1. What are the important knowledge points in the literature of Pre-Qin, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties?
Confucian classics. "Five Classics" refers to "Book of Songs", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn". "Six Classics" is also called Six Arts, added after "Five Classics" ("Yue"). "Four Books" refers to "The Analects", "Mencius", "Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean". B. Historical prose. "Zuo Zhuan", "Warring States Policy", "Guoyu". "Spring and Autumn Period". "Zuo Zhuan", "Gu Liang Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan". C. Hundreds of Scholars Prose. The famous ones include: ① Laozi, Li Er, whose courtesy name is Dan (dān), the founder of the Taoist school and the author of the Tao Te Ching. ② Confucius, whose name is Qiu and whose courtesy name is Zhongni. He is the founder of the Confucian school. The Analects is A book written by Confucius' disciples recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. ③ Mozi's name is Zhai (dí), the founder of the Mohist school. Chapter 53 of "Mozi". ④ Mencius's name is Ke, whose courtesy name is Ziyu. The successor of the Confucian school. "Mencius" It is a book written by Mencius students to record Mencius' words and deeds. "If you gain the right, you will get many help, but if you lose the right, you will get few", "Born in sorrow, die in happiness", "Zhuang met Mencius violently", "I want to fish". ⑤ Zhuangzi, named Zhou, Warring States Period Taoist. Author of "Zhuangzi". "The Cook Ding Jie Niu" ⑥ Xunzi, a Confucianist in the Warring States Period, author of 32 chapters of "Xunzi". "Encouragement to Learning" ⑦ Han Feizi, Legalist. Author of "Han Feizi". "Bian Que Meets with Duke Huan of Cai", "Five ⑧"Lü Shi Chun Qiu", also known as "Lü Lan", is the collective creation of Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei and his disciples. ". Pre-Qin Poetry A. "The Book of Songs". "The Book of Songs" is China's first collection of poetry, with 305 chapters, divided into three categories: Feng, Ya, and Song. Feng is a folk song, Ya is a music song, and Song is a sacrificial song. The expression techniques of the Book of Songs are Bi, Xing, and Fu. Bi means metaphor. Xing, preface other things to evoke the words to be chanted, and Fu, directly state the matter. B. "Songs of Chu". Liu Xiang, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, compared Qu Yuan and Song Yu The works of others were compiled into a book, named "Chu Ci". Qu Yuan (340 BC - 277 BC) was a great patriotic poet in China. He served as a Zuo Tu Sanlu official in the Chu State. His representative work is "Li Sao" ", "Nine Songs", "Nine Chapters". Literature of the Two Han Dynasties and Prose of the Han Dynasty ① Jia Yi, known as Jia Sheng in the world. Also known as Jia Changsha, Jia Taifu. Author of ten volumes of "New Book". "On Passing the Qin Dynasty", "On Accumulation and Storage" "Shu" is his representative work. ② Sima Qian, also known as Zichang, is a great historian and writer. He wrote "Historical Records" and pioneered the "Jiu Zhuan style", which is divided into Benji, family, biographies, lists and books. Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "The historian's swan song, the rhymeless Li Sao". ③ Ban Gu's "Book of Han" and Liu Xiang's "Warring States Policy" are famous in the historical annals. Yuefu folk songs and fu music, folk music; government, official. Yuefu was originally the music institution of the Han Dynasty The collected poems. "The Peacock Flying Southeast" is the peak of the development of Yuefu narrative in the Han Dynasty. It was first seen in "New Odes of Yutai" compiled by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties. Fu is a synthesis of ancient Chinese verse and prose. Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu" , "Shanglin Fu". Jia Yi's "Diao Qu Yuan Fu" are all very famous. Literature of the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties Poetry and prose of the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties ① "Three Cao". "Three Cao" refers to Cao Cao and his son Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi. Cao Cao "Guan Cang Hai", Cao Pi's "Hao Li Xing", Cao Zhi's "Famous Capital Pian", "White Horse Pian", and "Luo Shen Fu" are all famous. ② "Seven Sons of Jian'an". Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Qian, Ruan Yu, Ying Zhen, Liu Zhen ③ "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji, Jikang, Shantao, Liu Ling, Wang Rong, Xiang Xiu, Ruan Xian ④ Tao Yuanming, named Qian, courtesy name Yuanliang, known as Mr. Jingjie in the world "The Peach Blossom Spring", "Returning to the Field", "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", and "Drinking" are works handed down from generation to generation. ⑤ In addition, Zhuge Liang's "Chu Shi Biao", Fan Ye (yè) "The Book of the Later Han", Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms" , Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection", Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long", and Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu" are all famous in history. Novels of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties ① Strange novels are represented by Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji". "Mo Xie". ②Anecdotal novels are represented by Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" and "Zhou Chu".
2. Chinese pre-Qin literary knowledge: What are the pre-Qin, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties literature?
1. Prose from various schools of thought. The famous ones include: ① Laozi, Li Er, Zi Dan (dān), the founder of the Taoist school, authored the "Tao Te Ching". ② Confucius's name was Qiu, and his courtesy name was Zhongni. He was the founder of the Confucian school. "The Analects" is a book written by Confucius' disciples recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. ③Mo His name is Zhai (dí), the founder of the Mohist school. "Mozi" has 53 chapters. ④ Mencius's name is Ke, whose courtesy name is Ziyu. He is the successor of the Confucian school. "Mencius" is a book written by Mencius students to record Mencius' words and deeds. "With few help", "Born in sorrow, died in happiness", "Zhuang met Mencius violently", "Fish is what I want". ⑤ Zhuangzi, named Zhou, was a Taoist in the Warring States Period. Author of "Zhuangzi". "The Cooking Ding Jie Niu" ⑥Xunzi , a Confucianist of the Warring States Period, wrote 32 chapters of "Xunzi". "Encouragement to Learning" ⑦ Han Feizi, Legalist. Author of "Han Feizi". "Bian Que Meets Duke Huan of Cai", "Five Beetles", "Zhi Zi Suspicious of Neighbors". ⑧ "Lu's Spring and Autumn Period" "Also known as "Lü Lan", it is the collective creation of Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei and his disciples. "Cha Jin". ⑨ Li Si's representative work is the prose "Book of Remonstrance and Chasing Guests". Pre-Qin Poetry A. "Book of Songs". "Book of Songs" is China's first collection of poetry, with 305 articles, divided into three categories: Feng, Ya, and Song. Feng is a folk song, Ya is a music song, and Song is a sacrificial song. The expression techniques of the Book of Songs are Bi, Xing, and Fu. Bi means metaphor. . Xing, preface other things to evoke the words to be chanted, Fu, directly state the matter. B. "Songs of Chu". Liu Xiang, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, compiled the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book, and named it "Songs of Chu". Qu Yuan (340 B.C. - 277 B.C.) was a great patriotic poet in China. He once served as a Zuo Tu Sanlu official in Chu State. His representative works are "Li Sao", "Nine Songs" and "Nine Chapters". Literature of the Han Dynasty Prose of the Han Dynasty ① Jia Yi, known as Jia Sheng in the world. Also known as Jia Changsha, Jia Taifu. He wrote ten volumes of "New Book". "On Guo Qin" and "On Accumulation and Storage" are his representative works. ② Sima Qian, courtesy name Zichang, A great historian and litterateur. He wrote "Historical Records" and pioneered the "biography style", which is divided into current era, family, biographies, lists and books. Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "the swan song of historians, the unrhymed Li Sao". ③ Ban Gu's "Book of Han" and "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang are all famous in the historical annals. Yuefu folk songs and fuyue, folk music; government, official. Yuefu was originally a poem collected by the music agency of the Han Dynasty. "The Peacock Flies Southeast" is a Han Yuefu narrative The peak of development. It was first seen in "New Odes of Yutai" compiled by Xu Ling of the Southern Dynasty. Fu is a synthesis of ancient Chinese verse and prose. Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu" and "Shanglin Fu". Jia Yi's "Diao Qu Yuan Fu" They are all famous. Literature of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Poetry and prose of the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties ① "Three Caos". The "Three Caos" are Cao Cao and his son Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi. Cao Cao's "Guan Cang Hai", Cao Pi's "Hao Li Xing", Cao Zhi His "Famous Capital Pian", "White Horse Pian" and "Luo Shen Fu" are all very famous. ② "Seven Sons of Jian'an". Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Qian, Ruan Yu, Ying Yu, Liu Zhen ③ "Seven Sons of Bamboo Forest" "Xian". Ruan Ji, Jikang, Shantao, Liu Ling, Wang Rong, Xiang Xiu, Ruan Xian ④ Tao Yuanming, named Qian, courtesy name Yuanliang, known as Mr. Jingjie in the world. "The Peach Blossom Spring", "Returning Letters", " Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" and "Drinking Drinking" are works handed down from generation to generation. ⑤ In addition, Zhuge Liang's "Shi Shi Biao", Fan Ye (yè) "Book of the Later Han", Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection", Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long" ", Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu" are all famous in the annals of history. Novels of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties ① Strange novels are represented by Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji". "Qian Jiang Mo Xie". ② Anecdotal novels are represented by Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo" "Xinyu" is the representative. "Zhou Chu". 2. Historical prose. "Zuo Zhuan", "Warring States Policy", "Guoyu". "Spring and Autumn Period". "Zuo Zhuan", "Gu Liang Zhuan", "Gong Yang Zhuan" 》 3. Confucian classics. "Five Classics" refers to "The Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Book of Rites", "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn". "Six Classics" is also called the Six Arts, added after "Five Classics" ("Le" ). "Four Books" refers to "The Analects", "Mencius", and "The Great Learning".
3. 30 literary knowledge questions are urgently needed and must be original
1. The literature from ancient China to the unification of China by Qin Shihuang (221 BC) is called pre-Qin literature.
2. Myths were created before writing was invented.
Myths are full of rich imagination and are the source of Chinese romantic literature.
3. The most widely circulated myths in China are "Nuwa patching up the sky", "Houyi shooting the sun", "Jingwei filling up the sea", "Chang'e flying to the moon", etc. 4. "Shangshu" is the earliest collection of historical documents in China. It is said that it was compiled and selected by Confucius.
5. "The Book of Songs" is China's earliest poetry collection, which collects 305 pieces of music from various local ethnic groups and temples from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. 6. "Songs of Chu" was compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty and contains poems written by Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Because it has the local accent of Chu, it is called "Songs of Chu" and has a profound influence on the literary creation of future generations.
7. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China. "Li Sao" is Qu Yuan's representative work and the only long lyric prose. 8. "The road is long and far away, I will search up and down" is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's "Li Sao".
9. Pre-Qin prose refers to prose before the Qin Dynasty, which is divided into two categories: historical prose and scholarly prose. "Zuo Zhuan" and "Warring States Policy" are representatives of pre-Qin historical prose.
"The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius", "Mozi" and "Zhuangzi" are representatives of the prose of pre-Qin scholars. 10. "Zuo Zhuan" is China's first narrative history work. It has high achievements in history, literature and language.
11. "The Analects" is a collection of quotation-style prose, which records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. It was written by Confucius's students. This Confucian classic had a huge impact on Chinese culture.
12. "Wouldn't it be nice to have friends come from afar?" Things should not be done by others), this is a famous saying in Confucius' "The Analects". 13. Han Fu is a new literary form that emerged in the Han Dynasty.
It is a kind of poetic prose. 14. Jia Yi was an outstanding politician and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty.
The most famous of his prose is the political treatise "On the Passage of Qin". 15. Sima Xiangru was an outstanding writer of poetry in the Western Han Dynasty. "Zixu Fu" and "Shanglin Fu" are his representative works.
16. "Historical Records" is a history book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. It is also a model of biographical literature. 17. Yuefu folk songs of the Han Dynasty occupy an important position in the history of the development of Chinese poetry.
Yuefu originally referred to the music organization established during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, people called the poems collected, compiled and preserved by the Yuefu organization called Yuefu poetry. 18. "The Peacock Flies Southeast" is an outstanding long narrative poem in ancient China. It narrates the love tragedy of a young man and woman. It is the peak of the development of Han Dynasty Yuefu narrative poetry.
19. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is a group of anonymous short poems written in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is a development of Yuefu folk songs and marks the mature stage of the five-character poetry technique. 20. During the Jian'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty, a group of literati poems inherited the realist spirit of Han Yuefu folk songs and had a unique style of "generosity and sadness", which was called the "Jian'an style".
21. The representative writers of Jian'an literature are Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi, collectively known as the "Three Caos". 22. "The old man is still in trouble, but his ambition is thousands of miles; the martyr's old age is full of ambition" is a famous line in Cao Cao's "The Turtle Lives Longevity", which expresses the hero's ambition to grow stronger with age.
23. Cai Yan, also known as Wenji, was a female poet during the Jian'an period. Her five-character "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" expresses the suffering of the people caused by the political turmoil in the late Han Dynasty.
24. Ruan Ji was the writer with the highest literary achievement in the Zhengshi period. He had 82 five-character poems, collectively titled "Poems of Ode to Huai". 25. Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420 AD).
His poems express the tranquil and tranquil life scenes in the countryside, and he is called a "pastoral poet". 26. "Peach Blossom Spring Poem" written by Tao Yuanming in his later period marked a new height of his thought and art. Here the poet proposed the social ideal of "Xanadu".
27. The long lyrical poem "Xizhou Song" represents the highest achievement in the artistic development of folk songs in the Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD).
28. "The sky is blue, the fields are vast, and the wind blows the grass, so you can see the cattle and sheep" is a verse from the Northern Dynasties folk song "Celege", which describes the scenery of the northern prairie.
29. "Poetry of Mulan" is an outstanding representative work of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties. It describes the touching story of the heroine Hua Mulan who joins the army in place of her father. 30. Xie Lingyun, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, was the founder of the landscape poetry school.
31. Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji" is a representative of the strange novels in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. 30. "Shishuoxinyu" written by Liu Yiqing is a short essay that records the words, deeds and interesting stories of some characters in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is lively and concise in writing.
2 Four Characters
3 Qu Yuan
4 Songs of Chu
5 Songs of Chu in the Book of Songs
6 "Seven Hairs" 》
7 Sima Xiangru
8 "Historical Records"
9 "Historical Records" Sima Qian
10 "Peacock Flying Southeast" Yuefu Shuang Wall
11 "Nineteen Ancient Poems"
12 Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi
13 Pastoral Poems
14 "Wen Xin Diao Long" 》 "Poetry"
15 Tang Poems and Song Ci
16 Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Shangyin, Du Mu, Li Bai
17 "From Beijing to Fengxian County, Five Hundred Words" Du Fu
18 Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and "Pipa Xing"
19 Li Qingzhao, Li Yu, Su Shi, Xin Qiji
20 Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu's prose language in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties
21 Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Che, Su Xun, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong
22 Guan Hanqing, "The Injustice of Dou E" and "Single Sword Club", Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Bai Renpu
23 "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"
24 "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "A Dream of Red Mansions", "Journey to the West", "Jin Ping Mei"
25 "Travel Notes of Lao Can", "The Appearance of Officialdom", "Strange Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years" and "Nie Haihua"
26 Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"
27 "The Scholars" and "A Dream of Red Mansions"
28 Lu Xun's "Diary of a Madman"
29 Hu Shi's " Attempt Collection"
30 "Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance"
31 Xu Chi "Goldbach's Conjecture"
32 "Midnight"
33 Works by Bai Mang
34 National Style and Li Sao
35 "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects", "Mencius", "The Great Learning"; "The Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Book of Rites" ", "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn"
36 A, B, B, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Rengui
37 Rites, music, shooting, imperialism, calligraphy, number
38 "The Analects"
39 "Mencius Encouraging Learning"
40 Pu Songling's "Shi to the Fortress"
5. 10 Literary Knowledge Competition Questions
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1. One of the most romantic works among the prose works of the pre-Qin scholars is (B) A. "Han Feizi" B. "Zhuangzi" C. "Mencius" D. "Xunzi" 2. "Promise" - Which of the following works does the quote come from (D) A. "Jianjia" B. "Li Sao" C. "Dan Ge Xing" D. "Meng" 3. Which of the following is the ideological point of view of "guarding the people's mouths is better than guarding the rivers" (A) proposed in this article A. "Shao Gong admonished King Li to eliminate the slander" B. "The first general of Su Qin, Lian Heng, spoke of Qin" C. "The battle at the edge of the city between Jin and Chu" D. "Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army" 4. "Xizhou Song" expresses (A) A. The girl's endless longing for her lover B. The wanderer's endless longing for his hometown C. The wife's endless longing for her husband D. The son's endless longing for his parents 5. The early Tang Dynasty. The style of Liang poetry exemplifies "elegance and interest" and "the character of the Han and Wei dynasties". The famous poets who innovated the content of poetry under the banner of retro are (D) A. Wang Bo B. Lu Zhaolin C. Shen Qi D. Chen Zi'ang 6. Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River" The basic clue of the structure of "Flower Moon Night" is (B) A. The flow process of the river B. The rising and falling process of the moon C. The spatial transformation of the flower forest D. The floating appearance and disappearance of the white clouds 7. Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village" is a famous song (C) A. Landscape poetry B. Frontier poetry C. Pastoral poetry D. Philosophical poetry 8. Which of the following works expresses the desire to return to seclusion (B) A. Tao Yuanming
"Ode to Jing Ke" B. Yu Wei's "Mountain Residence in Autumn" C. Ruan Ji's "Unable to Sleep at Night" D. Du Gouhe's "The Widow in the Mountains" 9. The lingering love and the pain of lovesickness written in the Tang Dynasty are affectionate and smooth. The poet who is obscure and tortuous and typically expresses the love psychology of feudal literati is (D) A. Li He B. Liu Yuxi C. Bai Juyi D. Li Shangyin 10. Chao Cuo is a famous prose writer in the (A) era.
A. Han B. Tang C. Song D. Yuan.
6. What is Pre-Qin literature
Pre-Qin means before the Qin Dynasty, referring to the history before the Qin Dynasty unified the world in 221 BC, including China's primitive society, slave society and early feudal society three social forms.
Pre-Qin literature is the earliest stage of the development of ancient Chinese literature. It includes literature from various historical periods before the Qin Dynasty. Chinese literature originated very early. During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, there was already a preliminary literature, and written characters began to be produced.
There are ancient myths and ancient songs that have become the forerunners of ancient Chinese literature. The oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, hexagrams and lines in the "Book of Changes" in the Yin, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, as well as certain imperial edicts in the "Book of Changes" are the germination of prose.
Narrative prose such as "Zuo Zhuan", "Guoyu", "Warring States Policy" and reasoning prose of various scholars such as "The Analects", "Mencius", "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Mozi" , "Xunzi", "Han Feizi", etc., reaching the highest achievement of pre-Qin prose. The Book of Songs, a collection of poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty, created a fine tradition of Chinese literature with the spirit of realism and the artistic techniques of bixing.
In the late Warring States period, individual independent creation appeared in poetry creation, and the first great poet Qu Yuan was produced. Pre-Qin literature is the first stage of the development of ancient literature. Poetry and prose are the main literary styles of this period. Realism and romantic creative methods have been formed. This is a rich and solid cornerstone for the development of our country's literature. It is also the development of our country's literature. Brilliant and a good start.