Original text
Confucius said: "If you are not angry, you will not take blame, and if you are not angry, you will not be angry. If you take one corner and do not turn it back with three, there will be no recovery."
Translation
Confucius said: "Don't enlighten him until he tries hard to understand it but can't; don't enlighten him until he understands it in his heart but can't express it perfectly. If he can't draw inferences from one example, just Don’t give him examples over and over again.”
Confucius’ famous sayings and their explanations
Learn and practice from time to time
Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xue Er": "Confucius said: 'Learn and practice it from time to time, isn't it also said to be (pleasant)?'" Wang Su noted: "Recite and practice it from time to time, learning will not waste your work, so it is joyful." Wang Shi's "learning" and "learning" have the same meaning, which seems to refer specifically to recitation. However, Confucius taught people to learn the "six arts", including etiquette, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics. "Recitation" is only "one end" (see Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice"). Huang Kanshu "Shi Xi" said: "Every study has three seasons." One refers to the year, the second refers to the season, and the third refers to the morning and evening. The contemporary Jiang Boqian believed that "learning is to know the new, and learning is to review the past" ("Introduction to the Thirteen Classics").
Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking.
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman has nothing to eat to satisfy himself, and a place to live without seeking peace of mind. He is quick to do things but cautious in speaking.'" Also in "The Analects of Confucius·Li Ren": "A gentleman wants to be slow in speaking but is sensitive to words." Yu Xing". The meaning is the same. It means to be diligent and quick in doing things, but cautious in speaking. Zhu Xi's note: "Those who are quick at doing things will do what they can't do. Those who are cautious about speaking will not dare to use up all the rest." (Analects of Confucius) Another explanation: "Things are difficult to do, so you must be quick; words are easy to say, Therefore, be cautious." (Volume 22 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") In addition, there are Confucius' words in "Xunzi Zidao", "Han Shi Wai Zhuan", "Shuo Yuan·Miscellaneous Words" and other chapters, "Be careful when speaking." Wow" record.
Learning without thinking will lead to failure; thinking without learning will lead to peril.
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "Confucius said: 'Learning without thinking means losing sight; thinking without learning leads to peril.'" "Wang" means confusion. Zheng Xuan's note: 罔, still 罔罔 ignorant of appearance. "Peril" has two meanings: one is critical, which means uncertainty. One is fatigue, mental fatigue and no gain. When solved in the past. This sentence can be combined with the chapter "Reviewing the past and learning the new". Yang Shuda, a recent scholar, commented: "Those who review the past but cannot learn the new are learning without thinking; those who do not review the past but want to learn the new are thinking without learning." ("The Analects of Confucius") Confucius first advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, and he regarded Confucius as It has a profound impact on my disciples. For example, Zixia talks about learning and thinking carefully and "The Doctrine of the Mean" talks about learning and thinking carefully, both of which believe that learning and thinking cannot be neglected.
If a person has no faith, he does not know what he is capable of.
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng" "Confucius said: 'If a person has no faith, he does not know what is possible.'" Zheng Xuan notes: "He who does not know what is possible means that his words cannot be implemented." Kong Anguo's note: "If you don't believe what you say, the rest will be useless." Zhu Xi said: "If a person has no true sincerity, everything he says is false." (Volume 24 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") The recent scholar Jiang Boqian distinguished between trust and belief in two meanings: "What you say must be true; what you say must be fulfilled." ("Yu Yi Guang Jie") Confucius and later Confucian scholars attached great importance to trust, and "loyalty in words and sincerity in deeds" ("The Analects of Confucius, Duke Wei Linggong") was the Confucian principle of life.
Be slow in words but quick in deeds
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman wants to be slow in words and quick in deeds'". Bao Xian's note: "Nause means slowness. The desire to speak is slow and the desire to act is fast." Zhu Xi quotes Xie Liangzuo's note: "It is easy to speak, so one wants to be slow; it is difficult to act hard, so one wants to be quick." There are many synonyms in the Analects of Confucius. Sentences: "Be careful what you say, and you will have few regrets" ("Wei Zheng"), "The ancients did not say what they said, and they were ashamed to bow without catching it" ("Li Ren"), "A gentleman is ashamed of his words and goes beyond his actions" ("Li Ren") "Xian Wen"), etc., can all reflect Confucius' consistent thought of emphasizing conduct and caution in speech. See "Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking."
Virtue is never alone, it must have neighbors
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'Virtue is never alone, it must have neighbors.'"
Listen to his words and observe his actions
Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang": "I am responsible for day and night. Confucius said: 'Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of dung soil cannot be smashed. Why should I be punished?' Confucius said: 'I have given it to others, and listened to them. "Believe what you say and follow what you do." "Shuo Yuan Zun Xian" records that Confucius said: "The way to learn from others is to observe their words and then observe their actions... Therefore, first observe their words and then observe their actions." "The Book of Rites of Dadai: The Virtues of the Five Emperors": "The Master said: 'I want to win people by their words, and then change them.'" This is the meaning of this chapter. Zhu Xi cited Hu's note and said: Confucius said, "Listen to words and observe actions. Therefore, I established a teaching to warn the disciples, so that they can be careful in speaking and sensitive in deeds."
" ("Analects of Confucius")
Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions
Confucius's famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Gongye Chang": "Zigong asked: 'What is the name of Confucius Wenzi' Zhiwen? ’ Confucius said: ‘A person who is quick and eager to learn, and who is not ashamed to ask questions is called literary. ’” Kong Wenzi, Doctor Wei. “Wen” is his posthumous title. Zhu Xi’s note: “Ordinary people are quick to learn but are slow to learn, and those in high positions are often ashamed to ask questions from their subordinates. Therefore, the posthumous law has someone who writes "diligently learns and loves to ask questions", which is also difficult for people. "("The Analects of Confucius") also said: "The ancients' posthumous methods were very lenient", "Confucius is certainly not good, but this benefit is only due to the fact that he can learn quickly and ask questions, which is also a benefit." This shows that Confucius is "broad-minded and big-hearted" Degree, so the blame is also broad" (Volume 29 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei").
Being gentle and polite, then a gentleman
Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": "Zi Said: 'If quality is better than literature, then you will be wild; if literature is better than quality, you will be history; if literature is better than quality, then you will be a gentleman'. "According to the meaning of the word, wen, literary talent; quality, simplicity; politeness, mixed appearance. Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius" of the Southern Song Dynasty: "A scholar of eloquence should make up for his shortcomings and make up for his losses. As for becoming virtuous, it will happen unexpectedly." Qing Dynasty Liu Baonan's "Analects of Justice": "Etiquette has both quality and writing. The pledger is the foundation. Etiquette cannot be established without foundation, and it cannot be practiced without writing. If it can be established and practiced, this is what it means. "When Confucius said "wen", it refers to the external expression of conformity to propriety; "quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only with the inner character of "benevolence" and at the same time able to express it in conformity with "propriety" can one become " "Gentleman". The relationship between literature and quality, that is, the relationship between propriety and benevolence. One reflects the ideal personality of the "gentleman" that Confucius strives to advocate; the other reflects his consistent thought of the mean: that is, he does not advocate partiality. It is better than writing, and it does not advocate partiality over quality; it should be impartial and impartial, and it is not easy to achieve the best. "Confucius said: 'The quality of Yu and Xia is the same as the writing of Yin and Zhou. The writings of the Yu and Xia Dynasties are not as good as their quality; the quality of their writings is not as good as those of the Yin and Zhou dynasties; how can it be said that the writing quality is right? " ("Book of Rites·Biaoji")
Respect ghosts and gods and keep them at a distance
Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": "Fan Chi asked about it, and Confucius said:' The righteousness of serving the people, respecting ghosts and gods and keeping away from them, can be said to be known.'" Zhu Xi's note: "Dedicate your efforts to what is suitable for humanity, and not be confused by the unknowable things of ghosts and gods. This is the matter of those who know." " ("Analects of Confucius") Liu Baonan of the Qing Dynasty interpreted this sentence as: "It means to serve ghosts and gods with courtesy" ("Analects of Justice"). "Book of Rites·Biaoji": "The Master said: 'Xia Dao respects orders and serves ghosts. Respect gods and keep them at a distance, stay close to others but be loyal; people in the Yin Dynasty respected gods and led their people to serve gods, putting ghosts first and then being polite; people in Zhou respected gods but still gave them, and served ghosts while respecting gods but staying away from them, staying close to people but being loyal. " Combined with the above words of Confucius to Fan Chi, it can be seen that Confucius held a different view of ghosts and gods from the Xia merchants, and taught Fan Chi to follow Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also proposed that ghosts and gods should not be treated lightly or treated with disrespect. Closeness, which is different from the attitude of emphasizing that humans should be dealt with before ghosts and gods in daily life and social activities ("The Analects of Confucius·Advanced": "Ji Lu asked about ghosts and gods, Confucius said: 'If you can't serve people, how can you serve ghosts?'") Consistent.
If you want to establish, you will establish people; if you want to reach people, you will reach people.
Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye". Confucius answered Zigong's question about benevolence: "Husband. A benevolent person, if he wants to establish himself, he can establish others; if he wants to achieve something, he can achieve success in others. If he can draw examples from others, this can be said to be the way of benevolence. "Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Analects of Confucius: "It is the heart of a benevolent person to treat oneself and others. Looking at it from this point of view, you can see that the laws of heaven are flowing around without any leisure. ” Ruan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty’s "Sutra Study Room Collection": "Being tireless in doing it will help you achieve success; being tireless in teaching others will help you build others up." Those who are established are like "establishing at thirty"; those who are successful are like "you will be successful in your country and you will be successful at home". "This sentence still means that if you want to stand up, you must also make others stand up. If you want everything to work, you should also make everything work for others. This embodies the way of "forgiveness" advocated by Confucius, that is, Regarding the practical approaches and methods of "benevolence", the high standard of "forgiveness" is to do what you want to do to others, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a positive sense. The low standard is to do what you don't want and do to others. Not to do evil, that is, practice "benevolence" in a negative sense (see "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you), respect yourself and others, observe yourself and know others, that is, recognize the value of others, care about the survival and survival of others Development reflects the humanitarian characteristics of Confucius’ thoughts from another aspect.
Rescribe without writing, believe in the past.
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Zi. Said: "Reciting without writing, trusting but loving the ancients, stealing and comparing to me, Lao Peng". ""Hanshu·Rulinzhuan": Confucius "investigated the ancient and modern texts" to narrate "Book", call "Music", discuss "Poetry", because of Lu's "Spring and Autumn", and to read "Yi", "all because of the recent saints" To establish the teachings of the ancestors.
Therefore, it is said that 'state without writing, believe in and love the ancients'". Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius": "Confucius deleted the "Poems", "Books", Dingli, Yu, praised the "Book of Changes", and revised the "Spring and Autumn", all of which were passed on to the ancestors. "Old, but nothing has been done". This sentence means that the old chapters are passed down without creating, and the ancient culture is both obedient and fond of. "Not writing" and "loving the ancients" are Confucius's summary of his lifelong teaching and academic research career. At the same time, it also reflects his principle of organizing historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. Zhu Xi believes that Confucius "has done twice as much work as he has done" (ibid.). It is believed that Confucius actually stated and composed.
He learned silently, never tired of learning, and never tired of teaching.
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: 'Knowing things silently, never getting tired of learning, never getting tired of teaching others, what does that have to do with me?'" See also "Mencius Gongsun Chou, Part 1": "Confucius said: 'I cannot do it if it is sage. I never tire of learning and never tire of teaching'"; "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" also records: "Confucius said: 'How am I worthy of such praise? If you don’t do it yourself, you will be eager to learn and never get tired of teaching, and be eager to teach but never tire of it.'" The sentence means: Keep silently what you see and hear in your heart, study vigorously and never be satisfied, teach students tirelessly. Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius" of the Southern Song Dynasty: "Three of them are not the ultimate saint, but they still do not deserve it, which is a word of modesty and humility." Qian Mu, a recent scholar, believes that "this chapter may be regarded as a word of modesty, but it is not." " ("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius") Confucius mentioned three things here: First, the emphasis is on verbal awareness (memory), not on silent speech. The so-called "hear a lot, and keep it quality" ("Book of Rites·缁衣"), "If you hear more, you will choose the good ones and follow them; if you see more, you will recognize them" ("The Analects of Confucius"). The second and third words express Confucius's diligence in pursuing knowledge and his enthusiasm in teaching his disciples. At the same time, it is also a reasonable summary of Confucius' understanding and methods of "learning" and "teaching (teaching)".
Being rich and noble through unrighteousness is like a floating cloud to me
Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "The Master said: 'Eat sparingly, drink water, bend your arms and rest on it, and enjoy it; wealth and honor obtained through unrighteousness are like floating clouds to me.'" Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty commented: "Wealth and honor are like floating clouds." Those who do not use righteousness are like floating clouds to me, which are not my own." Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty's "Analects of Confucius": "He regards unjust wealth and honor as floating clouds, and is indifferent to it." It means : Wealth and official position acquired through unjust means are like floating clouds in the sky to me. See also the same chapter in "The Analects": "The Master said: 'Wealth can be sought, even if it is a man with a whip, I will do it, as if it is not possible. Seek, follow what I like'"; "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'Wealth and honor are what people want. If you don't get it by following the way, you can't get it'. Confucius reiterates his view of harmony here. The specific principle of seeking wealth is that it must be in line with "righteousness" and "benevolence". If you get it contrary to this, it will be regarded as a passing smoke and not worth it.
Being so angry that you forget to eat, being happy and forgetting your worries, you don’t know that old age is coming
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Ye Gong asked Confucius about Zilu, and Zilu was wrong. . Confucius said, "Nv Xibu said: As a human being, she is so angry that she forgets to eat, and she is happy and forgets her worries. She doesn't know that old age is coming." Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty's "Analects of Confucius": Talking about this talent encourages people to learn. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty "Analects of Confucius": "If you don't get it, you will be angry and forget to eat; if you get it, you will be happy and forget about worries; so the two are indifferent, and they will breed every day without knowing the lack of years. But he said that he is eager to learn and has a keen ear." The recent scholar Kang Youwei's "Analects of Confucius" notes: "If you forget to eat, you will not know poverty; if you forget to worry, you will not know suffering; if you forget old age, you will not know life and death; no perfect person can reach this point." The meaning of this sentence is: If you work hard and don't even remember to eat (you have learned something), you will be so happy that you will forget your worries and will not even notice that you are in the old state. This is actually the words of the Master's self-motivation. "The Master said: 'This is how benevolent the Book of Songs is. Walking on the country road, but abandoning the middle road, forgetting one's own old age, not knowing the insufficiency of years. "Look down, there will be breeding every day, and then it will die." He was eager to learn throughout his life, advocated actively and promisingly, and diligently pursued the realization of the doctrine he founded. "If I give up halfway, I can't finish it" ("Book of Rites: Doctrine of the Mean"), This shows Confucius's constant self-improvement, perseverance and wise and optimistic attitude towards life.
When three people walk together, there must be a teacher.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "The Master said: 'When three people walk, they must have my teacher. I will choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. ’” Zhu Xi’s note: “When three people are walking together, one of them is me, and if there are two of them, one is good and the other is evil, then I will follow the good, and I will follow the good and change the evil. These two are both my teachers.
"("Analects of Confucius") Liu Baonan quoted the old saying and put forward two explanations: One is that "I and the other are three people. If the two of them think that I am good, I will follow it; if the two of them think that I am bad, I will follow it." Change it. These two people are both my teachers. Shu Hongfan said: If three people account for it, then the words of the two people will be followed. This is what is called. "One said, "Three people walking together, there is no wise or foolish person. Some of them are good and some are not good, just follow what you see and change them accordingly. It does not mean that one person is good and the other person is bad. If you follow his good deeds, you are my teacher. "
A gentleman is magnanimous, and a villain has long-term relationships.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer". "Shuowen": "Tan means peace. "Dangdang, the name for the vastness. Qi Qi, the name for the constant worries. A gentleman knows things well, so he treats people and things as if he is walking on a flat road, safe and comfortable. The villain's mind is always in service of things, worrying about gains and losses, so he often There is a sense of sympathy. Huang Kanshu quoted Jiang Xi as saying: "A gentleman is open-minded and unselfish. A villain is preoccupied with glory and gain, and cares about gains and losses, so he grows up to be a nobleman. Chengzi said: "The gentleman follows the principles, so he is always comfortable; the villain is busy with things, so he has many worries." "(See "Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi Zidao" states that a gentleman has a lifetime of happiness and no worries for a day, while a villain has a lifetime of worries and no happiness for a day. This has the same meaning.
When it is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will then wither.
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither." Yu Dongliang's talent. Zhu Xi cited Xie Shangcai's note and said: "When a scholar is poor, he will know integrity, and when the world is chaotic, he will know his loyal ministers." "("Analects of Confucius") Xunzi compared pines and cypresses to a gentleman: "If the age is not cold, there is no way to know the pines and cypresses; if things are not difficult, there is no way to see that the gentleman is there all the time. "("Xunzi·Daliue") "Zhuangzi·Rang Wang" quoted Confucius as saying: "A gentleman is said to be knowledgeable when he is in the way, and he is poor when he is poor in the way. How can he be poor if he embraces the way of benevolence and righteousness in troubled times? Why? Therefore, one should introspect without being exhausted by the Tao, and should face difficulties without losing one's virtue. ”
The wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, the brave are not afraid
Confucius’ famous saying. "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: The wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, the brave are not afraid." fear. "The Analects of Confucius" quotes the note from "Shenjian·Miscellaneous Statements": "A gentleman is happy with heaven and knows his fate, so he has no worries; he can discern things clearly, so he is no longer confused; he is determined to serve the public, so he has no fear." "Also, the order of the three recorded in "The Analects of Confucius Xianwen" is different: "There are three ways of a gentleman, and I am incompetent: the benevolent do not worry, the knowledgeable do not be confused, the brave do not fear. Confucius humbled himself that he did not have the three virtues of knowledge, benevolence, and courage, but Zi Gong regarded him as having all three virtues, so he said: "Master has his own way." " ("Xian Wen")
If the people have no faith, they will not stand.
Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Since ancient times, there has been death, and if the people have no faith, there will be no standing." "This is Confucius's answer to Zigong's question about government. The people's trust and adequate food and sufficient soldiers are Confucius's policies to govern and strengthen the country. However, you can remove the soldiers and food, but you cannot make the people untrustworthy; the people's trust is the foundation. This is what Confucius said. The idea of ??sacrificing one's life to achieve benevolence has something in common with Mencius's idea of ??sacrificing one's own life for righteousness. Later Zhu Xi once said: "People will die without food, but death is inevitable for everyone." Without faith, even though you are alive, you will not be able to stand on your own feet, and it will be worse than death. Therefore, I would rather die than break faith with the people, so that the people would rather die than break faith with me."
Which one is better than the common people and the king?
Confucius' famous saying. This quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius· "Yan Yuan": "The people are satisfied, but who is the ruler?" If the people are not enough, which king will be enough? "This is Confucius's disciple Youruo's answer to Lu Aigong's question: "There is hunger in the year and not enough money." As it is said when "What is it like". This is to develop the Confucian thought of Confucius that "government is to make the people rich" ("Shuoyuan Zhengli"). Confucius believed that the people's wealth lies in low taxes and low taxes. "The poem goes: 'Kai Ti is a gentleman, The parents of the people have never been seen whose children are rich but their parents are poor." (ibid.). Zhu Xi noted: "If the people are rich, the ruler will not be poor; if the people are poor, the ruler will not be poor. If you deeply express the meaning of the unity of the monarch and the people, in order to stop the public's excessiveness and restraint, and to be a superior person, you should think deeply about it. "(Analects of Confucius)" "Therefore, the master of the Ming Dynasty must be careful to maintain its harmony, control its flow, open its source, and consider it at all times." Huangran ensures that the world will have more than enough, and those above will not worry about lack. In this way, both the top and the bottom will be rich, and there will be nothing to hide. This is the ultimate understanding of the national plan. "
The beauty of a gentleman in adulthood
Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Confucius said: The beauty of a gentleman in adulthood is not the evil of adults. The villain is on the contrary. "Zhu Xi notes: "Those who succeed can do so through incentives, rewards and persuasion. "Dadaili Zengzi Establishes Things": "A gentleman is good to himself and also enjoys the kindness of others." If you can do it yourself, you can also enjoy what others can do. " is similar to the meaning of Confucius.
His body is upright, and he does not follow orders
Confucius's famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Confucius said: His body is upright, and he does not follow orders. And do it, even if you don't obey the order.
Confucianism has always believed that the one who is superior is "the one who leads the way and is upright and wins the trust of the people." "If it is not upright, the people will not believe it." "("Book of Han Gongsun Hongzhuan") "This is the legislation of the old master. He first checked the formal instruments himself, so he ordered it to be implemented in the world. " ("Huainanzi Zhushu")
If you see small gains, big things will fail
Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Zi Xia was the governor of Ju Fu, and asked politics. Confucius said: There is no desire for haste, no small gain. Haste makes waste; small gains mean big things will fail. "Zhu Xi's "Collected Notes": "Seeing the small is beneficial, then what you gain is small, and what you lose is big. " He also quoted Cheng Zi saying that Confucius knew that his disciple "Zi Xia's illness was always close to him", so he "reported it to him as a personal matter" (ibid.). "The Analects of Confucius" quoted Xunzi as saying: "Benefit means benefiting the country and benefiting the people. . If a person in politics sees big profits, he must do well, but small ears should not be seen." "Dadai Liji·Four Dynasties": "It is good to see small profits, but it will hinder politics. "
If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius Taibo": "Confucius said: 'If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power'. ""Xian Wen" also has this saying. Its purpose is to "want everyone to concentrate on their duties" (Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice"). It is also the consistent attitude of Confucianism. Zengzi said: "A gentleman cannot think about his position." "("The Analects of Confucius·Xianwen") Later Mencius also said, "It is a sin to speak of a high position if you have a low position." "The Doctrine of the Mean" also says, "A gentleman acts in his position and does not want to be outside of it." "The inferior will not help the superior", which are similar to this article.
If a person has no long-term worries, he will have immediate worries
Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius Said: If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries. "Analects of Confucius" Quotation: "The worry is not far away, and the worry is coming soon, so it is called near worry." "Xunzi·Dalue" says: "Think about things first and worry about worries first." Thinking about things in advance is called taking over, and taking over will make things happen. The first thing to worry about is called hesitation, and hesitation means that disaster will not occur. Those who worry about things later are called trapped. If trapped, the disaster will be uncontrollable. "Confucianism values ????people's foresight and foresight.
Be generous to yourself, but blame others less.
Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said : If you are generous to yourself and blame others poorly, you will be far away from resentment. "This is to apply "benevolence" to others. Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty expressed it: "Govern people with benevolence, govern me with righteousness, be kind to oneself, and belittle responsibilities to others. This is what we call it. "("Chun Qiu Fan Lu·The Law of Benevolence and Righteousness") "Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Ju Nan" also says: "Therefore, when a gentleman blames others, he uses benevolence, and when he blames himself, he uses righteousness. If you blame others with benevolence, you will be easy to do; if you are easy to do with others, you will win people; if you blame yourself with righteousness, it will be difficult to do wrong; if it is difficult to do wrong, you will behave in a disguised manner. "Zhu Xi noted: "If you rebuke yourself well, you will be able to cultivate yourself; if you rebuke others lightly, you will be easy to follow, so people will not be able to do so and will blame you. " ("Analects of Confucius")
A gentleman seeks for himself, while a villain seeks for others
Confucius' famous saying. The four views in "The Analects" have the same purpose but minor differences in text. "Xue" "And" contains: "Confucius said: 'If you are not troubled by others, you don't know it; if you are troubled, you don't know others. '" It means that you don't have to worry about others not knowing me. What you should worry about is that I don't know others. "Li Ren" writes: "Don't worry if you don't know what you know, you can know what you want to do. "The meaning of the previous sentence is the same, and the meaning of the next sentence is: I should worry about what I have that can be known to others. "Xian Wen" writes: "Don't worry about what others don't know, but worry about what they can't do. "Wei Ling Gong" also wrote: "A gentleman is sick and incompetent. If he is not sick, he will not know it." "Zhu Xi's note: Confucius "Gai has said this many times, and the meaning of Ding Ning can also be seen. "("Analects of Confucius") Wang Euzhi's note: "It can take away my name but not my ambition; it can trap me in circumstances but not trap me in a world where heaven and man have no shame, so there is no need to worry. " ("The Teachings of the Four Books")
Don't use words to lift people up, and don't use people to trash talk
Confucius's famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: No Use your words to lift people up, don’t use your words to waste your words. Bao Xian's note: "Those who speak do not have to be virtuous, so they cannot speak to others." Wang Su noted: "Good words cannot be discarded without virtue." "It means not to recommend someone because his words are pleasing to the ear, nor to despise someone because of his shortcomings. Confucius's steady and comprehensive skills of promoting people and listening to words are valued by later generations.
Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Zhong Gong asked about benevolence, Confucius said: When you go out, you are like seeing a distinguished guest, and you treat the people as if they are welcome. Great festival. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. No resentment in the country, no resentment at home. "This is what Confucius said about benevolence. "Wei Linggong": "Zigong asked: Is there anything you can say that can be implemented throughout your life? Confucius said: How can I forgive you? Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. "This also means forgiveness. Confucius often uses "forgiveness" to explain "benevolence". Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary": "Forgiveness means respecting oneself and others. This is what Zigong said: "I don't want others to do anything to me, and I also want nothing to be done to others."
" ("Gongye Chang") Later Confucianism emphasized "Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you" in order to implement "benevolent government".
Small impatience will mess up big plans
Confucius Famous quote. The quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius: Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: Clever words mess up virtue, and small impatience messes up great plans. "Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius": "Small intolerance is like the benevolence of a woman and the courage of a man. ” He also said: “A woman’s benevolence cannot endure love; a man’s courage cannot endure anger, both of which can disrupt great plans.” "(Volume 45 of "Zhuzi Yulei") The contemporary Yang Shuda also divided into three meanings: "cannot bear anger"; "cannot bear kindness, cannot cut off kindness with justice"; "cannot bear to give up money and money" ("Analects of Confucius") .
People can spread the Tao, but it is not the Tao that spreads people.
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius: Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: 'People can spread the Tao, but it is not the Tao that spreads people.' ’” It means that people can enlarge the Tao, but they cannot use the Tao to enlarge a great person. Wang Su noted: “Those with great talents have great Tao, and those with small talents have Tao with small ones, so they cannot promote others.” ” Zhu Xi’s note: “There is no way for people outside the way, and there is no one outside the way.” However, the human heart is aware, but the Tao body is inactive. Therefore, a person can magnify his Tao, but the Tao cannot magnify his person. "("Analects of Confucius") Dong Zhongshu also quoted this sentence in his countermeasures for heaven and man, saying that it is up to oneself to control chaos, waste and prosperity. Today, Yang Bojun believes that it is inconsistent with his will.
Do not give way to the teacher
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius: Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: 'Do not give in to the teacher. ’” “Being benevolent” has two interpretations: one is to face benevolence; the other is to shoulder the important task of realizing benevolence. Zhu Xi’s note: “Being benevolent means taking benevolence as one’s responsibility. Although there is nothing inferior to a teacher, he said that if he goes forward bravely, he will do it. Gai Ren is what people have and do for themselves. There is no struggle. How can it be inferior to existence? " ("Analects of Confucius") The word "teacher" is generally interpreted as "teacher". The contemporary Qian Muxun means "all people".
Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing
Confucius Famous quote. The quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius: Weizheng": "The Master said: 'You! Do you know this? To know is to know, and to not know is to know. This is knowledge. ’” The “knowledge” in “Zhiye” is the same as wisdom. Zhu Xi’s note: “Zilu was very brave, and there were those who thought he knew what he didn’t know, so his old husband told him. "("Analects of Confucius") What is recorded in "Xunzi·Zidao" can be evidenced: Zilu saw Confucius in rich clothes. Confucius said: "Now that women's clothes are rich and full of color, who in the world is willing to admonish women." "Also said: "Therefore, when a gentleman knows something, he says he knows it, and if he doesn't know it, he says he doesn't know it, and it is necessary to say it; if he can do it, he says he can do it; if he cannot do it, he says he can't do it, and he does it to the best of his ability. "Another chapter of "Confucianism" says: "If you know, you will say you know it; if you don't know, you will say you don't know it; if you don't accuse yourself internally, you will not deceive yourself externally; if you respect the virtuous and fear the law, you will not dare to be arrogant; this is the refined Confucianism. "
An ordinary man cannot seize his will.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: 'The three armies want to seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize his will.' ’” Kong Anguo’s note: “Although the three armies are numerous, but the hearts of the people are not unified, the generals can seize them; even though the men are weak, they can only maintain their ambitions, so they cannot be captured and seize them. Zhu Xi quoted Hou as saying: "The courage of the three armies lies in the people, and the ambition of the common man lies in himself." Therefore, the commander can be captured but the ambition cannot be captured. If it can be taken away, it is not enough to be called ambition. "("Analects of Confucius") Chapter "Li Xin·缁衣" also says: "Confucius said: 'Words have things and actions have patterns. Therefore, one cannot take away one's ambition in life, and one cannot take one's reputation in death'. ”
To listen to the Tao and speak it in a way is to abandon virtue
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo": "Confucius said: 'To listen to the Tao and to speak it in a way is to abandon virtue
Abandon it. ’” Huang Kanshu said: “The study of memorizing questions is not enough to be a teacher. A teacher must review the past to learn the new, study it carefully for a long time, and then he can teach it to others. If you listen to the road, it will be said by people, and there will be a lot of fallacies. Therefore, it is abandoned by the virtuous. He also abandons his own virtue. Qian Mu, a recent scholar, said: "It is easy to hear the Tao, and it is easy to speak the Tao." Even if it enters Zi's ears and comes out of his mouth, even if he hears good words, he does not keep them as his own, and his virtue will never be achieved. "("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi·Daliue": "A gentleman does not speak when in doubt, and does not speak when he has not asked. The road is getting farther and farther. "It has a similar meaning to Confucius' opposition to hearsay.
If the Tao is different, we will not conspire against each other
Confucius's famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: 'The Tao is different. , don't plot against each other." "Historical Records of Boyi" quoted this saying: "If the ways are different, they should not plot against each other, and each should follow his own ambition." "The Biography of Lao Zhuang and Shen Han" said: "Those who study Lao Tzu in the world are inferior to Confucianism, and Confucianism is inferior to Lao Tzu. If the Tao is different, they do not seek each other. How can it be said?" Qian Mu, a recent scholar, has two interpretations. One is, "Gentlemen also have different opinions and deeds, but if they are the same as the Tao, they can work together." But villains who are traitors to the Tao are divided into good and evil, evil and righteous, so it is difficult for them to plot against each other. "The first one is "Tao refers to martial arts, such as shooting and chastity, each has its own focus and does not work against each other. "("New Interpretation of The Analects of Confucius")