"A good beginning is half the battle", and the beginning of an article is very important. With a good beginning, the article can not only drive the whole article and make it unfold smoothly, but also capture the readers and make them fascinating. Here, I'd like to introduce several easy-to-master methods for the beginning of narrative: First, cut to the chase. For example, the article "Revisiting the Old Places" begins like this: Perhaps on a whim, I once again picked up that beautifully bound but dusty photo album. When I saw the group of photos of "reed flute cave", I couldn't help but be attracted, so I "toured" it again ... Second, I have to cut to the chase. That is, with the help of writing techniques (such as discussion, description, lyricism, quotation, etc.), rhetorical methods (such as rhetorical questions, metaphors, etc.) or other methods (such as suspense, etc.), the door is decorated more beautifully, which makes the article more literary, and then expresses the theme more profoundly and vividly, which is more attractive. For example, "A dime" begins with the words: "The rain is floating and the wind is whistling". The description of bad weather plays a role in setting off the fate of the heroine's old woman and gives readers a heavy feeling. ..... There are many ways to write at the beginning of the article, but here are two of them. In writing, sometimes it is not possible to use a single method, but a combination of several methods. What method to use to start, we should consider from the overall idea of the article, from the needs of expressing the central idea, arrange the overall design throughout, and choose the most appropriate starting method.

The ending is the same as the beginning, and the ending of an article should also be skillful. The colorful ending can make readers understand the content of the article more deeply and thoroughly, and further understand the central idea of the article; The classic ending is amazing and unforgettable. The method of choosing the ending must be considered from the overall situation, so as to make the narrative events complete and clear, and make the structure of the article echo from beginning to end, so as to obtain a better expression center and achieve the purpose of writing. Here are some common ending methods. First, the question type. Before it rains, the author ends like this: Because I don't want the rain to wet my good memories again. It's enough to have a sad ending, too much. I will take an umbrella before it rains every time. This natural ending leaves readers with infinite room for thinking, which is memorable. Second, the citation type. "I love my teacher" ends like that old song: "How can I repay you? If you want the moon, I will give it, but I would rather give it from my heart, ah! I love my teacher. " This ending is ingenious. Third, the evaluation type. At the end of the article "Rhyme of the River", for example, it was written: This ordinary river also has its endless unique charm! It is it that breeds the splendid culture of the ancient city of Songjiang, and it is the charm of Songjiang! Such a sentence can also play the role of making the finishing point. Fourth, reflective. "Going to the bottom, climbing more" ends like this: Since that failure, I feel that my character is stronger than before. I understand that when a person walks into a trough, he should not be discouraged, but look up, climb hard and climb to the peak of victory. This passage is implicit and profound, which inspires people to bravely open up the road and sublimate the thoughts and feelings of the full text. Of course, the beginning and end of the article are the same, and the methods are flexible and diverse, and there is no fixed model. The methods provided above are for reference only, and should be used appropriately according to the needs of the content and the center when writing, and cannot be mechanically copied.

1) Excellent opening demonstration

1. Quote famous sayings

1. Ask what the world is like, and teach people to be committed to life and death. Yuan Haowen is really good at asking questions, and he is also good at asking questions. His question can be said to have been asked for ages. Over the years, how many people have lingered on this issue, and how many people have made the final answer in life after paying a huge price. But each family's words are as different as everyone's face.

Xi Shi said, "Love is a tool. ……”? (

② In a medieval church, a saint began his speech: "I became a saint because I saw through money, and what is mine belongs to everyone." Long years, a flick of your finger. In a cross-century prison, a thief began his monologue: "I became a thief because I saw through the money, and everyone's is mine." (Saint and Thief)

③ Rodin, an aesthetic master, once said, "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not the lack of beauty, but the lack of discovery." Today, inspired by this innovative scholar, I want to say: "The answer is universal. For our brains, it is not a lack of thinking, but a lack of perspective." Many times, we are all puzzled by the problem or wandering at the crossroads of multiple solutions. How to go has become a mystery in our hearts, and we are often indecisive. At this time, it is necessary to consider it from another angle, which will bring you more opportunities for success. (Spinning the Kaleidoscope)

2. Use the letter format skillfully

① Dear grandfather Confucius:

Hello! I am an ordinary descendant of yours. After thousands of years, I dare to write to disturb you, not only to pay my respects to you, but also to wait for your advice with a few difficult questions. ("A Letter to Confucius")

② Damn standard answer:

Seeing you, I was really filled with indignation. So, driven by the flames of anger, I wrote this letter to denounce you. The answer is colorful, but you have to wear the hat of "standard". You know, because of the word "standard", countless tragedies have happened. The following are your three major crimes: ("A Letter to the Standard Answer")

3. Borrowing Zhang Hui's novel style

① "It is said that the general trend of the world will be United for a long time, and it will be divided for a long time." At the beginning, the era when Wei, Shu, and Wu stood in the balance no longer existed. In river of no return, the waves wiped out the heroes of the past. And Adou, the former heir of Shu, has also become "happy and not thinking about Shu", and the world has become the world of Sima. ("Heroes of the Three Kingdoms Meeting")

② The Juyi Hall in Liangshanbo is now brightly lit and full of people. One hundred men and eight men are all gathered here, and everyone is quarrelling. What are they arguing about? It turns out that Liang Shanbo is going to select heroes who fight tigers recently. It's great to be awarded this honorary title, and whoever is awarded can sit in the second place in the water margin. That's why all the heroes gathered here and argued endlessly. (Who is the Hero Who Killed the Tiger)

4. Clever use of rhetoric

① "Bang!" With the sound of a hammer, Mr. question mark cleared his throat and said, "The seminar on time and space is now officially started. Today, our theme is' What is beauty'. Please let scholars from different times and countries speak actively." ("What is Beauty")

5. Clever use of fables

① The Yugong family has lived here for generations, and the two mountains at the entrance, the Wangwu and Taihang, have blocked the way. Life is sad! It seems to be isolated from the world here. What's new in the city has already become old news. This life really needs to be changed. The foolish old man thought to himself, I have to find a way to move the Taihang Mountain and the Wangwu Mountain. (The Story of the New Yugong and Zhizuo)

② Magpie posted a large advertisement: "To meet the needs of the times, our school will carry out all-round quality education, learning everything and teaching everything, ensuring your children to become omnipotent generalists and be invincible in the competition. Tuition, 3 yuan per semester; Training fee, 2 yuan; Sponsorship fee, 15, yuan. " ("All-round School")

6. Cleverly use the inscription that reveals the theme

① There is no stalwart of trees, but you can have the green of grass; There is no beauty of peony, but you can have the freedom of small wild chrysanthemum ... Life may not be brilliant, but it must be great!

Inscription

Butterfly was once a beautiful and dancing girl. Her long shawl hair and gentle and graceful dancing have brought her thunderous applause and countless flowers. She was praised by others as the future Duncan of China ... However, it's all over, and fate will put her in a wheelchair forever. Life is dim and silent, and the "white swan" becomes an ugly duckling that nobody cares about. How many times, she dreamed that she put on glass shoes and continued her pursuit, but when she woke up, she only heard the cold autumn wind. (starry night talk)

② If you lose money, you only lose a small part;

if you lose your health, you only lose a small part; ?

if you lose your honesty, you are almost broke.

Inscription

What is "honesty"? Being honest and trustworthy is also true. Looking at history, the word "honesty" has soaked many people's blood and tears. ("Who is praising the emperor's new clothes")

7. Using the form of solving problems skillfully

A friend once gave me such a question in an ingenious way:

Which of the following beautiful scenery do you like best?

a. A piece of pure white feather falls leisurely in the shining golden sunshine.

B. A petal falls red, swirling and floating in the quiet and deep pool water.

C. A meteor, in the dark blue sky, passed away in a flash.

D. A drop of crystal clear dew slipped quietly at the tip of the green grass.

after reading this question, I suddenly froze. The ever-changing nature, the rising and setting sun, and the ebb and flow of tides make people feel excited and carefree. ..... (Infinite Possibility, Infinite Beauty)

8. Clever use of celebrities for questions and answers

① Someone asked: What is happiness? The answer is colorful.

Nietzsche thinks: "He is the happiest person who can swallow centipedes, broken glass, meat worms and stones at the same time, but he is not disgusting."

The Stoic school thinks: "It is true happiness to have infinite wealth and power and be able to handle things calmly." (The answer is colorful)

2 Archimedes said, "Give me a fulcrum and I can pry the earth up!"

I said, "Give me a fulcrum, and I can support my soul!" ("Give the Soul a Fulcrum")

9. Cleverly use poetry to express poetry

① Turn over the poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties, and countless poems can be regarded as parting poems. Wang Bozhuang sings loudly: why should you linger at the fork of the road, children * * * touch the towel. Liu Yong is sad: where will you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan has a small wind and a waning moon. Jiang Yan, however, Qian Fan said it all in a nutshell: Those who are in ecstasy are just leaving. Some people beat their chests and feet: how can you be in a hurry when you whip! Today, there is Wang Guozhen's crooning: Life lasts for a hundred years, so how can you go and return it? No matter where the ear is, just pray like water, like a boat. Here comes Xi Murong's gentle warning: If parting can evoke the details of our negligence caused by getting together, is it really bad to leave? Such feelings are really beautiful. Chanting the feelings of different times and different lives will give you unexpected gains. (Vientiane Life Stick to Yourself)

② What is beauty? I know that beauty is the first light rising on the horizon. Beauty is a maple leaf hotter than fire in autumn, a red-crowned crane galloping on the beach at dusk, and a sika deer galloping on the prairie ... Baum Jiatong agreed with me and added: "Beauty is perceptual knowledge, and studying aesthetics is the science of studying perceptual knowledge." But Kant glared at me angrily and said, "One-sided, beauty is a purely subjective feeling of human beings and has nothing to do with things themselves." I advise you to take a look at my Judgment Criticism. " I studied his aesthetic works on emotion with an open mind and carefully. When I was complacent about my mystique, Hegel poured cold water on me: "No, beauty should be the externalization of human nature". Then, he talked proudly about his aesthetic theory. Just when my second monk was at a loss, Marx whispered beside me, "Don't listen to him. He has turned right and wrong upside down, so don't fall into the mud pit of idealism." Beauty should actually be the unity of human nature and free form. " What is beauty? I decided to leave Europe and go to the ancient country of oriental civilization to find a beautiful answer. (What is Beauty?)

③ When the vast sky is dyed with a dark background and the boundless sky is covered with stars at the beginning of the new moon, I can't help but feel full of thoughts. I ask the moon in the sky from a distance: What is loneliness? Once upon a time, there was Li Bai's "till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon, to bring me my shadow and make us three". Perhaps, loneliness is the feeling that the moon is bright in the sky, the wind is like water, and when all is silent, we are inseparable! Once upon a time, Li Houzhu felt that "the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks the clear autumn". Perhaps, loneliness is the deep palace courtyard, and the country is worried about its family and people. Once upon a time, Chen Ziang lamented "where, before me, are the ages that have gone?, and where, behind me, are the coming generations?, I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, and I am all alone and my tears fall down". Perhaps, loneliness is an empty state of mind in which the grass remains the same, the horizon remains the same, and things have changed! So, I asked the moon, and Chang 'e of Guanghan Palace told me that loneliness is the "blue sky and clear night heart" of "the shadow of mica screen candle is deep, and the long river gradually falls to dawn stars". What is loneliness? I can't answer that. (Lonely Rhyme)

④ What is it that comes quietly and leaves no trace, but arouses all colors to dance and fly?

what is it, leaving no trace and coming quietly, which can leave you to sing through the season?

what is it, that came quietly and left quietly, leaving golden yellow in the harvest season?

what is it, quietly leaving and gently coming, spinning a white dream for the silent earth?

The philosopher smiled at the blue sky: "It's time."

Children clap their hands with kites: "It's the wind."

The tramp said, "Nothing, just a dream." (Happiness with Answers)

1. Borrow medical records to write well

① Patient's name: Wu Liangxin

Identity: Businessman

Clinical impression: lack of integrity syndrome (late stage)

Medical history: 2 years ago, I was short of weight for the first time to harm customers and contracted this disease. This disease is accompanied by Wu conscience's abduction and speculation, and the means are getting better and better, and the disease is getting worse. This patient was diagnosed by Chengxin Hospital three years ago. Wu Conscience refused the prescription of our hospital and fled the ward to do business abroad. After investigation, this person's honesty and credit index has dropped to zero, and his social threat is +1. (Medical Records of Wu Conscience)

② Name: Zhang Damao

Gender: Male

Age: 18

Medical history: schizophrenia

Cases: numerous

1. 8 years old, in kindergarten. The teacher asked to draw pictures, drawing his parents. Zhang Damao drew a wolf with green eyes, a gentle sika deer and a white rabbit crying on the ground. The teacher gave a zero.

doctor's diagnosis: the teacher judged it well, and heavy hair painted a story in the forest, which was beside the point. (Diagnostic Book)

11. Clever use of lecture notes

Lecture time: September 15, 2?

purpose of the lecture: to study and discuss "being honest" with the second-grade students in primary school as a model, and to educate children to be honest with the content of "Honest Children".

lecture contents: ... (lecture notes)

12. Skillful use of product instructions

① Product: pure natural oral liquid of honesty

Indications: insufficient secretion of "credit", lack of honesty, and "lying".