Analysis of test questions: From the material of this topic "The world is an all-encompassing whole, not created by any god or anyone, and its past, present and future are eternal living fires that burn and extinguish according to laws", it can be seen that Heraclitus admits that the essence of the world is "fire" and the material world is moving and changing. This is a typical view of ancient naive materialism, so the answer is item B.