Explanatory writing is a kind of style that introduces and explains things and things with explanation as the main expression. Common interpretation methods are 1 1, such as giving examples, quoting data, classifying, plotting, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogy, imitating appearances, assuming, etc. Common in primary schools are: examples, figures, metaphors, classifications, comparisons and definitions.
(1) example
Definition: cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained concrete and make readers understand. This method of explanation is called example. To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.
Benefits: Make the meaning expressed in the article clearer, more vivid, more understandable to readers and more convincing.
Example: Clouds can foretell the weather. For example, in Xinjiang, the appearance of clouds means rain. -"Looking at the Clouds to Know the Weather"
(2) Column number (column data)
Definition: In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.
Benefits: Numbers are the most accurate, scientific and convincing basis for quantitatively explaining the characteristics or reasons of things. Explaining with numbers can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be persuasive. )
For example, Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, and a narrow middle and a width of 9 meters. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (accurately reflected)
(3) For example
Definition: A description method that uses the similarity between two different things to highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of description is called analogy. The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. Only in this way can the abstract complexity become easy to understand and concrete and vivid. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
Benefits: abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid, or explain the characteristics of things accurately, concretely and easily.
Example: ① The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" can make the explained object vivid. )
② Silkworm's small body is a wonderful "processing factory".
(4) Comparison
Definition: Comparative method is an explanatory method to compare two things and phenomena in the same or different categories to illustrate the characteristics of things. When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
Benefits: Explain some abstract or unfamiliar things and compare them with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison.
Example: (1) All other animals eat raw food, and only humans can cook it.
② 12 steel roof trusses wider than the newly expanded Chang 'an Avenue in Beijing are hidden at the top of the auditorium.
The area occupied by the Pacific Ocean is almost equal to the sum of the other three oceans, which is fourteen times larger than the smallest Arctic Ocean.
(5) Classification
Definition: It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification.
Benefits: clear organization, clear at a glance.
Examples: ① The collection of books in the library is divided into Chinese and foreign countries by country; According to the times, there are classical and modern; By nature, there are science and technology, literature and political economy.
(2) Screen can be divided into gold screen, silver screen, gold screen, painted screen, stone screen, wooden screen, bamboo screen, etc. Therefore, there is a distinction between elegance and vulgarity in art, which also reveals the different economic and cultural levels of users. -"Say the screen"
(6) Definition
Definition: A prescriptive explanation of the essential features of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion. How to express: ① What is ...? (2) What's the name of ...?
Benefits: It can make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.
Example: ① Man is an advanced animal, who can make tools and work with them.
Fertilizer is a substance that can provide nutrients to make plants grow.