Recite in the bosom of the mountain village
Shao Yong (Northern Song Dynasty)
Once you walk two or three miles, there are four or five smoke villages.
The pavilions are six or seven, and the flowers bloom in eighty or ninety.
The following poem expands numbers from finite to infinite.
Xue Mei
(Ming) Lin Hejing
One, two, three or four, five, six, seven or eight.
Nine dollars, ten dollars, countless dollars, all missing when flying into Mei.
The poem "Always in My Heart" is a little more complicated, which enlarges the number by an order of magnitude.
Always in my heart.
(Qing) Huang Huanzhong
A hundred-foot-high tower and countless streams, Shu Yun sent it to western Liaoning in August and September.
Suddenly I heard the geese flying in pairs in February. I hate chickens crowing in the middle of the night.
May and June are empty, but 7 thousand is not even close to hate.
Half my life is a lonely shadow, and ten years of sorrow is accompanied by cuckoo crying.
The use of numbers in poetry greatly enhances the aesthetic taste of poetry.
2. Space and graphics in poetry
Du Fu's quatrains vividly depict points, lines, surfaces and bodies in mathematics. From a mathematical point of view, the first sentence "two orioles" describes two points; The second sentence "a line of egrets" describes a line; The third sentence, "The window contains a thousand autumn snows in Xiling", describes a face; The fourth sentence "Wan Li sailed from Soochow" describes a spatial body.
Jueju
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
In Wang Wei's To Frontier fortress, the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. The first half of the sentence outlines the vertical spatial relationship between the straight line of "solitary smoke" and the plane of "desert", while the second half describes the relationship between the circle and the horizon from separation, tangency to intersection.
Climb to the top
(Tang) Wang Wei
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When Xiao Guan met the waiting officials, he was protected by Ran Yan.
3. Quantity in poetry
Li Bai is both a poet and Brewmaster. He drinks every day and gets drunk every time he drinks. He wrote many poems about wine.
Flowers in the next pot of wine, no friends, drink alone.
-the first part of Li Bai's "Drinking Four Bright Moons Alone".
Youth ambition, even in the city, can end a person's life between a glass of wine.
-Li Bai's "Jack Youth Field Tour"
The cost of pure wine is a gold cup, 10 thousand copper coins and a hip flask, and I am ashamed of 10 thousand yuan.
-Li Bai's "It's hard to go to me"
Lanling wine tulips, jade bowls filled with amber light.
-Li Bai's Traveler's Bank
A poem by Du Fu, Li Bai's good friend and poet saint, describes Li Bai's capacity for drinking.
Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about fighting wine and went to sleep in a restaurant in Chang 'an.
The son of heaven didn't get on the boat, calling himself Brewmaster.
However, it should be noted that the ancient quantity is different from the contemporary quantity. If we don't understand the ancient quantity properly, it will cause misunderstanding.
4. Problems in Poetry
The ancients in China also liked to add mathematical problems to ancient poems.
The Theory of Arithmetic Unity is a popular and practical mathematics book, and it is also a masterpiece that puts numbers into poetry. This book was written by Cheng Dawei in Ming Dynasty for nearly 20 years. At first, he was a businessman. When he was in business, he collected books on arithmetic and writing from all over the country, compiled ballads and formulas, and turned boring math problems into beautiful poems that were catchy to read.
Cheng Dawei also has a drinking mathematics poem similar to the binary linear equations:
There are many customers in the restaurant, and the name of thin wine is thick and mellow.
One bottle of mellow wine makes three people drunk, and three bottles of thin wine make one drunk.
* * * drank 19 times, and all 33 guests were drunk.
Excuse me, Gao Ming is a scholar. How much alcohol does he have?
This poem says that a bottle of good wine can make three guests drunk; Three bottles of thin wine can get the guests drunk. 33 guests were drunk and always drank 19 bottles of wine. How many bottles of good wine and thin wine are there?
There is a problem of "I don't know the number of things" in the famous "Sunzi Suanjing". The original text of this calculation is:
Some things are unknown today,
Three three two,
Three fifths,
There are two left on number 77,
Ask geometry?
This problem spread to later generations, and many interesting names appeared, such as "Ghost Valley Calculation" and "Han Xin Point Soldiers". Cheng Dawei wrote a mathematical solution in the form of poetry:
The three of them lost 70 times,
Twenty-one plum blossoms on five trees,
Seven sons were reunited in the middle of the month.
Divide by 105.
This poem contains the famous "China's Remainder Theorem". Poetics means that if the remainder is divided by 3 times 70, the remainder by 5 times 2 1, and the remainder by 7 times 15, if the result is greater than 105, the multiple of 105 will decrease. The result of the above problem is: (2× 70)+(3× 21)+(2×15)-(2×105) = 23.
West Renye Fang likes to regard poetry as the carrier of mathematical problems. Diophantu, a famous mathematician in ancient Greece, wrote an epitaph of mathematical poems for himself before his death: "Passers-by! Diophantine's ashes are buried here. The following figures can tell you how long his life span is. 1/6 enjoyed the happiness of his childhood all his life.112 was a carefree teenager. In the past 1/7 years, he has established a happy and warm family. Five years later, my son was born. Unexpectedly, my son died four years before his father died. He was only half the age when his father died, and spent his later years in grief. Please calculate, how old can I live to see the face of death 」