Those who have given birth must owe something to those who have given birth to themselves, and those who have given birth to themselves must be obedient, filial and supportive. This is the public rational basis of China's cultural values, that is, there is no moral basis for argument or necessity. This is something that western culture does not have!
"This is also filial piety easy to offend, thick-skinned. Those who are not good at making mistakes but are good at making trouble are unknown. " -studying the Analects of Confucius. That is, if a person can be filial to his parents and love his brother, he likes to offend his superiors, which is rare; People who don't like to offend their superiors but like to rebel have never met.
Because our family and country are isomorphic, your father is homotopy, and you are the father of the world, so filial piety is the way to be loyal to you. As the saying goes: "Filial piety, therefore, is a gentleman." Filial piety means respecting and obeying your parents, who will establish a way of life for you. It is unfilial not to listen. Filial piety is loyalty to the master. If it goes against the principles, policies and political system formulated by the master's personal will, it is "disloyalty" and "disloyalty" to the ruler is a great sin. Parents who are involved in Jiuzu and physical suffering are all unfilial, not to mention that your own head falls to the ground and your parents, brothers, wife and children are going to the grave. This is the greatest unfilial, so the scope of "filial piety" is said. In this way, "filial piety" has achieved the political purpose of restraining people's thoughts and behaviors from the perspective of human relations.
The body is a skin injury, and parents dare not hurt it. Filial piety is also the beginning. Standing on the street, making a name for yourself in later generations to show your parents, is also the end of filial piety. Filial piety begins with maintaining physical integrity and ends with being an official and honoring one's ancestors.
China has always been a patriarchal society with strong clan power. In order to strengthen centralization and maintain political rule, the rulers of China have chosen "filial piety" as their mainstream values, thus making the implicit use of emotions an important policy. Therefore, emperors of all dynasties advocated "ruling the world with filial piety". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism advocated "benevolent government" and that "the old people ate meat and silk, and the people were not hungry or cold, not kings, and had nothing"; The "check-up system" in Han Dynasty attached importance to filial piety, and the subsequent "Nine-grade Zheng Zhi system" also required filial piety. Loyalty and filial piety, as an important connotation of China's political category, has been developed and passed down. Until 2 1 century, the mainland still called officials "parents", and the monarch was like the father, and the official became the mother. This is also the political significance of filial piety culture to stabilize society.
China culture believes that filial piety is the basis of morality, and all enlightenment comes from here. Therefore, different from western culture, the rulers in the history of the East have beautified "filial piety" as the foundation of the country and publicized it as the first lesson to tame the people. It has trained generations of slaves who are obedient and loyal to "parents", and even served as the standard for selecting leading cadres (filial piety). Learning obedience and filial piety has also become the foundation of China's filial son. Because unfilial is a crime, "five punishments are three thousand, and the crime is greater than unfilial." On the contrary, parents' domestic violence against their children is called "family law" under the cloak of "filial piety" and will not be punished by the official criminal law! Only when there is filial piety in the family can there be loyalty in the society. However, no master in China told you to be loyal to yourself and to the social resource allocation system arranged by him. Therefore, "filial piety" leads to only "loyalty to the monarch" and no concept of "patriotism" in the history of China. "If he can grovel and beg for mercy from the powerful, he will certainly be able to hang the banner of' submission to the people' and meet the teachers of other countries"-Liang Qichao.
From Kong Qiu's "parents don't travel far" to the household registration system and temporary residence permit system; From Monk's "no father, no gentleman" to "Party, dear mother", I compare the Party to my mother, which is a consistent means to restrain the social behavior of the Han nationality from the perspective of family ethics.
Filial piety is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. One of the connotations is that "filial piety" is unique to the Chinese nation and areas influenced by Chinese culture, and the other is that "virtue" is also advertised by itself. It is by no means a universal value shared by people of all nationalities in the world. Many moral rules in western society are derived from the Bible. The Lord God has promulgated the Ten Commandments for human society, the fifth of which requires "filial piety to parents". But "filial piety" in the west is definitely not "filial piety" in the sense of China culture. In addition, there are few famous sayings, epigrams and systematic works about filial piety in western culture. No place is famous and proud of filial piety. Their "filial piety" only reflects a kind of respect rather than obedience. Therefore, there is no "filial piety" in the cultural sense of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the West.
One of the characteristics of "filial piety" in China culture is that this moral concept reflecting the family parent-child relationship has been completely politicized invisibly.
Filial piety culture leads people to mistakenly think that people owe their parents once they have children and their rulers once they grow up. It leads people to think that human rights are not innate, but given by parents and masters.
The culture of "filial piety" in China has set a necessary, moral and unavoidable "obligation" for every newborn child-to support the elderly, and even there are laws that stipulate that the elderly must be supported, which is significantly different from the West.
China culture is a national culture that "longs and expects" to be rewarded by children! One sentence that Han parents often use to their children in chatting is "can't point", and the definition of "can't support me" is that parents can't return their feelings, energy and financial resources to their children. In other words, people under the influence of Chinese culture have higher expectations for their children to support themselves, including providing for the elderly and dying, than westerners. They like their children not to go far away and marry far away, so as to better serve their old-age care and dying. They want their children to be big officials, marry beautiful women and return to their hometowns to show off themselves and their ancestors. They even use legal means to force their children to go home to visit the elderly regularly, because this is also regarded as an emotional return to the previous investment. Westerners often regard the adoption of non-biological children or disabled children as a kind of kindness to improve their lives, while China culture often abducts and sells children or adopts children to carry on the family line and support the elderly! It's far from the west. The essential reason for the high incidence of child trafficking cases is that children have become investment tools! Used for material pension and psychological channel.
Because in the intergenerational relationship of western families, the family is a one-way parenting model, that is, parents only need to raise their children, and children don't have to support their parents. Because the west pays more attention to individual independence, everyone has a strong sense of independence. Children don't want to rely too much on their parents, and parents don't want to rely too much on their children. They like to earn their own living, and they think it is "shameful" to rely on their children. In the west, people usually don't ask other people's ages, which is relatively private. Many elderly people don't think that "a sense of security is a blessing" as people in China do, and they don't "lean on the old and sell the old".
China's filial piety culture contains the obligation to support, while the western filial piety culture does not. This is also the fundamental reason why China's old-age security system cannot be established. Old people in China think that going to a nursing home is an abandonment!
China people generally combine "filial piety" with having children, emphasizing that ancestors should not be sacrificed. The traditional concept of "three unfilial, three unfilial" is still deeply rooted today, which is also the main resistance of the national policy of family planning. Westerners emphasize freedom. They can choose a Dink (double income, no children) family, or even be single for freedom. In China, due to filial piety culture, "childless" is the most vicious spell; In the west, "childless" has no such cultural meaning. For this reason, when "childless" is directly translated into "childless" [s? nl？ S], westerners find it puzzling and can't relate it to derogatory terms at all.
Because China was a patriarchal society in ancient times, the traditional China people overemphasized collectivism and neglected the realization of personal values, which aggravated the contradictions within the family and made people spend a lot of time and energy on family disputes, thus avoiding people's interference in politics. Group orientation makes China people always regard themselves as a member of a certain group and advocate collectivism. It is inevitable that some people's free will will will be suppressed by parents and patriarchs to establish collective will. The western individual standard makes people pay more attention to individual value, believing that social value lies in the realization of each individual value, and will not spend a lot of energy on dealing with the relationship between family members like China people.