Chinese textbook for sixth grade, second volume of ancient poems and famous quotes with annotated sources

Famous aphorisms from the sixth grade of Chinese language for primary school students in the E-education edition (Part 2)

1. You cannot admonish those who have gone by, but you can still pursue those who have come.

Explanation: past: things in the past; admonition: advice; coming: things in the future; still: return; chase: catch up. The past cannot be undone and made up for, but the future can still be caught up. Later it was often used as words of encouragement.

Source: "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zi"

2. Work is accomplished by hard work, but wasteful by play; actions are accomplished by thinking, and destroyed by following.

From Han Yu's "Encouragement to Learning". It means that studies are mastered due to hard work, but it is wasted in laughter; things are successful due to repeated thinking, but he can be destroyed by casualness.

3. Since ancient times, no one has ever died, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history. ([From]: Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean")

4. The road is long and long, and I will search up and down.

From Qu Yuan’s famous work "Li Sao"

It means: In the pursuit of truth (true knowledge), the road ahead is still long, but I will persevere and spare no effort (up to the world) place) to pursue and explore. I think the word "repair" here should be interpreted as: (the road is) long. Judging from the text, "xiuyuan" should be a parallel word, corresponding to "quest" in the next sentence.

5. Abandon the small ambitions of sparrows and admire the swans in order to soar high.

Language translation: Give up ambitions as small as swallows and sparrows, and fly high like wild geese and swans.

Notes: The sparrow here is a metaphor for a mediocre person, saying that his vision is narrow. Honghu: swan, a metaphor for a person with a great mind. This is a metaphor for Chen Bozhi abandoning the Qi Dynasty and submitting to Emperor Wu of Liang.

Source (Southern Dynasties Liang Dynasty) Qiu Chi's "Book with Chen Bo": "A general who bravely champions the three armies is the only one who is outstanding in the world. He abandons the small ambitions of sparrows and admires the swans in order to soar high." Caiwei: talent, deeds .

6. Heaven is moving vigorously, and a gentleman strives to constantly strive for self-improvement.

From "The Book of Changes"

It means: the movement of heaven (i.e. nature) is strong and strong. Correspondingly, a gentleman should be resolute and determined, and strive for strength; the momentum of the earth is solid. Being gentle and obedient, a gentleman should increase his virtue and accommodate all things. Translated as: A gentleman should be like the sky, which is constantly moving, even if you are wandering around, you will not give in. If you are a gentleman, your ability to handle things should be like the earth, and there is nothing that cannot be carried.

7. See the subtle details to know the cuteness, see the end to know the taste.

Explanation: micro: subtle; cute: happening. Seeing the tiny signs of something tells you the extent of its development.

Source: "Han Feizi Shuo Lin Shang"

8. Learn from the rise and fall of past lives and examine the gains and losses of today.

Zizhi Tongjian written by historian Sima Guang

uses the history of the rise and fall of past dynasties as a mirror to examine the pros and cons of today. ......

Based on the rise and fall of ancient dynasties, judge whether what you are doing is correct. ...

9. Play a thousand tunes and then the sound will dawn; watch a thousand swords and then recognize the weapon.

Source: Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long·Zhiyin".

Only after practicing a thousand pieces of music can one know the beauty of music; only after watching a thousand swords can one recognize the quality of a sword. Tip: It is not easy to learn a skill; to be a connoisseur, you must also observe more physical objects, and talking on paper will not work. You need to read thousands of volumes before you can write like a god. If you do anything without a certain amount of experience, you will not have high attainments. True knowledge can come from more practice.

10. Silk and bamboo are not necessarily used, but the landscape has a clear sound.

Zuo Si's poem "Zhao Yin"

There is no need to have musical instruments to play the music. You can listen to the music of nature between mountains and water.

Remarks: Silk generally refers to string instruments, and bamboo generally refers to wind instruments. These two types of instruments constitute the mainstream of my country's traditional musical instruments.

11. Hu Ma follows the north wind and crosses the southern branch of the bird's nest.

Explanation: The Huma comes from the north, so it is attached to the north wind; the jade bird comes from the south, so it nests in the south branch. The metaphor does not forget the fundamentals.

Source: "Nineteen Ancient Poems" by Anonymous of Han Dynasty

12. When the fox dies and returns to the first hill, his hometown can be forgotten.

From Cao Cao's Yuefu poem "But the East-West Gate Travels"

Animals will not forget their homeland until they die, let alone the warriors who are far away from home

13. Those who know do not be confused, those who are kind do not worry, and those who are brave do not fear.

The Analects of Confucius. Zihan

A truly wise person will understand everything as soon as he gets it in hand and will not be confused.

A truly benevolent person will not be shaken by the environment and has no worries.

A truly brave person has nothing to fear.

14. Disasters often accumulate in the slightest, while wisdom and courage are often trapped in drowning. (Preface to the Biography of Lingguan by Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty)

It means: Those big disasters are often caused by not paying attention to small things, and capable people are also trapped by the things they like. The last sentence is "It's not just the actors," which means that the emperor was harmed by his favorite actor.

15. Lian Guangyu has a vast mind and listens to thunder in a silent place.

This is a poem by Mr. Lu Xun.

The explanation from the poem is: the big thing you want to do in your heart is as vast as the vast universe (a metaphor for what you want to do is extremely big and important)

Go to the place where there is no sound and feel it The reality of lightning and thunder

(It is a metaphor that in a better environment, one can more truly feel the existence and value of something)

16. With a cold eyebrow and a thousand fingers, he bows his head and is willing to do something. Ruziniu.

Explanation: Hengmei: glares with anger; Qianfuzhi: everyone accuses; Ruziniu: a person who is willing to serve others. It means never giving in to the enemy and being willing to serve the people.

Source: Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" poem

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The second volume of the sixth grade

Titled Lin’an’s residence in the countryside in April

Song Lin was promoted to the Tang Dynasty king Changling and Song Weng Volume

The green hills outside the mountains and the towers outside, the moon is bright in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty is closed, the mountains are green and the plains are full of white rivers.

When does the singing and dancing of the West Lake stop? The people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned. Rain is like smoke in the sound of Zigui.

The warm wind makes tourists drunk, but it makes the flying generals of the dragon city come, and there are few idle people in the countryside in April.

Hangzhou has been called Bianzhou. Don't teach Huma to cross the Yin Mountains. Just sericulture and planting fields.

Watch "Evening Scene on the Spring River" by Hui Chong

Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty

The wind is strong and the horns of the bow are sounding, and the general is hunting in Weicheng. There are two or three branches of peach blossoms outside the bamboo.

The grass is dry and the eagle's eye is sick, and the snow is gone and the horse's hooves are light. Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet.

Suddenly passed by Xinfeng City and returned to Xiliu Camp. The ground is covered with wormwood and short reed buds.

Looking back at the place where the Eagle Shooting Eagle is located, the clouds are flat at dusk for thousands of miles away. It's the time when the puffer fish wants to come.

Hearing that the army had taken Henan and Hebei, he was reading on a winter night to show Zi Yu

Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty and Lu You of the Song Dynasty

Suddenly it was announced outside the sword that Jibei was taken, and his clothes were filled with tears when he first heard about it. . The ancients spared no effort in their knowledge, but they couldn't see where their wives were worried, and filled volumes of poems and books with joy. When you are young, you can only succeed when you are old.

During the day, you have to sing and drink, and you can return home with your youth. On paper, I finally realized that it was shallow.

That is to say, I crossed Wu Gorge from Ba Gorge and then went down to Xiangyang to Luoyang. I know I have to do this.

Xijiang Moon

Xin Qiji, Song Dynasty

The bright moon scares the magpies on the branches, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night.

The fragrance of rice flowers speaks of a good harvest, and the sound of frogs sounds.

Seven or eight stars are outside the sky, and two or three points of rain are in front of the mountain.

In the old days, by the forest of Moutai Society, I suddenly saw a bridge over a stream when the road turned.

The above notes are for reference only (do you need help with translation?)

Title: Lin'an Di

Notes

① Di: Official residence, official residence.

②Hugh: stop, give up.

③Zhi: Simply.

④Bian (biàn) Prefecture: Bianliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.

⑤Warm wind: This refers not only to the warm wind in nature, but also to the fascinating "warm wind" brought by singing and dancing.

⑥Lin'an: The capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

Gold fans, when will this situation stop? The warm spring breeze made the tourists so drunk that they forgot about themselves and just wanted to enjoy the West Lake secretly, mistaking Hangzhou for Bianzhou.

Out of the plug

Notes

1. Going out of the fortress: This is a title often used by poets in the Tang Dynasty when they wrote about life in the frontier fortress. Sai (sài): border pass

2. The bright moon in Qin and the pass in Han: using intertextual rhetoric, it means, the bright moon in Qin and Han, the pass in Qin and Han.

3． But make: as long as.

4． Dragon City Flying General: "Dragon City": the place name is the ancient holy land of the Huns. The Han Dynasty general Wei Qingzengqi attacked Dragon City and finally fought against the Huns in seven battles and won seven. "Flying General" refers to the famous "Flying General of Han" Li Guang. "Dragon City Flying General" does not refer to one person, but actually refers to Li Wei, and also refers to many famous generals of the Han Dynasty who fought against the Hungarians.

5. Hu Ma: refers to the war horses of the Hu people. Hu is the ancient name for the ethnic minorities in northwest China.

6. Yinshan: The mountain name refers to the Yinshan Mountains. In present-day Inner Mongolia, the Huns often started from here to harass and invade the Central Plains during the Han Dynasty. This is also the appearance of Weiqing's tomb.

7. Don’t teach: don’t bark, don’t let. Teach, let.

8. Degree: over

Translation

On the long border line, the war has never stopped, but the soldiers who went to fight on the border line have not returned yet . If the flying general Li Guang and the general Wei Qing were still alive today, they would never let the enemy's army cross the Yinshan Mountains.

April in the countryside

Notes

Baimanchuan - refers to the color of the water in the river reflecting the skylight. Chuan: mountains, plains, rivers.

Zigui - cuckoo bird.

Just——just now.

Shanyuan - mountains and wilderness.

Sericulture - planting mulberry and raising silkworms.

It’s over.

Like - as if.

Translation

The hillsides and fields are lush with vegetation, and the color of the water in the rice fields complements the skylight.

There is mist and rain in the sky, the sound of cuckoos sounds, and the earth is a prosperous scene.

Everyone is busy in April in the countryside

After raising silkworms, they start farming again.

Viewing Hunting

Notes

(1) The title of the poem is "Hunting and Riding".

"Yuefu Poetry Collection" and "Ten Thousand Tang Dynasty Quatrains" took the first four lines of this poem to create a five-quatrain poem, titled "Rong Hun". "Complete Tang Poems" also included "Rong Hun" in Volume 51 and Zhang Hu in the collection, but they were all wrong.

(2) Horn bow: a bow decorated with animal horns.

(3) Weicheng: Xianyang City in the Qin Dynasty was renamed Weicheng in the Han Dynasty. It is northwest of Xi'an City and north of the Weishui River.

(4) Eye disease: sharp vision.

(5) Xinfeng City: The former site is located in the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. It was a place rich in fine wine in ancient times.

(6) Xiliu Camp: In today's Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province, it was the place where the famous general Zhou Yafu of the Han Dynasty stationed his troops. "Historical Records·Jianghou Zhoubo Family": "Yafu is the general, and the army is thin with willows to prepare for the wild." This refers to the military camp where the hunting general lives.

(7) Condor Shooting: Hu Luguang of the Northern Qi Dynasty was proficient in martial arts. He once shot a vulture and was known as the "Vulture Shooter". This incident is quoted to praise the general.

(8) Mu Yunping: The evening clouds are connected to the earth.

Translation

The arrow was shot from the horn bow, and the strings whistled together with the strong wind! The hunting horses of the general and soldiers were galloping in the suburbs of Weicheng.

The withered weeds cannot hide the sharp eyes of the eagle; the snow melts, and the galloping horses' hooves are more like the wind chasing the leaves.

In the blink of an eye, the hunting cavalry passed through Xinfeng City, and when they stationed their horses, they had already returned to Xiliu Camp.

When I looked back in triumph, I saw the place where the big eagle was shot; it was vast and vast, shrouded in dusk clouds, and the wilderness was quiet.

Hui Chong's "Evening Scene on the Spring River"

Hui Chong: A famous monk in the Northern Song Dynasty was good at poetry and painting. "Dawn Scene on the Spring River" is his painting. There are two paintings, one of which is a duck. One of the opera pictures is a picture of flying geese. Su Shi also has two poems about paintings. This one is about duck opera.

Wormwort: A perennial herb that grows in depressions. It has light yellow flowers and a stem four or five feet high. It is tender and crispy when it is new and can be eaten. (Dictionary explanation: perennial herb with light yellow flowers, which can be used as medicine)

Reed buds: young buds of reeds, edible.

Pufferfish: A type of fish, scientific name is "Fugu". The meat is delicious, but its ovaries and liver are highly toxic. Produced in my country's coastal areas and some inland rivers. Every spring they swim up the river to lay eggs in fresh water.

Up: refers to the fish going upstream.

Translation:

Two or three peach blossoms are blooming outside the bamboo forest. Ducks are playing in the water. They are the first to notice the warming of the river in early spring. The river beach is already covered with wormwood and asparagus has begun to sprout. This is the season when pufferfish return from the sea and will swim up the river to lay their eggs.

Word notes

⑴Wen: hear. Official army: refers to the army of the Tang Dynasty. Recover: recover. Henan and Hebei: The base area of ??the rebels during the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. It was recaptured by the army in 763 AD. Refers to the area south of the Yellow River and north of the Yellow River at that time.

⑵ "Outside the Sword" sentence: These words contain tears. We are far away in Jiannan, and the news comes so unexpectedly, and this news is a great event for the entire country. How can we not shed tears of surprise? Calling Jiannan Jianwai, Hunan Huwai and Lingnan Lingwai are idioms of the Tang Dynasty. Jianwai: Outside Jianmen Pass, this refers to Sichuan. At that time, Du Fu was living in Sichuan. Also make Jiannan. Jibei: the northern region of Hebei.

⑶ "First heard" sentence: These are painful lessons, tears of joy and sadness.

⑷The sentence "But look": This sentence should be understood in conjunction with the experience of Du Fu's family. Both Du Fu and his wife had suffered enough after escaping from death. Now that they saw that his wife was fine (they had already welcomed their family to Zizhou), they felt happy "Where is the worry?" According to Bai Juyi's poem "Renxia Ci Badong": "I don't know when the distant county will arrive, but I am still happy that the whole family will be here together." And the poem "Ode to the Old Body to Show All the Family" says, "Although the family is in decline, the family members are fortunate to be reunited. "Bai Wei was in great mourning, and even if it was like this, Du Fu's pleasure at this moment was even more natural. But look: look again. But: Still, again. Wife: Wife and children. Where is the worry: Where is there any sadness?

⑸Manjuan: rolled up randomly (there were no stereotyped books at this time). It means that Du Fu can't wait to pack his bags and prepare to go back to his hometown. Ecstatic: so happy that one is almost crazy (ecstatic).

⑹Daytime: Shows the beautiful time. Sing loudly: Sing loudly. Indulge in alcohol: drink to your heart’s content.

⑺ "Youth" sentence: Returning to hometown in spring (youth is the name of wine). Along the way, there are bright willows and bright flowers, beautiful mountains and clear waters, and you are never lonely. Therefore, it is said that youth is a good companion for returning home. Youth: refers to the beautiful spring.

Also used as companion: together with wife and children. Youth here is personified. Liu Xiyi's poem "Out of the Fortress": "The dawn light follows the horse, and the spring scenery accompanies people's return." The following three sentences all predict the future.

⑻ Two sentences of "Ji Cong": Write the route taken to return home. That is, immediately. The gorge is dangerous and narrow, so it is called Chuan. When it comes out of the gorge, the water is smooth and easy, so it is called Xia. From Xiangyang to Luoyang, it has to change overland, so it is called Xiang. I am still in Zizhou, but my heart has already flown to my homeland, wanting to see Du Fu's joy at that time. Du Fu's own annotation: "I have a garden in Tokyo (Luoyang)." - Pu's annotation: "The eight-line poem is as fast as flying, with only one sentence about the matter, and all the emotions are expressed. It is also the first quick poem in my life." - -According to the "Sanba Ji" quoted from Volume 65 of "Taiping Yulan": "The Yan and Bai rivers merge, from Hanzhong to the foot of Shining City, where they end up in Wuling, with three twists and turns, like the word "Ba", also called Bajiang River. The steep gorge is called Ba Gorge. "Lang and Bai Ershui refer to the upper reaches of Jialing River and Dushiba Gorge." If the Ba Gorge of the Badong Three Gorges in the Yangtze River is to the east of the Wu Gorge, and Du Shi was in Zizhou, it cannot be said that "it passes through the Wu Gorge from the Ba Gorge", because there are many errors in the annotation. Wu Gorge: One of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, named after it passes through Wushan Mountain.

⑼Bian: It means just. Xiangyang: Today it belongs to Hubei. Luoyang: It is an ancient city in Henan today.

Translation of the work

In Sichuan south of Jianmen Pass, news of the recapture of Jibei suddenly came. When I first heard the news, I was so surprised that I burst into tears and wet my clothes. Looking back at my wife and children, I don’t know where my daily sorrows have gone; I rolled up poems and books randomly and was almost crazy with joy. During the day I want to sing loudly and drink to my heart's content; the beautiful spring scenery will accompany me back to my hometown. We need to set off immediately, take a boat from Baxia, pass through Wuxia, go straight down the river to Xiangyang, Hubei, and then go north from Xiangyang to Luoyang.

Notes

Instructions: instructions, instructions.

Ziyu (yù): Lu You’s youngest son.

Learning: refers to reading and learning, which means doing knowledge.

Retain:

Use all your strength, no reservations, spare no effort, do your best.

Young Zhuang: The teenage years.

Kung Fu: The time spent (doing something).

Shi: Talent.

Paper: book.

End: In the end, after all.

Jue: feel, feel.

Shallow: superficial, shallow.

Knowledge: deep and thorough understanding.

Action: Practice.

Gong (gōng): personal practice.

1 The ancients spared no effort in learning

2 They often start working hard when they are young and will reap the rewards when they are old.

3. The knowledge obtained from books is always superficial, and the true truth of knowledge cannot be felt.

4. To truly understand the principles in the book, you must practice it yourself.

Xijiang Moon

Notes

1. Huangsha: Huangsha Ridge, to the west of Shangrao, Jiangxi. Huangsha Road: refers to the approximately 20 kilometers of rural road from Maodian in the village to Huangshaling in Dayu Village. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was a relatively prosperous official road that led directly to the ancient city of Shangrao, reaching Shangrao in the east and leading to Jiangxi Province in the west. (sound: salt) Shan County.

2. "Mingyue" sentence: Su Shi's poem "Ci Yun Jiang Yingshu": "The bright moon scares the magpies that have not yet settled on the branch."

3. The branch scares the magpies: It scares the magpies to fly away from the branches.

4. Singing cicada: the sound of cicada.

5. Old times: the past.

6. Maodian: a thatched country inn

7. Shelin: the woods near the Tutu Temple. Society, Temple of the Land. In ancient times, there was a community tree in the village, which was used as a place to worship gods, so it was called community forest.

8. See: Same as "appear", appear, appear.

9. Sudden Appearance: Sudden Appearance refers to the sudden appearance of a small shop. < /p>

13. Nian: the scenery of the year.

14. Listen: listen.

15. Beyond the Sky: The End of the World

Today’s Translation

Jiang Ting (Translation)·Walking on the Country Road

The moon comes out to startle There were magpies on the branches, and the gentle night breeze brought bursts of cicada chirping from time to time.

The fragrance of rice flowers is refreshing.

Stop and listen to the sound of frogs.

It seems to be singing for people’s harvest.

Look, you can still occasionally see a few stars in the sky.