Basic political knowledge of public institutions: the basic law of the development of philosophical understanding. As we all know, in all kinds of public service examinations, the content of basic knowledge of public institutions (especially in the selection of public institutions at all levels) is relatively low compared with the administrative ability test and application. However, in the limited proportion of public basic knowledge, the philosophy part involves both key points and difficulties. Here, I want to share with you the understanding and mastering skills of the basic law of cognitive development in the part of philosophical epistemology, and give you encouragement.
Epistemology in Marxist philosophy is a complex content, in which understanding the basic laws of development is the key and difficult point. The difficulty of understanding is that the development of cognition needs to go through two leaps. The contents of the two leaps are close but completely different, and it is easy to deviate in understanding and memory. Firstly, it introduces the first leap of the basic law of cognitive development:
It is not difficult for everyone to find out what they have learned before, and practice determines understanding. This means that any knowledge and cognition of objective things by human beings comes from human practical activities. However, if human beings practice something in a certain field for the first time at this moment, it is obviously impossible to have a deeper understanding or understanding of it immediately. This kind of knowledge can only be called perceptual knowledge. It is not difficult to find that perceptual knowledge is a relatively preliminary understanding. Furthermore, perceptual knowledge is manifested in three aspects: feeling, perception and representation. But after repeated practice, human beings can finally have a deeper understanding and cognition of any field or thing. The in-depth understanding and cognition gained through repeated practice is rational cognition, which is embodied in three aspects: concept, judgment and reasoning. It is not difficult to see that after repeated practice, the understanding has further developed. Therefore, the process of upgrading perceptual knowledge gained from initial practice to rational knowledge of repeated practice is the first leap in the development of knowledge. In addition, we introduce you to the second leap in cognitive development:
It is not difficult to find that people have gained a deeper understanding only after the first leap in cognitive development. But neither the initial cognition (perceptual cognition) nor the deeper cognition (rational cognition) has been tested. Therefore, practice is the only standard content to test whether knowledge has truth, in connection with the viewpoint that knowledge is determined by practice. You can find that the knowledge gained through practice can be applied to practical activities to test and verify the correctness of cognition. The final results are nothing more than two: practice tests that knowledge is feasible, and this knowledge is correct knowledge, that is, truth; Or it has been proved by practice that understanding is not feasible, which is a wrong understanding, that is, fallacy. But don't forget to remind everyone here that truth and truth are completely different things. Truth is a test standard, and truth is one of the results obtained after truth test. Please don't confuse this view.
Finally, summarize a common misunderstanding and error-prone point for candidates: if there is an examination question to show you this-rational knowledge is more reliable than perceptual knowledge. This topic is definitely wrong. There is a simple reason. There is no right or wrong between perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge, only deep and superficial differences. Right and wrong and depth are two dimensions. Its correct expression should be-rational knowledge is more profound than perceptual knowledge. Most philosophical questions are based on stem, so please pay special attention to the steps of reading and examining the questions. This is the end of today's knowledge of analyzing and understanding the basic laws of development. I hope this knowledge can help candidates prepare for the exam. I wish you all a smooth preparation. Thank you.
The political theory knowledge of "digital memory" in the basic political knowledge examination center of public institutions;
First:
An era: Socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era (historical position)
A contradiction: the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and the inadequate development imbalance.
Dream: the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
One theme: Socialism with Chinese characteristics (Twelfth National Congress)
A main line: supply-side structural reform (economy) the construction of the party's ruling ability and the construction of advanced purity (party building)
Great Project: A New Great Project of Party Building
One Leader: Political Construction of the Party
A foundation: firm ideals and beliefs
The second point:
Two things remain unchanged: national sentiment and international status remain unchanged.
For two hundred years:
Centenary of the Party-Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way
People's Republic of China (PRC) has been founded for one hundred years-a powerful socialist modern country.
Two stages: 2020-2035 and 2035- the middle of this century.
Two periods; Decisive period and historical intersection period
Two cores: socialist core values and socialist core value system.
Second, the direction: serving the people and socialism.
The policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend
Double Innovation Policy: Creative Transformation and Innovative Development
Two-oriented society: resource-saving and environment-friendly society
The third point:
Three strategies for regional development: One Belt and One Road strategy, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy and Yangtze River Economic Belt strategy.
Three major battles: accurate poverty alleviation, pollution prevention and control, and prevention and resolution of major risks.
Three models: social poverty alleviation, special poverty alleviation and industry poverty alleviation.
Three control lines: permanent basic farmland, urban development boundary and ecological protection red line.
A learning, service-oriented and innovative political party.
Separation of three powers: ownership, qualification and right to use (homestead)
Three advantages: whether it is conducive to productivity, comprehensive national strength and people's living standards.
Theory of Three Represents: Representing the development requirements of advanced productive forces, the orientation of advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.
The fourth point:
Four comprehensiveness (strategic layout): building a well-off society in an all-round way, comprehensively deepening reforms, comprehensively administering the country according to law, and comprehensively administering the party strictly.
Four: great struggle, great dream, great cause and great project (decisive role)
Four Spirits: Great Unity, Great Struggle, Great Creativity and Great Dream (First Session of the 13th National People's Congress)
Four self-confidences: road self-confidence (the only way), theoretical self-confidence (correct theory), institutional self-confidence (fundamental institutional guarantee) and cultural self-confidence (strong spiritual strength).
Four consciousnesses: political consciousness, overall situation consciousness, core consciousness and integration consciousness.
Four obeisances: the minority obeys the majority (foundation), the lower level obeys the higher level, the individual obeys the collective, and the whole party obeys the central government (core).
Four tests: the party's ruling test, the external environment test, the market economy test and the reform and opening up test.
Four dangers: the danger of mental slack, the danger of lack of ability, the danger of being divorced from the masses (the greatest danger) and the danger of negative corruption.
Construction of the Fourth Army: building the army politically, strengthening the army through reform, developing the army through science and technology, and managing the army according to law.
Four iron cadres: iron belief, iron belief, iron discipline and iron responsibility.
The fifth point:
Five concepts:
Innovation (the first driving force), coordination (inherent requirement), green (necessary condition), openness (the only way) and * * * enjoyment (essential requirement)
Five in one (overall layout): economy, politics, culture, society and ecology
Five major punishments: warning, serious warning, revocation of party posts, probation in the party, and expulsion from the party.