Zhao Yun belonged to Gongsun Zan, a warlord in Youzhou, and was the main cavalry of Liu Bei.
Zhao Yun later followed Liu Bei, serving as a yamen general, a parallel general and a beneficial army general, assisting Liu Bei in establishing Shu Han, and achieving a generation of hegemony.
After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, he became a general of the army and the south, sealed the pavilion of Yongchang and worshipped the general of Zhendong.
In 227, Zhao Yun entered Hanzhong with Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, and defected to Cao Wei the following year. He once set up suspected soldiers in Jigu Valley to contain Wei Jun's main force.
After the failure of the Northern Expedition, he was demoted as a general of the town army and died soon.
After 26 1 year, the Lord chased Zhao Yun as Shunping Hou.
Zhao Yun had two sons, the eldest son Zhao Tong inherited the title, and the second son Zhao Guang died with Jiang Weishi in the stack.
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Zhao Yun's famous deeds include "Saving the Empress Liu Chan" in the Nagano Rebellion, "Blocking the River to Seize Adou" and "Cao Jun Retreating the Han River" in Yunzhuan.
In the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei became the queen of Hanzhong, and Zhao Yun was one of the "Five Tiger Generals".
Zhao Yun in the novel is superior in martial arts, bold and cautious, and noble in virtue.
According to Yun Chuan, "Yun is eight feet long and has a magnificent manner", and Liu Bei also praised him as "a man with courage".
During the Three Kingdoms period, Chen Shou and Yang jokingly called him "strong, strong and fierce", "fierce as a fierce general" and "loyal and brave".
Zhao Yun's Historical Materials
Zhao Yun's deeds mostly come from Biography of Izumo, and his biography in The History of the Three Kingdoms does not appear as the main content, but in the form of annotations.
The original book "The History of the Three Kingdoms" has no annotations, which was added by Pei Songzhi in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
However, some historians think that the content of YunBieZhuan is not rigorous in historical materials, and all the anecdotes recorded are related to Zhao Yun, which contradicts the History of the Three Kingdoms itself and its authenticity remains to be discussed.
This theory was pointed out by Mr. He Chao, Yimen in Qing Dynasty.
He thinks that Biography of Izumo may be adapted from Jia's biography, which contains many beautiful words.
One of the doubts that He pointed out was that when Liu Bei was preparing to March into Wu in 22 1 year, Zhao Yun (not Zhuge Liang) dissuaded Liu Bei from moving eastward, which was unreasonable, but it should be the glory of his descendants.
However, this view is rare and has been accused by some historians of being overly suspicious of the past.
Zhaoyun former site
Zhao Yun Statue Outside Zhaoyun Temple in Zhengding, Hebei Province Address of Modern Zhaoyun Temple Tomb:
Sichuan Dayi-Zilong Temple, Shunping Hou Zhao Yunling
Zhengding-Zhaoyun Temple in Hebei Province
Kerry-Zi Long Temple in Taiwan Province Province
The Qing Dynasty recorded another temple:
Tomb of Zhaoyun Temple in Nanshilitun East, Nanyang, Henan Province
Sichuan Lizhou (now Hanyuan) Dadu River Garrison Anjingba Zuozhaoyun Temple
Zhaoyun Temple at the foot of Furong Mountain outside Guiyang House (now Guiyang, Chenzhou, Hunan Province)
Hubei Dangyang (Changban) has Long Ting and Zilong Road; There is a Longtan in Chibi, Hubei.
There is a Dragon Palace in Anxiang, Changde, Hunan. Guiyang has Mooncherry (also known as Wanjunquan and Zhaoyun Bajiaojing).
Heping Street in Chengdu, Sichuan was originally named Zilongtang Street, and Heping Street Primary School is said to be the former site of Shunping Houximachi. Shijing Temple in Longquan, Chengdu (named Lingyin Temple, Tiancheng Temple) is said to be the earliest temple where Zhao Yun offered sacrifices.
Chongqing Changshou has Zhao Zhai Yun; Bailongchi, Yanggou, Zhong Da and Chongqing are said to be Zhao Yun's stable in Jiangzhou Baimalong.
Ningqiang, Shaanxi has Zilong Garrison, Zilongshan.
Zhao Yun, an old gentleman named Luo Guanzhong, is the most perfect hero in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
And because romance is written according to historical facts, people almost believe Zhao Yun's heroic deeds.
Zhao Yun was the first person to follow Liu Bei except Zhang Guan, so that people almost added him to the Taoyuan Brothers. In many Beijing operas, he simply became a "four generals", especially following Liu Bei when he was unlucky, which increased his weight in this gang.
The battle of Changbanpo is undoubtedly Zhao Yun's most brilliant chapter.
In the earliest Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhao Yun's Changbanpo saved Adou with only a few words, but in the Romance, it became a thrilling chapter.
"Cut off the river and seize the bucket" is another great achievement of Zhao Yun.
In the Pinghua of the History of the Three Kingdoms, it is basically copied from the History of the Three Kingdoms, and it is very vague. "Yun and Zhang led troops to stop the river." But in the romance, Zhao Yun was completely confused, full of courage and sense, and Zhang Fei became a substitute role.
The earliest version of Luo Guanzhong's ranking of five tiger generals was probably based on the historical facts of the actual status of five people when Liu Bei was held in Hanzhong, and it was listed as "Guan, Zhang, Ma, Huang and Zhao".
I forgot whether it was Jin Shengtan's group or Mao Zonggang's group. In order to cater to readers' love for Zhao Yun, I changed this ranking to "Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma and Huang".
However, romance cannot be completely divorced from historical facts, which makes Zhao Yun, a perfect hero, unable to justify his position in Han Shu Group.
Pay attention to the details is clear, which Mr. Luo Lao, Mr. Jin and Mr. Mao cannot change because of the existence of historical facts.
Before the retreat of Changbanpo, Zhao Yun was not entrusted with the important task of clearing the way and breaking the road, but the entrusted task was relatively minor "protecting the family".
When I entered Xichuan, I met Ma Chao and transferred Zhang Fei from other places. Zhaoyun is useless by my side.
To deal with general Zhang Tai of Wei, sending veteran Huang Zhong and Zhao Yun under his command is not a faction.
In the battle of Dingjunshan, which decided the victory or defeat of Hanzhong, Huang Zhong was the main commander and Zhao Yun was the backup.
In the crusade against Wu Dong, there were a group of nameless underachievers at the front. Zhao Yun, the last surviving general of the Five Tigers, did nothing in the second line, but he only played a supporting role when the army was defeated.
Seven tackled Meng Huo, Wei Yan, Wang Ping, Ma Dai and even Liao Hua. Zhang Ben had more chances to play than Zhao Yun, but Zhao Yun never seemed to play against Meng Huo.
When Qishan came out, Zhao Yun made a great contribution as a pioneer in the romance, but when it came to the street pavilion, the master sent the incompetent Ma Su, Zhao Yun and Deng out of the diagonal valley. Although "one person and one ride" was not damaged when retreating, it was insignificant to the overall situation.
Although "Romance" always tries to highlight Zhao Yun's role when he appears, on the whole, Liu Bei and Kong Ming's attitude towards him is not as enthusiastic as that shown in the article.
It seems that Liu Bei gave Zhao Yun some important tasks when he was too busy in his early days. Once there are many people, let him calm down, and Kong Ming will be more obvious.
The above is some content about Zhao Yun in the romance, and then look at the historical facts.
Zhaoyun followed Liu Bei until Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong, which can be said to be non-stop.
Adou was indeed rescued by him in Changbanpo. Although history books are not as mysterious as romance, Zhao Yun's rescue of Adou is not fictional.
This is the first time that Zhao Yun did not stay in Jingzhou with Liu Bei.
But this time, when he stayed behind, he did another great thing, that is, "crossing the river to seize the bucket", which is also a feat in history.
Liu Chan's life was saved twice and three times. Is Zhao Yun's contribution to Shu Han small? But after Liu Bei got surprisingly, Zhao Yun was never reused.
In the battle of Dingjun Mountain, Fa Zheng was the mastermind, Liu Bei himself stormed Dingjun Mountain, and Zhao Yun was not at the front line at all.
When Zhao Yun came out of Qishan, he didn't become a pioneer. He and Deng were the main force of Xiegu.
The street pavilion fell and was defeated, but "the soldiers of Yun and Deng Zhile retreated slowly, without great loss." "No harm to one person and one ride" in Romance is a wreath brought to the hero by Mr. Luo Lao.
But after the war, Kong Ming made a review of the above table and reduced himself to the third class. Zhao Yun, who made meritorious deeds without fault, was also demoted.
Until his death, Zhao Yun didn't get a title.
Zhao Yun can't be reused. A big factor is that he comes from a cloth family, not a noble family.
This is related to China's "gate valve system", which originated in the late Western Han Dynasty, reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and declined only in the Tang Dynasty.
In the troubled times at the end of Han Dynasty, many heroes rose together, and the gate valve system was also impacted, but its vitality was extremely tenacious.
Yuan Shaogui was the leader of the 18th Route Warlord, and the life experience of "Four Worlds and Three Fairs" was the decisive factor.
Among the three countries, Cao Zang was the least interested in the gate valve system. When talking about heroes in his childhood, he called Yuan's "Four Worlds and Three Fairs" "Dead Bones in Burial".
Among his war generals, except Cao Zhi and Xia Houdun, Dian Wei and Chu Xu are rebellious strongmen, while Huang Xu, Zhang Liao and Wen Pin are capitulationists.
In the early days of Liu Bei, no one had time to pay attention to family status.
But when Wolong arrived, this thing came alive again.
Among Wei, Shu and Wu, Shu Han's insistence on the gate valve system is the most clear, while Zhao Yun is unlucky.
At the same time, Kong Ming's nepotism is also a historical conclusion, with Ma Su and Yang Yi as examples.
No wonder, in the later period of Kong Ming's reign, there was no general in Shu, and Liao Hua was the pioneer.
Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, and his ministers congratulated him, listing the names of the top 50 people, plus " ................................................................................................................................................
Do you know who is in charge? Zheng's general is Ma Chao! There is no other reason, the only reason is "Duke of Ma Mengqi for generations".
Fa Zheng ranked second, and Kong Ming ranked eighth.
Where is Zhao Yun? In "... waiting for 180 people", even the name is not on the congratulations list.
People who have been reading history have a feeling that "the Han family is not considerate to heroes." Emperor gaozu Liu bang killed Han Xin, Peng Yue and Qing Bu; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had the tragedy of flying general Li Guang.
In the remaining last third, Zhao Yun died inexplicably.
"Romance" wrote that Liu Chan cried at the news of Zhao Yun's death, which was a wreath added by Mr. Luo Lao.
At that time, Liu Chan had forgotten all about Zhao Yun, who had saved him twice, and didn't even mean to "mourn".
Later, I don't know why I remembered the savior again, and I chased Zhao Yun when I sealed others.
But if Zhao Yun knows about this chase, he will be so angry that he will cheat the corpse in the grave: there are less than three years before Shu Han's national subjugation!