classic saying
Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle; If you don't know yourself, you will win and lose; If you don't know each other, if you don't know your friends, every battle will be dangerous.
explanation of famous sayings
the other side. Almost: dangerous. Have a thorough understanding of your own situation and the situation of the other side, and you will not fail in hundreds of battles; If you don't know the other side's situation and know your own situation, there will be wins and losses in fighting; If you don't know each other's situation and your own situation, you will lose every battle.
Life story
Military strategist in China, Sun Bin. Qi people in the mid-Warring States period. When I was young, I was lonely. When I was old, I studied the Art of War with Guiguzi, which showed my amazing military talent. Unexpectedly, he was assassinated because of this ...
When Sun Bin studied the Art of War with Guiguzi, there was a younger brother named Pang Juan. Although Pang Juan's academic talent is much worse than Sun Bin's, he is a cunning man, good at petty politics, and easily unnoticed. When he was a classmate with Sun Bin, he was very jealous of Sun Bin's talent, but he never showed it in his mouth. He repeatedly said that he must recommend his senior brother and share wealth in the future. Sun Bin, who is kind-hearted, is commensurate with the Pang Juan brothers, just like his own brothers.
A few years have passed in a flash, and Sun Bin and Pang Juan have made great progress in the art of war and military strategy through the careful training of Guiguzi. At this time, there was news of recruiting talents in Wei Huiwang. Pang Juan, originally from Wei, felt that the opportunity had come and decided to go down the mountain to take the call. When leaving, he promised Sun Bin that once the trip went smoothly, he would immediately introduce his senior brother down the mountain to help him do something. Sun Bin naturally expressed his deep gratitude and told him to take care of himself. The two of them tearfully said goodbye.
When Pang Juan arrived in Wei, he gave gifts and interceded with others, and soon he met Wei Huiwang. Pang Juan, after all, also has some skills, and soon got the appreciation of Wei Huiwang, and was made a general. Subsequently, Pang Juan commanded the army to go to war with Wei and Song, and after several victories, Pang Juan became a well-known figure in Wei, and from then on, he won the favor of Wei Huiwang.
Pang Juan was happy for a long time, then suddenly fell silent. It turned out that he had a heart disease: no one can catch up with him except Sun Bin in terms of the method of fighting in the world. The thought of Sun Bin gave him an indescribable taste. According to the original promise, you have to recommend Sun Bin to Wei Huiwang, and Sun Bin's reputation and prestige will soon surpass yourself; Don't fulfill the original promise. Once Sun Bin goes to other countries, it can only be put to good use to be no match for itself. Pang Juan couldn't sleep well, thinking about the countermeasures day and night.
One day, Sun Bin, who was studying the art of war on the mountain, received a secret letter from Pang Juan. In the letter, Pang Juanxian described the courtesy he received in Wei. Then he said that he strongly recommended his senior brother's incomparable talent to Wei Huiwang, and persuaded Hui Wang to invite him to Wei as a general. Sun Bin read the letter, thinking that he would have a chance to show his talents, and deeply felt that his younger brother was very loyal, and immediately accompanied people to the capital girder of Wei.
After Sun Bin came, Pang Juan gave a big banquet and treated him with great hospitality. A few days passed, but there was no news of Wei Huiwang, and Pang Juan didn't mention it. Sun Bin natural inconvenience to ask more, so we have to wait patiently.
On this day, Sun Bin was so idle that he found a book to read. Suddenly, there was a noise outside the house. Before he knew what was going on, he was tied up by the soldiers who broke into the house and pushed to a place. An official-looking man there immediately announced that Sun Bin was guilty of adultery with Qi, and was punished by Wei Huiwang's orders. Sun Bin was shocked by this sudden thing, then realized it and defended himself loudly. However, it was too late. too many cooks, the peak sexually soldier, stripped off Sun Bin's underwear, drew his sword and gouged out Sun Bin's two kneecaps, and tattooed a sign of crime on his face. Sun Bin lay down in a pool of blood.
It turns out that after Pang Juan tricked Sun Bin, he lied in front of Wei Huiwang, which made Sun Bin suffer from this injury. Pang Juan thought that after being punished, Sun Bin became a disabled person, even though he had great skills, it was difficult to compete with himself.
Sun Bin's wound is healing gradually, but he can't stand up anymore. Besides, there are people watching him all the time. He knew that Pang Juan was setting him up, and he hated her teeth, but it didn't work. We had to find a way out. Soon, Sun Bin went crazy. He cried, laughed and barked. The delivery man brought the food to eat, but he threw the bowl and rice far away. When Pang Juan heard this, he didn't believe that Sun Bin would be crazy, so he had him thrown into the pigsty and secretly sent someone to observe. Sun Bin fell down in the pigsty, covered in pig manure, and even stuffed it into his mouth and chewed it. Pang Juan thought that Sun Bin was really crazy, and since then, the supervision has gradually relaxed.
Sun Bin's feigning madness worked. He secretly stepped up his search for an opportunity to escape from the jaws of death. One day, he heard that an envoy of the State of Qi had come to Daliang, so he found a gap and secretly went to visit. After listening to Sun Bin's account, the envoys of the State of Qi decided that he was a great talent and admired him very much, so they promised to help him escape. In this way, Sun Bin hid in the car of Qi envoys and secretly returned to Qi.
At this time, Qi and Wei were contending for hegemony and fighting constantly. As early as 386 BC, Tian nobles, representing the emerging landlord class, carried out a series of social reforms, selected civil and military talents, adhered to the border and resisted external threats after Qi took power. After Sun Bin returned home, he soon met Tian Ji, the general of Qi State. Tian Ji appreciated Sun Bin's talent very much, so he left him in the house and treated him with courtesy and hospitality.
Tian Ji likes horse racing, but he often loses. On one occasion, he competed with Qi Weiwang in horse racing, and the horse was ranked third, middle and lower, and lost all three races. Tian Ji was very frustrated. At this time, it happened that Sun Bin was present, so he gave Tian Ji an idea and said, "When you wait for the next round of competition, you will surely win by mounting your horse against Zhong Ma, dismounting from Zhong Ma against Wei Wang, and dismounting from the horse against Wei Wang." Tian Ji acted according to the plan, resulting in two local advantages and one local disadvantage, and won the daughter of the King of Qi with one loss and two wins. Qi Weiwang, who has always won, was surprised to lose this time. He asked Tian Ji why. Tian Ji called Sun Bin and took the opportunity to recommend him to Qi Weiwang.
Qi Weiwang saw that he was a disabled person whose legs were tortured. At first, he didn't mind. When Sun Bin stated his views on the war, Qi Weiwang deliberately asked, "In your opinion, can the world be subdued without force?" Sun Bin decisively replied: "This is impossible. Only when you win, the world will be surrendered." Then, he cited the fact that the Yellow Emperor attacked you, the Yao Emperor attacked workers, Shun Di recruited three seedlings, and the King Wu attacked Zhou, which showed that all dynasties solved problems by force and achieved national reunification by war. This profound and original analysis greatly shocked Qi Weiwang. Ask about the art of war, Sun Bin is gushing, answer such as flow. Qi Weiwang felt that Sun Bin was really not simple. From then on, he was regarded as "Mr." and regarded him as a teacher.
in 354 BC, Pang Juan, the general of Wei, sent 8, troops and surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao by surprise attack. Unable to resist, Zhao sent messengers to Qi for help. Qi Weiwang wanted to send Sun Bin as a general, and led his troops to help Zhao. Politely decline, Sun Bin, said, "I am a disabled person who has been punished. It is inconvenient to lead troops. I'd better ask Dr. Tian to be the general. I'll give you an idea from the side!" Qi Weiwang thought about it, so he worshipped Tian Ji as a general and Sun Bin as a strategist, and sent his troops to save Zhao. When the army came out, Tian Ji wanted to go straight to Handan and quickly solve the siege of Zhao. Sun Bin disapproved of this kind of head-on tactics, and proposed that he should take advantage of the emptiness of Wei's domestic forces to send his troops straight for Wei's capital, forcing Wei Jun to rush to Zhao's rescue. This strategic thought will avoid the fatigue of the Qi army's long-distance attack, which will lead Wei Jun to be passive and immediately adopted by Tian Ji, leading the Qi army to kill the girders.
Wei Jun finally captured Handan, but news came that the Qi army was under siege and the capital of Wei was in a hurry. Pang Juan did not take a break from his troops. Except for a few troops to defend Handan, he was busy leading the army to help the girders. Unexpectedly, I went to Guiling and was surrounded by the Qi army. Wei Jun has been working hard for a long time, and his foot soldiers are exhausted. How can he stand up to the Qi army? Results were beaten out of the water, defeated and fled, even the Lord Pang Juan was captured alive. In the end, Wei had to make peace with Qi and return it to Handan obediently. This is the famous battle of "encircling Wei to save Zhao" in history. In fact, it is also a heavy blow from Sun Bin to Pang Juan. But Sun Bin didn't kill Pang Juan. He just disciplined him and let him go.
more than 1 years after the battle of Guilin, that is, in 342 BC, Pang Juan led another 1, troops and 1, personnel carriers to attack South Korea in three ways. Small South Korea couldn't resist Pang Juan's attack. At that time, the situation was critical, so it sent envoys one after another to ask Qi for help. Qi Weiwang called his ministers to discuss countermeasures. Some advocated sitting quietly, others advocated sending troops to rescue, and they were at loggerheads with each other. Sun Bin hasn't spoken. When Qi Weiwang saw this, he said, "Do you think these two opinions are wrong?" Sun Bin nodded and said, "Yes. I think that Wei bullies the weak, and if Korea is captured, it will definitely be bad for Qi, so I don't agree with from ruin's idea. However, Wei is now in full swing. If we rush to send troops, won't we have to take the initial blow instead of the Korean army? " Qi Weiwang said, "Well, what should I do according to my husband's opinion?" Sun Bin said: "I think we can agree to the Korean request first. They know that we can send troops to save it, and we must fight against the invading Wei Jun with all our strength; And Wei Jun after fierce fighting, human and material resources will also be greatly consumed. At that time, we will send troops to attack the exhausted Wei Jun and save the South Korea in distress, so that we can use less force and see more achievements, and win easily and benefit greatly. I wonder what your majesty thinks? " Qi Weiwang appreciated Sun Bin's remonstrance and immediately adopted it. A year later, when the fighting between Wei and Han armies became more intense and the strength of both sides was greatly weakened, Qi Weiwang decided to send troops to fight, with Tian Ji as the main commander and Sun Bin as the strategist. Thus, Sun Bin and Pang Juan once again met on the battlefield and started a large-scale life-and-death contest.
At the beginning of the campaign, according to Sun Bin's plan, the Qi army marched in and pointed the attack at the capital girder of Wei. Soon after, Sun Bin learned that Pang Juan had returned to the capital and said to Tian Ji, "Wei Jun has always been brave and brave, and now he is eager to fight a decisive battle with our army. We must seize this psychology and induce them to be fooled. " Tian Ji said, "The strategist means ..." Sun Bin interjected, "We can pretend to be timid and afraid of fighting, and lure the enemy deeper by forcing troops to cut corners." Subsequently, Sun Bin narrated Tian Ji in this way. When Pang Juan traveled back to Wei's homeland day and night, he sent a command to seize the main force of the Qi army and fight it out. Unexpectedly, the Qi army refused to engage in war and retreated eastward at the slightest contact. Pang Juan followed closely. On the first day, I saw that there were 1 thousand people's cooking stoves in the Qi army camp; The next day, there were 5 thousand people left in the kitchen; On the third day, there were only 3, people left. Pang Juan was happy when he saw this, and said proudly, "I knew all the soldiers in Qi were cowards, and now most of them have escaped in less than three days!" Therefore, the order was given: leave the infantry and heavy materials behind, concentrate the cavalry to move forward lightly, and chase and annihilate the Qi army.
Sun Bin learned about the report of Pang Juan's Qingqi pursuit, and said happily to everyone: "The end of Pang Juan has come!" At this time, the Qi army just came to a place called Maling. Maling is located between two high mountains, with dense trees and dangerous mountains. There is only a narrow path in the middle, which is a good battlefield for ambush and body count. Sun Bin ordered: cut down trees on the spot and block the path; Choose another big tree by the roadside, scrape off a section of bark and write on the trunk: "Pang Juan died under this tree!" " A few big characters. Subsequently, 1, archers were ordered to ambush in the dense forests on both sides, and they were told to shoot arrows together as long as they saw a fire in Shuda at night. While speaking, in the evening, Pang Juan led Shen Jun cavalry really came to Maling. I heard that the road ahead was blocked by trees, so Pang Juan was busy looking forward to it. In the twilight, he saw a big tree beside the road, and there was a faint word on the white stubble, so he ordered someone to light a torch. When Pang Juan saw the line on the tree, he was surprised and knew that he had been tricked by Sun Bin. He urged Wei Jun to back off, but it was too late. The Qi army, which was lying in ambush in the forest, was in full swing, and Wei Jun, who was caught off guard, suffered numerous casualties and was in a mess. Pang Juan was seriously injured, knowing that the defeat was decided, he pulled out his sword and committed suicide. Qi attacked Wei Jun's follow-up troops, and even Prince Wei was captured.
Sun Bin skillfully used the magic weapon to defeat the powerful state of Wei one after another, and his fame quickly spread all over the world. After Ma Ling's triumph, the King of Qi wanted to give Sun Bin an official rank and a knighthood, but he refused, and even requested to be relieved of the position of strategist. Later, he found a quiet place, recruited a few students, summarized and studied the knowledge of the art of war he had learned in his early years and his own combat experience, and wrote 89 articles of Sun Bin's Art of War, with 4 volumes of combat maps attached.
After that, Sun Bin's fame spread all over the vassal states. Sun Bin's The Art of War was probably lost at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In 1972, it was rediscovered in the Han tomb in Queshan, Linyi, Shandong Province. There are more than eleven thousand words.
Comments by famous experts
(Tang) Zhou Tan: He once suspected that he had outwitted himself and harmed the sage, but he knew how to set himself on fire quickly. It's not enough to break your foot, so whoever meets you will not pay you. ("Sun Bin")
Mao Zedong: Attacking Wei to save Zhao, because he defeated Wei Jun, he was an expert through the ages.
Wei Xinyi: Turning friends into enemies, deceiving others and being jealous are the dramatic connotations of this war (the Battle of Maling).