ups and downs is called destiny, but it is not a matter of human affairs! It turns out that the reason why Zhuangzong won the world was not to lose it, but because of others. Shi Yan, the general of the Jin Dynasty, gave Zhuangzong three arrows and told him: "Liang, I have an enemy; King Yan, I have established "Khitan and I are brothers, and they all carried the Jin to the Liang Dynasty. I hate these three. It is my father's ambition to give you three arrows, and you will never forget them!" Zhuangzong accepted it and hid it in the temple. When using troops, he would send an officer to report to the temple with a few prisoners, ask for the target, put a cotton bag in it, carry it forward, and accept it in triumph. Fang Qi, the father and son of Yan, formed a group, wrote to the heads of Liang's monarchs, and entered the Ancestral Temple to return the target to the ancestors. , and when he succeeded, his enthusiasm was so great that it was magnificent! When Qiuyu is destroyed and the world is settled, a man shouts at night, and the chaos responds everywhere. He rushes eastward without seeing the thieves, and the soldiers are separated. The monarch and his ministers look at each other, not knowing where they are going. What a decline! Is it difficult to gain but easy to lose? Is it true that the traces of success and failure all come from others? "Book" says: "Fullness brings harm, modesty benefits." Worry and hard work can rejuvenate a country, and leisure and hesitation can destroy one's life. This is the natural principle. Therefore, it is prosperous, and no hero in the world can compete with it; and its decline is due to the number of people. Ten actors are trapped, and their body dies and the country is destroyed, and the world laughs. Misfortune is often accumulated in the slightest, but many wise and courageous people are trapped in the drowning, how can they only pity people! Compose "The Legend of Ling Guan". Translation Alas! Although the principle of rise and fall is determined by destiny, isn't it caused by human affairs? We can understand the reason why Zhuangzong gained the world and why he lost it. It is said that when King Jin was about to die, he gave three arrows to Zhuangzong and told him: "Liang is my enemy, and Yan is my enemy." I elected the king, and the Khitan and I were brothers, but later they both betrayed me and went to Liang. These three things are my regret. I give you three arrows. Don't forget your father's ambition to revenge." Zhuang Zong received the arrows and kept them in the ancestral temple. After the ancestral village sent troops to fight, he sent his subordinate officials to sacrifice pigs and sheep to the ancestors. They respectfully took out the arrows from the ancestral temple and put them in beautiful silk bags. Carrying it on his back to clear the way in front of the army, when he came back from the victory, he still collected the arrows into the ancestral temple. When he tied the father and son of the King of Yan with ropes, put the heads of the Liang monarchs and ministers in small wooden boxes, walked into the ancestral temple, and returned the arrows to the Jin Dynasty. In front of the king's spiritual throne, he told him that his ambition of revenge during his lifetime was completed. His expression was so majestic! When the enemy has been eliminated and the world is at peace, one man launches an attack at night, and the rebels respond from all directions. He sends troops eastward in panic. Before he sees the rebels, his soldiers flee one after another. Lords and ministers, look at me. Looking at you, I don’t know where to go; you have reached the pitiful stage of cutting off your hair and swearing to God, hugging your head and crying, and your clothes are wet with tears. Why is it so decayed and bad! Could it be that it is like this because it is difficult to gain the world and easy to lose it? Or is it that the reasons for his success and failure are all due to personnel matters? "Shangshu" says: "Complacency will bring harm, humility can gain benefits." Sorrow can make the country prosperous, and happiness can make oneself destroyed. This is a natural principle. Therefore, when he is prosperous, the heroes of the world will not Who can compete with him? When he declines, dozens of music officials will trap him. In the end, he will die and his country will be destroyed, and he will be ridiculed by the world. Disasters are often caused by the accumulation of tiny mistakes. Yes, even those who are smart, talented, brave and courageous are mostly addicted to some kind of hobby, and are deceived by it and end up in poverty. Could it be that just doting on an actor has such a bad result? So he wrote "Biography of Lingguan". 5. Composition: How to write your thoughts after reading "The Preface to the Biography of Lingguan"

"The Preface to the Biography of Lingguan" enlightens us: modesty benefits, fullness incurs losses. We are warned to be humble in everything we do. Humility makes people progress, pride makes people fall behind. Therefore, we are good at listening to the teachings of our elders or teachers. Listen to the teacher’s summary of good learning methods or test-taking skills. Confucius said: When three people are walking together, there must be one teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. Zigong asked: What does Kong Wenzi mean by "wen"? Confucius said: Being sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions, is what is called "literary". What do we think after hearing what celebrities say? Even if celebrities are like this, as ordinary students, why can't we ask more teachers for advice? Why can't we be more modest and ask our classmates who are good at studying?

"Preface to the Biography of Lingguan" also reveals to us: Worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, and leisure can destroy one's life. Mencius said: Live in trouble and die in peace and happiness. At present, our conditions are very good. We eat delicacies from all over the world and wear designer clothes. There is nothing wrong with not thinking about studying, having good conditions, and being well-dressed and well-dressed. But if we blindly pursue pleasure, do not think about progress, and do not think about learning, do we also realize that "disaster is around us", and pleasure can make people decadent. If we can see the small things and start from now on, starting from small things, our future will be bright. 6. Write a diary using the central argument of the preface to the biography of Lingguan

Write a diary using the central argument of the preface to the biography of Lingguan: The central argument of the preface to the biography of Lingguan is that "the reason for rise and fall lies in personnel affairs."

The following sentence "worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, leisure and leisure can destroy one's life" also refers to personnel affairs. The country prospers because of worry and humility in governing the country; the country declines because of the damage done by Yiyu.

The next paragraph puts forward "Disasters are often accumulated in the slightest, and wisdom and courage are often trapped in drowning, so it is not just an actor." It is put forward on the basis of personnel, reminding people not to ignore personal behavior, and also We are still talking about "personnel affairs", but the last "not only the actors" expands the practical significance of article writing, and the practical role of the article is further clarified, which is the sublimation and deepening of the center. Worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, but depression can kill one's life. The author said, "The principle of rise and fall, although it is called destiny, is not a matter of human affairs!" This leads to the following, but the reason behind the sigh has not yet been clarified.

"Biography of Lingguan" records the historical facts of Jingjin, Shi Yanqiong, Guo Congqian and others who were favored by Emperor Zhuangzong Li Cunxu of the later Tang Dynasty and disrupted the government and harmed the country. This preface does not directly write about these things, but Write about the rise and fall of Zhuangzong in the later Tang Dynasty. Undoubtedly, he is taking this opportunity to express his appreciation for the golden rule of "fullness will lead to losses, modesty will benefit".

The second paragraph ends with "Sorrow and labor can rejuvenate the country, and leisure and relaxation can destroy the body, which is the natural principle", which expresses the original intention of the drunkard. The main theme of the article directly refers to the powerful officials and relatives of the dynasty and even the emperor himself.

In fact, the topic of this article should be the last sentence: Husband’s misfortune is often accumulated in the slightest, but wisdom and courage are often trapped in the drowning, how can he be alone! Facts have proved that the Northern Song Dynasty was such a poor and weak regime. It was precisely because it could not strengthen itself that it ended up "destroying itself and the country." History is so ruthless and so strikingly similar.

..Preface to the Biography of Lingguan The author Ouyang Xiu, this article is the preface to "The Biography of Lingguan".

"The Biography of Ling Guan" is a combined biography in "New History of the Five Dynasties". It records the deeds of actors (the title of ancient musicians and actors) Jing Xiu, Shi Yanqiong, Guo Menggao and others.

This article explains the principle that the rise and fall of a country is mainly determined by personnel affairs through the typical case of Zhuangzong in the later Tang Dynasty who won and lost the world. The author wrote this preface to warn the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty at that time: they must learn from historical lessons, be prepared for danger in times of peace, be on guard against the slightest, and should not be satisfied with superficial vanity.

Content and structure This article is the preface written by Ouyang Xiu for "New History of the Five Dynasties: Biography of Ling Guan". The article summarizes the historical lessons of Li Cunxu, Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, who gained and then lost the world, clarifies that the prosperity and decline of a country depends on personnel, and the principle that "worry and labor can rejuvenate the country, while leisure and hesitation can destroy one's life." It satirizes the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty to refrain from arrogance and extravagance, guard against mistakes, and work hard to govern. .

The fourth paragraph of this article can be divided into three parts. The first part (the first paragraph) puts forward the argument that prosperity and decline are due to personnel affairs, and provides the basis for the argument that Zhuangzong gained and lost the world.

The article suddenly starts with the exclamation "Wow", and as soon as the pen is written, it emits a deep emotion about history. Then he uses rhetorical questions that turn the relationship, emphasizing the role of personnel, and puts forward the central argument: the reason for rise and fall is due to personnel.

This sigh, question, retreat and advance not only make the argument eye-catching, but also set the tone of sigh for the whole article. Then it points out examples of Zhuangzong winning and losing the world to explain the historical basis for the argument.

"The original reason why Zhuangzong won the world was not the reason why he lost it." This "gain" and "loss" correspond to the "prosperity" and "decline" in the argument, and lead to the following . The second part (second and third paragraphs) demonstrates the central argument.

The second paragraph continues the previous narrative, detailing Zhuangzong's acceptance and implementation of King Jin's orders. Since the previous paragraph mentioned the examples of Zhuangzong winning and losing the world as evidence, the next part of this paragraph naturally writes about the situation of winning the world first.

The process of Zhuangzong’s conquest of the world has already been written into the “Tang Benji” in the “New History of the Five Dynasties”. To write it down again here would be repetitive, would also cause delays in the writing, and would not conform to the system of prologue. Therefore, the story of "Three Arrows of Jin King" was chosen for this section. This story is a legend and cannot be confirmed as historical fact. Therefore, it is not included in official history including "New History of the Five Dynasties".

But this story had considerable influence on society at that time. Wang Yu in the early Song Dynasty recorded it in "History of the Five Dynasties". This story is vivid and typical, which can give people a sense of freshness. Its spirit is also in line with the situation of King Jin and Zhuang Zong, so Ouyang Xiu selected it into the article.

For the sake of caution, the word "Shi Yan" is added in front. This story is the main example of the central argument, a powerful argument to support the central argument, and the basis for the following discussion.

This paragraph is written in two layers with "three arrows" running through it. The first level is Zhuangzong's acceptance of the will. First, it is written that the King of Jin bestowed three arrows, and then it is written that the King of Jin's will was given, with a detailed explanation of the reasons for the gift, and then it is written that Zhuangzong "received and hid the three arrows"; the second level is Zhuangzong's execution. In his will, it is written that Zhuangzong set out to fight, used three arrows to inspire him in the battle, achieved great success, and returned the three arrows to the late king.

It focuses on Zhuangzong’s respectful attitude towards Sanya. From Zhuangzong's actions of "accepting and hiding it in the temple" and "then using troops", we can see his determination and will to accept the death sentence and pursue revenge. This is the reason why he won the world.

Words such as "receive", "hide", "send", "sue", "please", "sheng", "negative", "drive" and "accept" depict Zhuangzong's faithful execution of his father's orders and summarize the The battle situation during Zhuangzong's heyday reflected Zhuangzong's "worry" and highlighted the role of "personnel", which prepared the ground for the following discussion. The narrative tone of this paragraph is relatively gentle, without any discussion, but the point is embedded in the narrative, and the argument is demonstrated through the narrative, which echoes the "sheng" and "win the world" in the first paragraph.

The entire narrative is intended to be suppressed first, so I wrote a "suppression" version for the following. The third paragraph turns to discussion, commenting on the rise and fall of Zhuangzong and clarifying the central argument.

This paragraph transitions from narrative to discussion. First, he praises Zhuangzong's success with emotional pen and ink, responds to the words "sheng" and "win the world" at the beginning of the article with "vigorous spirit", and follows the narrative of the second paragraph; then laments his failure, Use "How decline" to respond to the word "decline" and "lost" at the beginning of the article, and inherit the narrative of the second paragraph.

This transition from great ups and downs provides a strong contrast between Zhuangzong's peak prosperity and his decline. The same person, from "prosperity" to "decline", the change is so huge and distinct, what is the reason? Two hypothetical questions are used below. The first sentence uses a rhetorical question to deny the saying that "gain is hard but loss is easy", and the latter sentence emphasizes that success and failure "all come from people."

This question is both thought-provoking and informative. 7. "Preface to the Biography of Lingguan in the History of the Five Dynasties" 1. Translation with added words 1. The reason why the original Zhuangzong won the world (original) 2. Er

This article explains that rise and fall depend on personnel, not destiny. Through the rise and fall of Li Cunxu's regime, Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty, in the Five Dynasties, the article demonstrates that the country is rejuvenated by hard work, the body is ruined by leisure, and "fullness brings harm, modesty benefits, misfortune is often accumulated in the slightest, but wisdom and bravery are trapped in drowning", all of which are "people's faults". The key to success or failure in matters. The central argument of this article is: "Oh, the principle of rise and fall, even if it is called destiny, it is not human affairs!" The central argument of the article is that the rise and fall of the feudal dynasty does not depend on destiny but on human affairs. The main thing here is human affairs. It refers to people's subjective efforts. There are three paragraphs in the text, and the discussion is based on the two words of rise and fall. In the first paragraph, a high-level person puts forward his own point of view, explaining that the rise and fall of a country is ultimately determined by personnel, and points out that this can be determined by Zhuang Zong's It is confirmed by the facts of "gaining the world" and "losing it". The second paragraph uses the historical facts of the later Tang Dynasty Zhuangzong Li Cunxu "gaining the world" and "losing the world" and the pros and cons contrasting arguments to conclude that kingdoms are rare but easy to lose. Success or failure all depends on the principle of human affairs. This second level is divided into two levels. The first level is from the beginning to "accepting it in triumph". It describes Zhuangzong accepting his father's order, enduring humiliation and burden, working hard for the country, and returning in triumph. The facts of the world prove that everything depends on man-made efforts. The second level of discussion started from "Fang Qixi was the father and son of Yan" to the end of this paragraph. It was written that when Zhuangzong won the world, he was high-spirited and invincible; when he lost the world, "the soldiers were scattered and they didn't know what to do." "Where it belongs", using the method of comparative argument to draw the conclusion: "The traces of success and failure are all due to people?" The third paragraph is the last paragraph. Turn to the incisive explanation to clarify the meaning of personnel, which has been made clear before. It clearly shows that the rise and fall of a country does not depend on destiny, but on human affairs. So what is the main content of human affairs? This needs to be analyzed with emphasis. The author's analysis is both a summary and a warning to the actual situation. He first introduces the aphorism in "Shangshu" as an argument, and then logically analyzes that due to Zhuang The historical facts of Zongzong illustrate the truth. Worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, and leisure can destroy one's life. Leisure contains disasters. Disasters often accumulate in small things, and wisdom and courage are often trapped in addiction. If you don't pay attention to these small things in daily life, you will indulge in them. If you prefer something, disaster will come. As a regular phenomenon, this is not only reflected in the actor. At this point, the author's purpose of writing to warn the world has been completed.