Volume 1

1 "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields": "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain."

"Leisurely" writes the author That kind of tranquil, leisurely and undemanding mood. "See" shows that the poet did not see the mountain intentionally, but the image of the mountain came into view unintentionally while picking chrysanthemums. It seems that my heart has already become one with the mountain. Reaching this state is the happy ending of freedom and peace of mind.

2 How to understand the "wish" in "but the wish will not be violated"?

It literally means "my wish" to have a good harvest, but actually it also means not to lose yourself in the dirty real world.

3. "Passing the Old Friend's Village": "The green trees border the village, and the green mountains slant outside."

This is a famous sentence describing the scenery of the mountain village. Surrounded by green trees and sloping green hills, it looks like a light ink painting. At the same time, the rhetorical device of duality is also used, "green tree" versus "green mountain", "village edge" versus "outside the country", the parts of speech are the same and correspond to each other, which is very neat.

4. "Spring Tour of Qiantang Lake": "A few early orioles are fighting for warmth in the trees, and the new swallows are pecking at the spring mud. The wild flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and the weeds can have no horse hooves."

These four sentences are the core part of Bai Juyi's poem, which is the most eye-catching sentence. They are also the finishing touch of Bai Juyi's description of spring, especially the description of spring in West Lake. Several places means several places, or it can even mean multiple places. The use of "zao" to describe the oriole reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives: the oriole on the tree is busy early in the morning to seize the "warm tree" that is the first to see the sun, for fear that it will be unable to catch up soon. . The word "struggle" makes people feel how rare and precious spring is. And the swallows under the eaves of someone's house are also busy making nests in their mouths. The word "pecking" is used to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallows, which seems to bring the little swallows to life. These two sentences deliberately depict the dynamics of warblers and swallows, making the whole poem filled with the vitality and vitality of spring. Orioles are recognized as spring singers. Listening to their melodious singing voices makes people feel the charm of spring; swallows are migratory birds. They return to their hometowns with spring and are busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly Flying in and out of the ground to build a nest makes people feel the beauty of life even more.

"The wild flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and only the Asakusa can have no horse hooves." Use the wild flowers of Asakusa to describe the beauty of West Lake in early spring. "Gradual desire" means gradually becoming more and more; "Talent" means just being able to do something, both of which show that things are developing and changing.

5. "Visiting Shanxi Village": "There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers, and there is another village with hidden willows and bright flowers."

Shanxi Village is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with dark willows and bright flowers, creating a scene of clusters of flowers. To illustrate that there is still hope in difficult situations, and it also implies the profound philosophy of overcoming numerous difficulties and finally realizing ideal wishes.

6. "Viewing the Sea": "The journey of the sun and the moon is as if it were out of it; the stars are brilliant as if they were out of it."

This is the climax of the whole poem, and the author uses it richly Strange imagination and bold exaggeration combine the sea scenery in front of you with your own ambitions to create a grand artistic conception.

7. "Under the Cibeigu Mountain": "The sea is full of sunshine and the night is over, and the river spring is entering the old year."

This is a famous line that has been recited throughout the ages, describing the alternation between day and night and winter and spring. The scene in my heart and the joy in my heart. "The sun is rising in the sea and the night is lingering, and the spring in the river is entering the old year" contains philosophy in describing the alternation of natural time sequences. "Sheng" means that new life has been born in old things, and the scenery makes sense. "Entering" means that the New Year breaks into the old year in advance, feeling in love in the scenery, feeling homesick without being depressed.

8. "Looking at the Mountain": "When you reach the top, you can see all the small mountains."

The majestic appearance of Mount Tai arouses the poet's desire to climb to the peak. He wants to reach the top and reach the peak. The mountains of the world can be seen as soon as possible. Related to the poet's actual situation at the time, this poem can be understood as: He did not care about the gains and losses of failure, he firmly believed in his outstanding talents, and firmly believed that he would stand out.

At this point, the graceful and majestic atmosphere of Mount Tai and the heroic ambition of the poet Lingyun naturally merge into one, and the scene blends into a natural blend.

9. "Moon on the Xijiang River": "The bright moon scares the magpies when they leave the branches, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night."

On the surface, it seems to be written about the wind, the moon, the cicadas, the magpies, etc. Ordinary scenery, however, through the author's clever combination, the result is ordinary and extraordinary. The magpies were flying unsteadily, not hovering on ordinary branches, but flying around the abrupt and slanting branches. Because the moonlight is bright, the magpie is awakened; and when the magpie flies away, it will naturally cause the "parting branches" to sway. At the same time, the chirping of cicadas also has a certain time. The chirping at night is different from the chirping under the scorching sun. When the cool breeze blows slowly, it often feels particularly peaceful. In short, the two sentences "frightened magpie" and "singing cicada" contain stillness in the movement, and describe the scenery under the "cool breeze" and "bright moon" in the middle of the night in a leisurely and fascinating way. Volume 2

1. "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou": "There are close friends in the sea, and they are as close as the ends of the world."

As long as you have close friends within the four seas, Even though we are far away from each other, we are still close neighbors. (The author encourages his friends to embark on the journey bravely, showing the sincere feelings between friends.)

2. "Yellow Crane Tower": "The Qingchuan is full of Hanyang trees, and the grass is luxuriant. Parrot Island. ”

The sun shines on the Hanshui Plain, and the trees around Hanyang Town appear particularly distinct. The place with lush grass is Parrot State. (Touching the scene evokes a touch of nostalgia.)

3. "Rewarding Lotte Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou": "Dry sails passed by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of trees grew in front of the diseased trees."

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Numerous new ships are speeding past the sunken ship, and thousands of green trees are growing vigorously in front of the diseased trees as if in spring. ① It is a metaphor that when he was relegated to the countryside and was dying like a sunken boat and a diseased tree, how many people climbed up to achieve great success. This expresses the author's indignation at his own unfair experience, and also towards those who fish in troubled waters for benefits. Satire. ②These two poems objectively express the objective law that new things will eventually replace old things. )

4. "Boarding in Qinhuai": "The merchant girl did not know the grief of the country's demise, but she still sang "Back Garden Flowers" across the river."

The singing girl did not know the grief of the country's demise, and she still sang "The Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river. The song "Flowers in the Back Garden", a song about the country's subjugation, was also sung along the river. (Describes the real life of emperors who drank and had fun, ignored political affairs, and lived a dissolute and extravagant life, expressing the poet's concern for the country and the people.)

5. "Night Rain Sends to the North" "What to do *** Cut the candle from the west window, but talk about the rainy night in Bashan."

One day, I held a candle with you under the west window and had a long talk late at night, telling you how I missed you when I watched the rain in Bashan that night. (These two sentences are the scene in which the author imagines returning to Chang'an in Bashan and having a candle-cutting night talk with his wife in the evening, expressing the feeling of lovesickness.)

6. "The Turtle is Shou": "The old man is in a state of ambition. A thousand miles; a martyr’s ambition is endless in his old age.”

Although the old and feeble horse lies in the manger, its ambition is still to travel a thousand miles; The ambition remains unchanged and the generosity remains the same. (These four sentences express the author's enterprising spirit and heroic spirit of constantly striving for self-improvement and getting stronger as time goes by.)

7. "Shi Hao Li": "The survivors live in vain, but the dead are gone!"

The living are alive for now, the dead are finished forever! (It satirizes the cruelty of the rulers and shows the author's sympathy for the working people.)

8. "Happy Meeting": "It is the sadness of separation that keeps cutting and making things messy. It is not the ordinary feeling in my heart." ”

Even if there are innumerable traces of separation sorrow, they are constantly being cut and cannot be sorted out. What makes people feel so confused is separation sorrow. This is another feeling of separation sorrow and hatred, which is not ordinary people’s. experienced. (These sentences directly express the pain of separation and express the author's nostalgia.)

9. "Impressions from Reading the Book": "Ask where the canal can be so clear, for there is a source of living water."

If you ask how it can be so clear, it is because the source of fresh water is constantly replenished.

(The water in the pond is a metaphor for people's knowledge, learning, and thoughts, and the "source of living water" is a metaphor for the new knowledge gained from reading. A person, even if he has learned a lot of knowledge, is like a pond that has half of the water in it. Just like the water in a pond, if you stop studying, the original knowledge will slowly dry up and age, and your thoughts will become rigid. Just like a pond that has not been changed for a long time will smell bad. You must continue to read and study to keep "living water." "By continuously pouring it into your own "pond", your knowledge, knowledge, thoughts and opinions can be continuously enriched and updated. The poet uses vivid and vivid language to write about his feelings when he understands the difficult book.)

10. "Qing Ping Le": "I love it most when a child dies, lying down at the head of the stream and peeling lotus pods."

The most interesting thing is that the little son is naughty and naughty, lying by the river with his hands and peeling lotus pods. Lotus pods in the water. (Expressing the author’s thoughts and feelings of loving rural life.). Volume 4

1. "The winding path leads to a secluded place, and the Zen room is deep with flowers and trees."

"Deep flowers and trees" is quite artistic, setting off the secludedness of the "secluded place". It shows tranquility and contains beauty, expressing the poet's interest in getting rid of distracting thoughts and forgetting about the landscape.

2. On the day when Yipo returns, look at the spiritual flag in the sky.

Expressing Xia Wanchun’s unyielding determination, the poem is impassioned, tragic and majestic.

3. People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has its yin and yang waxing and waning. This is a difficult thing to do in ancient times.

In terms of writing techniques, these three sentences highly summarize the complex and chaotic changes in the world, heaven, and nature. The writing style is broad and wide, and the writing power is strong and profound. Feelings are optimistic, cheerful, and positive.

4. I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet the beautiful lady.

This is the author’s best wish. Even if you are thousands of miles apart, you can still enjoy this beautiful and bright moon. It gives people the pleasure of beauty and the hope of beauty.

5. The west wind blows behind the curtains, and people are thinner than yellow flowers

These three sentences are vivid in description, rich in emotion, deepening the melancholy and bitterness, and have become famous sentences throughout the ages

6. Suddenly a spring breeze comes overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloom.

These two poems use metaphorical rhetorical techniques, and the sentences are rich in imagination. From the harsh environment in the north of the Great Wall, they actually think of the pear blossoms in spring, with a warm atmosphere and wonderful colors.

7. Spring silkworms will not run out until they are dead, and wax torches will turn to ashes before their tears dry up.

These two lines of poems are implicit, euphemistic and passionate. They use a brand-new image language to express the love that endures despite all odds but remains unchanged.

8. Withered vines and old trees, dim crows, small bridges and flowing water, and old roads with westerly winds and thin horses.

There are only 18 words, but nine nouns and nine types of scenery appear in succession, which reflects the unique feelings of the "heartbroken man" towards these scenery. The writing is simple and the imagery is clear.

9. When it prospers, the people suffer; when it dies, the people suffer.

The poet pointedly pointed out the fundamental opposition between the feudal ruling class and the working people, and it is commendable that he dared to speak out for the suffering of the people. Volume 5

1. "Drinking": "The mind is far away and is biased."

The spirit is detached from the world, and naturally the place where you live feels secluded. Such a person who is "far away from home", quiet and still reveals a little bit of the joy and contentment of picking chrysanthemums on the east fence! Such a poem could only be sung by a master like Tao Qian who was indifferent to fame and yet returned to his original nature. If we want to dig deeper, the beauty of this poem lies in the philosophy it contains. People are both material people and spiritual people. In a place where people gather together, noise is an objective reality and no one can avoid it. The only way to escape it is to get rid of it from your own mind. As long as your mind is refined, you can subjectively transcend reality and find peace in the midst of chaos.

2. "Looking at Dongting Lake and presenting it to Prime Minister Zhang": "Steaming clouds and dreamy lakes shake Yueyang City."

The author uses exaggerated rhetoric and cleverly uses "steaming" "Shake" is two verbs: even a huge lake like Yunmengze is shrouded in the steaming water vapor of Dongting Lake, which shows its rich accumulation; even a city as big as Yueyang City is shaken by its waves and crawls restlessly. Lying at its feet, you can see its great power.

In this way, the poem pushes the majestic and spectacular momentum of Dongting Lake to the extreme, which is very unique. Therefore, it is praised by the world as a famous line chanting Dongting Lake along with Du Fu's "Wu Chu is southeast of Wu, and the universe floats day and night".

3. "Traveling is Difficult": "There will be long winds and breaking waves, and the clouds and sails will be hung up to cross the sea."

These two lines are the climax of the whole poem, long winds and breaking waves , Zhigua, Ji Canghai, these words are written in one breath, sweeping away the depression caused by the confusion and depression in the front, and pushing the poetry to a peak with a broad realm. Here, we hear the poet's strong voice of confidence and outlook: Although there are many obstacles on the road ahead, one day, we can ride the wind and waves to reach the ideal shore. These two lines of poems highlight the poet's stubborn character and strong spiritual power in pursuing his ideals. Later generations often use these two poems to encourage themselves or encourage others to persist in pursuing their ideals.

4. "Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind": "Are there tens of millions of mansions? The poor people all over the world are covered with joy, and the wind and rain are unshakable, as peaceful as a mountain."

These three sentences Seven-character sentences are used before and after the poem, and nine-character sentences are used in the middle. The sentences follow one after another. Among them, the words "Guangsha", "Millions of Rooms", "Dabi", "World", "An Rushan" and other words have a loud voice, a sonorous rhythm and a broad realm. , appropriately expresses the author's inner passion and fiery hope. On this stormy autumn night, the poet not only lamented his own misfortune, he also issued a cry for change in the dark reality. Du Fu's passionate concern for the country and the people has been stirring the hearts of readers for thousands of years and has had a positive effect.

5. "Looking to the South of the Yangtze River": "Thousands of sails are not the same, but the slanting light and the flowing water are long."

It is a description of the scenery, but also embodies the feelings in it, and has a profound meaning. Looking at the thousands of sails on the river passing by, none of them are my husband's return boat. It's almost dusk, and only the setting sun is left on the river with affection. The river flows eastward for a long time, and the artistic conception is remote and desolate. It exaggerates the sorrow of a resentful woman and makes a wanderer wander around the world for a long time. The sentiment of returning home and letting down the connections in the boudoir is vividly expressed. The word "end" not only depicts the image of the sky being late, the river empty of boats, the desolation, but also the artistic conception of the resentful woman who has been leaning alone on the river tower for a long time, looking forward to her husband's return.

6. "The Proud of the Fisherman": "A glass of dirty wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, but there is no way for Yan Ran to return home."

Profoundly shows the inner world of the border guards. How can a cup of turbid wine relieve the homesickness of being thousands of miles away from home? But we cannot forget to share our worries for our country just because we are homesick. Then he wrote that he had not defeated the Huns and returned to the court like Dou Xian did, so he had no plans to go home yet. The poet wrote about the high sense of responsibility of the border guards who put national affairs first and bravely defended the border. At the same time, it also reflected his dissatisfaction with the Song Dynasty's policy of enduring humiliation and seeking peace, of "an internal peace within but a weak external environment", as well as his resentment that his achievements were unfulfilled and his ambitions were unfulfilled.

7. "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai": "Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect the flowers."

These two lines of poems are widely recited. It means that fallen flowers are not heartless things. They can be turned into fertile spring mud and re-cultivate beautiful flowers, giving their own lives in exchange for another spring with blooming flowers. The word "Luo Hong" in the poem is clearly the author's self-expression, indicating that although he was frustrated in his official career, he was unwilling to sink and still wanted to contribute to the country and nation. Because of the profound meaning of these two poems, they not only become a portrayal of Gong Zizhen's life spirit, but are also used by later generations to refer to those people with lofty ideals who are willing to devote themselves to their cause.

8. Why don’t men bring Wu hooks and collect the fifty states in Guanshan? Please come to Lingyan Pavilion for a while. How can I be a scholar and a marquis of ten thousand households?

The first question starts with a sharp and urgent sentence, containing the heroic sentiment that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country", expressing the poet's high spirits and urgency of eager to make contributions and serve the country. The second question The question sets off the necessity of the poet to join the army from the negative side, and further expresses the anger and passion of talent but not being met. The style of the poem also changes from high-spirited and exciting to melancholy and sad, with echoes in the urgency, anger in the pride, and full of family and country. Pain and grief. 9. "A Storm and Rainstorm on November 4th": Lying in a lonely village, I don't feel sorry for myself, but I still think about the country's fate. Late at night, I lie down listening to the wind and rain, and the iron horse glacier falls into my dream.

The first two sentences of the poem describe the poet's situation and mood. "Lying in a lonely village" describes the poet's situation, which is a realistic description; "Don't mourn for yourself" and "Still thinking about defending the country" "Luntai" reflects the author's mood and ambition. It is written fictitiously. The last two sentences turn to real writing, but there is still fictitiousness, such as the dream of "Iron Horse Glacier". The whole scene combines the author's reality (real) and life ambitions (virtual). Cleverly integrated, it fully expresses the poet's patriotism thoughts and feelings.

10. "Guan Mowing Wheat": What merit do I have now? I have never been engaged in farming and mulberry farming. The official salary is three hundred stones, and Yan has more than enough food every year. I feel ashamed thinking about this, and I will never forget it.

It mainly writes about the poet's deep guilt and uneasiness about the miserable situation of farmers, and expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. There is no discussion in the whole poem. Line drawings are mostly used in the narrative description, and the language is as plain as words, but

The words are full of sympathy for the workers.

Volume 6

1. "A View of the Han River": "The river flows beyond the sky and the earth, and the mountains are beautiful."

Appreciation: Looking around, The water of the Han River is turbulent, seeming to rush away from the sky and the earth. The distant mountains are shrouded in the steaming water vapor from the river, appearing and disappearing. It shows us the natural scene of the undulating river and the mountains shrouded in mist.

2. "Farewell to the School Secretary Shu Yun at Xie Tiao Tower in Xuanzhou": "Cut the knife to cut off the water, and the water will flow again; raise a cup to eliminate the sorrow and make it worse."

Appreciation: This sentence Using metaphors, it vividly illustrates that treating worries with negative thoughts cannot solve the problem. Because cutting off the water flow with a knife will make the water flow faster. It is absolutely impossible to relieve sorrow by drinking alcohol. Being drunk will only cause inner sorrow and resentment.

3. "Huanxi Sand": "There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the swallows return every year."

Appreciation: Flowers bloom and fall is a natural law, so there is no choice; the swallows come back every year Looking for the old nest, so it seems like we have seen each other before. The author confides to us that he feels the emptiness and boredom of life, and also laments the passage of time.

4. "Hunting in Jiangchengzi, Mizhou": "I can draw the eagle bow like a full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf."

Appreciation: This sentence expresses the author's desire to I will definitely draw my eagle bow to its full capacity and shoot at the invading Xixia army from the northwest. He expressed his patriotic spirit of serving the country and caring about the fate of the country.

5. "Breaking the circle, writing a heroic poem for Chen Tongfu": "Settled the affairs of the king and the world, and won the reputation before and after his death."

Appreciation: The author wants to complete the work for the court The Northern Expedition to the Jin people was a great mission to regain the lost territory, so as to gain meritorious service during their lifetime and a good reputation after death. It fully expresses the author's patriotic passion and ambition.

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