source

From the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu's Book of Letters, the original poem is "Before he could conquer, he died, and the hero cried on his skirt". Interpretation: It's a pity that he died in the army when he started attacking Wei, which often made heroes of all ages cry!

Shuxiang is an epic poem written by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, when he visited Wuhou Temple in the second year after he settled in Chengdu Caotang.

The original poem of the book

Shuchengxiang temple

Du Fu

Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?

The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.

The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.

Understandable translation

Where can I find Zhuge Liang ancestral temple in Wuhou? In the dense cypress forest on the outskirts of Chengdu. The green grass reflects the natural spring scenery on the steps, and the orioles on the trees sing to each other through the branches. It is believed that the ancestors of the world visited the cottage three times, assisted the founding of the two dynasties, and worked faithfully. It's a pity that Wei died in the army before he was defeated, and the heroes of past dynasties burst into tears!

Creation background

According to Qiu Zhu, Shu Xiang was written by Du Fu in the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760). In December of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), Du Fu ended his four-year exile in Qin Zhou and Tonggu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and, with the support of his friends, settled by Huanhua River in Chengdu. Chengdu used to be the capital of Shu and Han, and there is Zhuge Liang Temple in the northwest of the city, which is called Wuhou Temple. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Tang Suzong visited Zhuge Wuhou Temple and wrote this touching poem.

In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu Han Dynasty (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu and appointed Zhuge Liang as prime minister. "Shu Xiang" means the prime minister of Shu Han. This poem entitled "Shu Xiang" was written by Zhuge Liang. Although Du Fu cherished the political ideal of "being a gentleman, being Yao and Shun", his career was bumpy and his ambition could not be displayed. When he wrote the poem Shuxiang, the Anshi rebellion had not subsided. He witnessed the country's crisis and the loss of life. He volunteered to serve the country and had no choice. Therefore, he admires and respects Zhuge Liang for creating a foundation and saving the current situation.

Make an appreciative comment

This seven-melody book expresses the poet's reverence for Zhuge Liang's wisdom and virtue and his unfinished mood. Combining emotion, scenery and discussion in one furnace, it not only comments on history, but also contains reality, which can be called the swan song of Zhuge Liang's poems in past dynasties.

The last couple of the poem "died before they could conquer, and the heroes cried on their coats", lamenting the historical misfortune of Zhuge Liang's failure in the army when he died of illness. The tragic ending of Zhuge Liang's dying ambition is undoubtedly a hymn of life. He practiced the oath of "do my best and die before you die" with actions, which further sublimated the spiritual realm of this ancient outstanding politician and produced the power to make people work hard.

This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay tribute to the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, which reflects the reality from the description of the scenery and reveals the poet's concern for the country and the people; The last four sentences praise the talent of the Prime Minister and cherish the memory of the sages from historical recollection, which contain many expectations and longings for the destiny of the motherland. The whole poem has profound implications and profound sustenance, resulting in a deep and sad artistic conception. In a word, this seven laws discourse is very simple, but it has a large capacity and a high degree of generalization. In just 56 words, it tells the story of Zhuge Liang's life and shows readers an immortal Zhuge Liang. When patriots and ordinary readers of later generations recited this poem, they felt reverence for Zhuge Liang. Especially when I read the sentence "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats", I couldn't help crying.

In artistic expression, questions are answered by themselves, facts are sketched, scenes are blended, narration and discussion are combined, the structure is seamless, the levels are agitated, and there is a language charm of refining words and cutting sentences and harmonious tone, which makes people sigh and have endless aftertaste. Du Fu's poems are called "gloomy and frustrated", and the book is a typical representative.

Brief introduction of the author

Du fu (7 12 ~ 770) tried to call himself a young man with beautiful words. Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.