1. Analyze the structure of the work and summarize the theme of the work

1. Pay attention to the overall concept of the work, the threads throughout, and the relationship and arrangement of each part and aspect.

(1) Division of paragraph levels

Division criteria: changes in the author’s thoughts and feelings, time sequence, location changes, content changes, total score and overall structure, etc.

Applicable skills: language markers (related words: first...secondly; on the one hand...on the other hand; not only...but also); similarity structure; scene description and lyrical discussion; punctuation marks can be used within the paragraph such as Start with semicolons and periods.

(2) The relationship between each paragraph level: total score relationship, progressive relationship, turning relationship

(3) Selection and arrangement of materials: A. Around the center B. Detailed Appropriate

The detailed basis material plays an important role in the ideological content, with profound connotation and vivid plot; the abbreviated material plays a supplementary and foil role in the theme. C. Organization method: temporal sequence, spatial sequence, logical sequence

(4) Clues: The sequence that runs through the text and connects characters and events is called a clue.

A. Method: single line and double line (primary and secondary, light and dark)

B. Content: passage of time, location and space transformation, character’s whereabouts, emotional changes (narrative prose) ;Something (lyrical prose)

C. Function: organize materials, structure the whole article, and emotional context.

(5) Sequence A. Chronological narration: describe clearly in time or space order; B. Flashback: create suspense and fascinating; C. Interlude: make necessary foreshadowing for the main plot or central event Analogy and supplementary explanation make the plot more complete, the structure more rigorous, and the content more substantial; D. Supplementary narration: Supplementary explanation of the above content and some explanation of the following; E. Plain narration: (referring to the narration of two or more things (Things that happened at the same time) make things clear and take care of them appropriately.

(6) Beginning: Take control of the whole story and lead the following; exaggerate the atmosphere and set the tone; set up suspense and lay down the foreshadowing.

(7) Transition: connecting the previous and the next, transforming naturally; connecting events, changing scenes; close connection, coherent from top to bottom; rigorous structure, seamless.

(8) Ending: Echoing the previous text, the final chapter reveals the ambition and deepens the main theme; it is thought-provoking, lingering, and unforgettable. (9) Before and after: connect the context, highlight the center, and exaggerate the atmosphere

(10) Set up suspense (set up foreshadowing): Cleverly set up suspense to make the article ups and downs, lead to the following, the theme is prominent, and the plot is moving. Engage readers.

(11) Circumference (first restraint and then ascending): To prevent the article from being straightforward, ups and downs, and swaying.

2. Summary of the theme of the work:

It is necessary to proceed from the actual work, paying attention to the atmosphere of the times, the social environment and the author's thoughts and feelings. (That is, through the description of..., the work creates the atmosphere of..., praises or reveals the spirit or reality of..., expresses the feelings of..., and conveys a social ideal or value concept of...)

(1) Summary question type: summarize the paragraph content, summarize the hierarchical content, and summarize the theme of the work. (2) Summary form: basically copy the original sentences; transform the original sentences and recombine them with important words and phrases; summarize them in your own words based on the general idea.

(3) Grasp the key sentences: A. From the content point of view, grasp the sentences that can reveal the meaning and main theme of the question, and grasp the sentences in each paragraph that can summarize the meaning of the paragraph; B. From the structural point of view, pay attention to the sentences after the lead. The text or sentences that conclude the previous text, sentences that echo back and forth, connect the previous and the next, sentences with important demonstrative pronouns, sentences that are at the beginning and end of the whole text or the whole paragraph, sentences that form independent paragraphs;

C. From the expression method From a rhetorical point of view, pay attention to sentences that are directly lyrical or indirect lyrical, pay attention to sentences expressing opinions, and philosophical sentences with rich meaning; D. From a rhetorical point of view, pay attention to those sentences that use metaphors, rhetorical questions, serial questions, parallelism, symbolism and other techniques, and Sentences with relatively implicit semantics. E. From the meaning point of view, pay attention to contradictory sentences, confusing sentences, profound sentences, obscure sentences, and sentences with implicit meaning (pun).

(4) Combined with stylistic characteristics: 1. Lyrical prose: what scenery is written, what emotions are expressed or what philosophy is elucidated; 2. Narrative prose: what characters or events are described, what expressions are expressed What spirit or personality; 3. Argumentative prose: What arguments are used to prove what views.

(5) The theme of prose is rich and complex in emotion, which is similar to poetry.

There are feelings of longing for, love for, and blessings for my hometown, reflections on the poor life in the past, praise of the great changes in the present, and expectations for a happy life in the future, and nostalgia for beautiful people and customs. Have the confidence, will, and tenacity to overcome hardships; have the affirmation, pursuit, and publicity of one's own life value; have the eulogy of the power of nature; have the inheritance and promotion of the excellent traditions of our ancestors and the excellent culture of the nation; and have the spirit of perseverance and dedication to obscurity. Praise, use the past to satirize the present, feel life, pursue freedom, love to serve the motherland, Olympic spirit, harmonious society, etc. There are also criticisms of certain ugly and vulgar social (cultural) phenomena, the abandonment of backward and outdated ideas, criticisms of wrong values, condemnation of the destruction of nature and the killing of living creatures, etc.

2. Analyze the basic characteristics and main expression techniques of the work genre

1. Characteristics of prose

(1) Blending of situations. Analysis of the artistic conception of prose: first, what kind of thoughts and feelings are nurtured in the author's heart; second, what kind of life pictures the author chooses to express these thoughts and feelings; third, how natural and ingenious the combination of the two is.

(2) Xing San Shen Ju (freedom of material selection, expression techniques and theme concentration)

2. Expression method: (1) Narration: sequence, clues, details, Take care of others.

(2) Description

Content: description of environment (scenery and scenes, nature and society); description of characters (appearance, language, action, psychology, demeanor)

Techniques: frontal description and side description, general description and detailed description, general description and divided description, point and surface, movement and stillness, virtual and real, angle changes (vision, hearing, smell, touch, taste), distance, distance, up and down The relationship between high and low, the passage of time and changes in light and shade, color changes, line drawing and meticulous brushwork, and the selection of verbs, adjectives, and onomatopoeia.

(3) Discussion: combine narrative and discussion, get straight to the point, show your ambition at the end of the chapter, see the big from the small, and add the finishing touch.

(4) Lyrical expression: express one's feelings directly, express one's feelings through scenes, blend situations, use scenes to express feelings, and express one's aspirations through objects.

(5) Explanation: Explain concisely and to the point.

3. Understand the rich meaning of important sentences and appreciate the expressive power of wonderful sentences

1. The characteristics of prose language Characteristics

(1) Concise, beautiful and emotional language; (2) Accurate, vivid and expressive language;

(3) Unique language style (mostly spoken, popular and e.g. words, humor, irony, subtle implication, twists and turns, euphemism, etc.)

2. Distinctive rhetoric

Metaphors, comparisons, exaggerations, synaesthesia and other effects are vivid images; antithesis , repetition, parallelism, inversion and other effects are to highlight; questions, rhetorical questions, exclamations and other effects are to enhance the tone.

3. The rich meaning of important sentences focuses on the ideological nature;

It is necessary to grasp the superficial meaning of the sentence (it can explain time, season, place, things, characteristics, etc.) and deep meaning Meaning (can convey the era, atmosphere, status, role, influence, emotion, etc.).

4. The expressiveness of wonderful sentences lies in artistry. (Same as the key sentence) The analysis of the function of the sentence should start from the aspects of structure and form, content, theme, thoughts and emotions.

4. Appreciate the image of the work and appreciate the connotation of the work

1. Grasp the characters created in the work.

On the basis of grasping the main idea of ??the full text, it is necessary to combine the description of the portrait, language, action, psychology and other aspects in the work, pay attention to those argumentative and lyrical sentences, borrow some modifying words, and follow the " The general idea is to answer: character + external characteristics + spiritual essence (character traits, main emotions, psychology, especially ambivalence) + identity + reflected historical and social attributes.

The images in the works are mainly those of wanderers homesick, old people nostalgic, building the motherland, compassion for others, working hard, facing suffering, criticizing reality, etc.

2. Pay attention to the thoughts and feelings contained in the work, especially the implicit meaning (i.e. surface meaning and deep meaning) expressed using metaphors and symbols.

5. Understand the artistic charm of the work

It is required to reflect the unity of ideology and artistry (that is, the work uses the artistic techniques of..., vividly depicts the characteristics of..., and creates an The atmosphere of... vividly conveys the feelings of...)

1. Person

(1) First person: The narration is friendly and natural, and can freely express thoughts and feelings, making it easy to express directly From the heart, it reads with a sense of intimacy and reality;

(2) Second person: facilitates emotional communication, free and flexible lyricism, friendly and natural; if it is an object, it also has a personification effect.

(3) Third person: can show the rich and colorful life more directly, is not limited by time and space, and can narrate flexibly and freely from more aspects.

2. Rhetoric:

(1) Metaphor: Turn the plain into vivid, the profound into the simple, the abstract into the concrete, and the lengthy into concise.

(2) Analogy: The emotion is vivid, the description is vivid, and the meaning is rich.

(3) Exaggeration: highlighting the essence and characteristics of things, giving people inspiration; expressing the author's emotional attitude towards things, enhancing the appeal and vividness of language; creating atmosphere and attracting people's imagination.

(4) Parallelism: neat sentence structure, well-proportioned rhythm; concentrated content, strong language; detailed analysis, thorough reasoning, and hearty lyricism.

(5) Duality: Neat and well-proportioned, distinct rhythm; sonorous tone, rich in musical beauty; concise and concentrated expression, strong generalization; easy to remember and recite.

(6) Metaphorism: evoking associations, prominent image, distinctive characteristics, concrete and vivid.

(7) Repetition: highlight thoughts and feelings; be organized and have a strong sense of rhythm.

3. Expression techniques:

(1) Symbol: Use the characteristics or hidden content of the scenery to symbolize people’s character and integrity. Make abstract things concrete, popularize profound truths, stimulate associations, and have strong appeal; make the expression of the article implicit and profound.

(2) Analogy: use the shallow to express the deep, use the near to compare the far, vivid and easy to understand.

(3) Circumference: highlight key points, emphasize semantic meaning, and express emotions; the writing is ups and downs, twists and turns, implicit, and fascinating.

(4) Contrast: Distinctive characteristics, prominent contradictions, and strong contrast.

(5) Set off: highlight the characteristics of things, strengthen thoughts and feelings, have a clear image and clear priorities.

(6) Rendering: Use thick ink and color to create an atmosphere; the scenes complement each other and deepen the theme.

(7) Foreshadowing (foreshadowing): Provides a hint for the occurrence of the following plot.

(8) Irony and sarcasm: strengthen attitudes and emotions.

(9) Quotation: Quoting legends or myths is to enhance the legendary nature of the article, the secrecy of the scenery, and enrich the content of the article; citing poetry can not only enrich the content of the article, but also combine with the described scenery to enhance the content of the article. The poetic and picturesque nature of the article makes the article artistically beautiful; the quotations of famous quotes make the article more persuasive.

4. Description function: Overall function: Reproduce the natural scenery, describe the appearance and inner world of the characters, and explain the natural and social environment in which the characters move.

(1) Character portraits and action descriptions: better show the characters’ inner world and personality traits;

(2) Character dialogue descriptions: portray the character’s personality and reflect the character’s psychological activities , to promote the development of the storyline.

(3) Scenery description: Describe the natural scenery in detail, create an atmosphere, and highlight the characters' emotions and thoughts.

(4) Description of environmental scenes: explain the background of the characters’ activities, indicate the time and place of the events, exaggerate the atmosphere, and better express the characters.

6. Evaluate the value judgment and aesthetic orientation expressed in the work

It is required to evaluate the connotation of truth and falsehood, beauty and ugliness, good and evil expressed in the work.

1. Value judgment: value of life, spirit of the times, humanistic feelings, moral sentiments, etc. (especially political hot words such as harmonious society, sustainable development, national culture, reform and opening up, humanistic care, etc.)

2. Aesthetic orientation: pursue truth, goodness and beauty, abandon falsehood, evil and ugliness; praise light and justice, lash and refute darkness and evil; pity the weak and hate those who rely on the strong.

3. Artistic beauty: beauty of language, image, theme, interest, artistic conception, etc.

7. Discover the rich meaning of the work from different angles and levels

1. Ideological content: history, philosophy, aesthetics, national psychology, humanistic spirit

2. Artistic expression: (please refer to poetry appreciation)

8. Discuss the works The national psychology and humanistic spirit contained in it

Combined with the works, starting from the aspects of character image, era background, environmental atmosphere, detailed description, language expression, etc.

9. Personalized reading and creative interpretation of works

It is required to be based on oneself, to understand and experience the text, to think independently and to put forward one's own opinions.

Based on the above aspects, it can be carried out from the aspects of ideological content, artistic expression, etc. It must have a well-founded point of view and use appreciation terminology.