Du Fu

Jiang Caojun is a descendant of Cao Cao's descendants, but now he is reduced to a poor family. The era of heroic separatism is gone forever, and Cao Jiawen's chapter is still in your hands. Mrs Wei, a beginner, is second only to Wang Xizhi. Indulge in painting, you know that the age of youth is coming. In fact, wealth and status are floating away like clouds to me. During the Kaiyuan period, you were often summoned by Tang Gaozong, and you were guaranteed to board the southern tour many times. The portrait of the hero in Lingyan Pavilion has faded, and Jiang Caojun can't brush away the repainted noodles. The head wears a Jinshi crown, and the warrior wears a big feather arrow on his waist. Male and female hair seems to be shaking, and they seem to be fighting in fierce battles. Artists copied them in various poses. On that day, the jade flower was taken into the temple, and the red rank was erected at the palace gate to increase its prestige. Then, general, I ordered you to continue your work. You concentrated all your existence on a piece of silk, and nine dragons appeared in an instant, expelling ten thousand generations of horses. If a real horse falls on the emperor's bed, the picture of the horse's bed is the same as the rank of standing in front of the real horse. The emperor smiled and urged the left and right to give you gold, and the servant and the groom were all stunned. Han Gan, a student of the general, can draw a horse and has many good images. Draw only meat and not bones, so that even the best ones lose their spirit. The general is good at painting and covering the gods, and meets the best. Today, I sketch some trivial passers-by from time to time. In your later years, you suffered from the eyes of the world, and no one in the world was so extremely poor as you. From the earliest time, I have been reading records all day? ? Wrapped around him.

Written in 764, Zong Guangde was in the second year, and the original note was "To General Cao Ba". Zhang Yanyuan, a Tang Dynasty writer, wrote in "History of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties": "After Cao Ba and Mao (a noble township public), temminic paintings were called descendants, and the hegemony was named Kaiyuan. At the end of Tianbao, every imperial edict said, "Imperial horse, meritorious service, official to general Zuo Wuwei." After the Anshi Rebellion, Cao Ba also drifted to Chengdu and met Du Fu. This poem can be said to be a wonderful biography of the painter, which also contains the poet's deep sympathy.

The whole poem has 40 sentences, eight sentences and one rhyme, words are exchanged, and the rhyme meaning is changed to a natural paragraph. The two or three events of Cao Ba's obedience to art listed in the poem describe the outline of the painter's life and are quite meticulous in material handling. The first eight sentences describe Cao Ba's family background, artistic events and personality. Starting from Wei Wu, the distant ancestor of the Syrian family, it is said that his separatist regime has collapsed, and so has his family. If there is any regret in his words, I really appreciate it. The focus is on the sentence "literary talent". For example, Du Fu boasted that "the poems of ancestors are the best in ancient times". Secondly, praise his calligraphy skills. But this is not Cao Ba's strong point, so it is a pity to say "second only to Wang Xizhi". However, compared with Shu Xian, it is certain that the method is so good, which also leaves enough room for the following praise of his painting skills and distinguishes between primary and secondary. Once again, he described his personality, saying that Cao Ba painted wholeheartedly, enjoyed it and was not moved by poverty. The sentence "Dan Qing doesn't know" is translated into The Analects of Confucius, "I am angry and forget to eat, I am happy and forget to worry, I don't know that I am always coming" and "unjust letting wealth and fame drift by like clouds". What is emphasized here is the artist's love and persistence in art. With this, coupled with the innate talent, that is, "literary talent", it is 100% success.

The protagonist who writes pictures in the last eight sentences is also a companion in Dan Qing's deeds, but he is more detailed than the brushwork. In 643, in the seventeenth year of Tang Zhenguan, twenty-four stone relief heroes (both civil and military) were ordered to work in Lingyange. As the years faded, Cao Ba was ordered to paint again in Kaiyuan. Historically, Li Ben's paintings are "similar in shape but similar in spirit", while Cao Ba's paintings are unique and portray the characters vividly. The phrase "on the head of a good man" summarizes the details of admiration for the characters' clothes, which shows the painter's meticulousness. Then the close-up praised the prestige of Duan and the portrait.

The following sixteen sentences, that is, two paragraphs, are about Cao Ba's painting of horses, which is the main pen in the poem. Liu Xizai talked about the book cloud: "Those who paint mountains must have a main peak, which is arched by the peak; Whoever writes must have a main pen, and the main pen is arched by the remaining pen. The main pen is poor, and the rest are defeated, so those who are good at books must strive for this pen. " This is not an ordinary painting, but a performance attended by the emperor (Xuanzong). "Painters have different views on the appearance (description) of mountains", which means that paintings are not like paintings because they are not vivid. It not only shows the magic of horses, but also shows the rarity of national players. It says below that the emperor called the silk pen, relying entirely on his pen, but the painter was in no hurry-"What can be done is not forced by the other side." What is he doing? "Business is bleak"-he's spying on someone, and he's brewing emotions. Whether to act in a hurry or plan before acting is an important difference between an expert and an impostor. Therefore, Lin Chong's blind concession before overthrowing Hong was a bleak business. "The general wants to be clever, but he doesn't send it." The so-called prosperity and inspiration did not fall from the sky. It is the product of accumulation, the accumulation of impressions and materials, the accumulation of techniques, the accumulation of emotions, and finally the creation impulse. When you feel that prosperity has arrived, you should work hard to create it. In this state, a real work of art was born: "Later, when your dragon horse was born from heaven, it banished the earthly horse for ten thousand generations!" "Du Fu was able to write a vivid Cao Ba, just as Cao Ba was able to draw a lively horse because he reached a spiritual tacit understanding with the object he wrote. Gai Du Fu also said: "The bachelor of Jixian County is like a wall, watching me put pen to paper in the study hall; "In the past, literary talent moved the Lord, but today hunger and cold tend to the side of the road" ("Don't doubt"), almost the same experience. Then he said with certainty that the painting was excellent, and it was difficult to draw a real horse. The emperor gave gold and the horse officials in the court were ashamed. Suddenly, a disciple of Han Gan, Cao Ba, was introduced, which set off Cao Ba's unique skills. The criticism of Han Gan here is not necessarily accurate, because ancient paintings, including those of the Tang Dynasty, all spoke highly of Han Gan's paintings of horses. For example, he said that he had the method of "stopping the flesh and blood" (summer). There is a famous saying: "I have my own teacher, and now the horse in your majesty's stable is also a servant's teacher" (Record of Famous Paintings in Tang Dynasty). The original work is also treasured by Taiwan Province, which can refute Du Fu's criticism that "painting meat instead of painting" may represent a certain stage of view, but it belongs to the art of respecting topics. It is worth noting that Du Fu put forward an important creative principle, which is about painting bones. The so-called "painting bones" is extended to the general, which refers to conveying the spiritual essence of the object. This kind of "bone" is the same, so that even the best people are deprived of the "spirit" of spirit and the "god" who is good at painting. According to legend, when Zhao Ziang draws a horse, he must pretend to be a horse in front of the mirror before he can write. He also said, "The right army has a noble personality, so the book is fascinating." Art always embodies the artist's character. The beauty of this passage in the poem lies entirely in his writing of the spirit of an artist.

The last eight sentences bemoan Cao Ba's frustrations and feel sorry for himself. As a dedicated artist, Cao Ba was still painting when he was wandering, but he no longer painted heroes and horses. He only paints artists occasionally, more for passers-by. He became a street painter and made a living by painting. Self-reliance in performing arts is one's spirit. But it's also embarrassing. The ancients said that "poetry is poor and backward", and so is painting. He also said that "there are two lives since ancient times" (Li Shangyin). This is a portrayal of Cao Ba and Du Fu himself. "Slogan of the Dead" also wrote: "Gong Zheng's pastel painting has been with the long night, and Cao Badan is bald; There are never mountains and rivers in the world, and people don't understand them. This is a powerful accusation that society does not attach importance to talents or even buries them.

Predecessors spoke highly of this poem, for example, "The Yangtze River in the past seven years is also in a sea of circulation, so examine its position carefully. No one expected it. The so-called bleak operator is invisible in painting and unique in poetry. " (Joey)