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Wang Anshi's Way Wang Anshi is the promoter of reform, and it is Wang Anshi's lifelong ambition to reform and strengthen the country. His way is political reform.
1, Wang Anshi proposed reform? Three no? , that is? Life is not enough to fear, ancestors are not enough to learn, and people are not enough to say. . In this mind that Mr. Liang Qichao regards as the first person in history, as long as Qiang Bing can be enriched, there is no need to be afraid of all the obstacles ahead, whether it is the method of ancestors or the crowd.
2、? Three no? It was Wang Anshi who told Song Shenzong that his aim was to increase Song Shenzong's determination to reform. ? Three no? After it was put forward, Wang Anshi also handed it over to Song Shenzong as "something that has not happened in a hundred years", which is the urgent task of political reform. And reinterpret the three classics, by right? The book of saints? Re-interpret and make people accept the reform.
3. In court, Wang Anshi and? Taiwan remonstrance? Officials reached a cooperative relationship, and those who did not support political reform turned into enemies of Wang Anshi. Suppressing conservatives and promoting radicals, Wang Anshi is forming a team of political reform:
Fan Zhensan, a bachelor of Hanlin, said that when he was young, he took up his post and became an official. HuiQing bereavement, an Shi, Ceng Bu, as HuiQing.
Wang Anshi attacked all those who attacked the political reform, regardless of friendship. Because both Lv Huiqing and Ceng Bu supported political reform, Wang Anshi trusted them and entrusted them with an important task.
After a series of preparatory work, Wang Anshi persuaded the monarch, created public opinion, suppressed the enemy and promoted his cronies. Wang Anshi began to reform. In order to enrich Qiang Bing, Wang Anshi changed the status quo of the country from the following aspects:
Rich countries are the core of political reform: many policies of Wang Anshi's political reform are centered around rich countries. Whether it is the young crops law or the conscription law, there is a word in many new laws. Money? . After all, in the Song Dynasty, there was a phenomenon that people could not make ends meet from the Taizong period. If we don't find a way to make money, let alone rich countries, even the high salaries of ministers may not be affordable.
(2) Qiang Bing's search for the old land: The foreign war in Song Dynasty was disgraceful, and the sixteen states occupied by Qidan could not be captured, and Xixia often harassed the border. Although Xixia became a nominal younger brother after the Li Qing peace talks, in fact, people didn't listen to the Song Dynasty at all and seized many territories of the Song Dynasty. If the soldiers are not strong, then the Song Dynasty can only continue to be eaten by people. Therefore, Wang Anshi put forward a series of methods to strengthen the army, such as Garbo method and general art of war.
(3) The new dynasty should have a new atmosphere: the phenomenon of redundancy in the Song Dynasty was very serious, and this dynasty paid enough attention to intellectuals. The degree of heredity. As long as the official position reaches a certain level, there will be places at home where you can get employment without scientific research. Moreover, the talent base of the reform is weak, and Wang Anshi does not have a strong enough team to reform with him. Therefore, Wang Anshi's change of the imperial examination system is meritocratic, and he wants to change the status quo of the imperial court.
Sima guang's road to wang anshi's political reform. As a former friend, he became a stumbling block to Wang Anshi's political reform.
1, Sima Guang did not blindly deny the reform, but he also defended Wang Anshi in his early days. But just after Wang Anshi introduced the young crops law, Sima Guang stood firmly on the opposite side of Wang Anshi. He doesn't support the new law of profiting from business. In his view, this practice affected the majesty of the court, and he despised the pursuit of profits by businessmen.
With this denial, he began to completely deny that he did not support anything about political reform. Even Song Shenzong personally discussed with him, hoping that he could help Wang Anshi implement the new law, but he refused.
3. The rise of the reformists made Sima Guang have no place in the imperial court. However, with the death of Song Shenzong, the political reform lost its biggest supporter, and Sima Guang returned to the court. After that, he not only overthrew all the new laws, but also kicked all the reformers out of the court. More ruthless and unique than what Wang Anshi did before:
My father took the initiative to occupy the people and filed a lawsuit against him. This is the opening of the system. Take two sins, you will know Cai Zhou, and then learn from Chen, and decide two states.
Zhang Dun, one of the leaders of the political reform, was demoted again and again, and so were others.
The relationship between Wang Anshi and Sima Guang has changed. Wang Anshi and Sima Guang used to be friends who appreciated each other, but later they gradually became political enemies. What have they experienced during this period?
1. In the early days, Wang Anshi and Sima Guang shared the same interests and both had the passion to serve the country. They are friends who talk about everything: An Shi and Guang Suhou.
After some ups and downs, both of them are in high positions. With the status, it is natural to launch their own political views. Wang Anshi began to carry out political reform. At the beginning of the political reform, Sima Guang tried to stop Wang Anshi and wrote to Wang three times to dissuade him. Wang Anshi also wrote back to Sima Guang. At this point, two people will have bad blood:
Just helping friends to complain about kindness, and repeatedly persuading them, An Shi is not happy.
3. After Wang Anshi introduced the Young Crop Law, Sima Guang directly stood on the opposite side of Wang Anshi. The political contradiction between the two people is open.
Because of political views, these two people are on opposite sides. However, political struggle is life-and-death In order to carry out the political reform, Wang Anshi attacked Sima Guang and other conservatives. After Sima Guang was suppressed by Wang Anshi, he concentrated on writing books and never asked about politics. It was not until Zongshen's death that Sima Guang re-entered the political arena. Since then, Sima Guang has been obsessed with overthrowing the new law and suppressing radicals until his death.
Why did the original girlfriends become? Enemy? Politics is amazing. It can turn brothers against each other and kill each other. It is more normal for that friend to stand on the opposite side for politics.
1. The reason why Wang Anshi and Sima Guang became friends is based on mutual appreciation of literary talent and mutual respect for conduct. In other words, before Wang Anshi's political reform, the two did not involve the collision of political ideas. Therefore, we can keep good friendship.
2. After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang wrote three letters with great enthusiasm to give advice to Wang Anshi who was interested in political reform. But Wang Anshi only gave Sima Guang an answer. This seemingly simple thing, in Sima Guang's view, may be Wang Anshi's humiliation to him. Scholars have a good face, but Wang Anshi is just a person who doesn't want to give others face. Wang Anshi, who was busy reforming a powerful country, had no time to take into account Sima Guang's enthusiasm. Sometimes I wonder whether Sima Guang's thoughts will change if Wang Anshi can have a good talk with him.
Although the ultimate path of two people is the same, no matter who they are, they all want the country to be rich and strong. However, Wang Anshi took a different path. Wang Anshi wanted to enrich Qiang Bing through reform, while Sima Guang was a traditional scholar's idea, hoping to pass virtue education. Although there are problems with Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang's idea is simply unrealistic.
4. Two people have diametrically opposite personalities. Sima Guang's character is conservative. From a series of his viewpoints, he insisted on the immutability of his ancestors' laws. Don't say don't change the law? Now, with Sima Guang's personality and philosophy, even more than 10 thousand yuan, it is difficult for him to accept the reform in his heart. Unlike Wang Anshi, this person has always been radical. When he was in Renzong, he wrote a letter to persuade Renzong to reform. It is conceivable that reform is a lifelong pursuit in Wang Anshi's mind.
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Finally, Wang Anshi's political reform ended in failure. The friendship between Wang Anshi and Sima Guang also broke down. Although they all hoped that the Song Dynasty would be strong, the differences in personality and political ideas made them choose different paths and stand on opposite sides of each other. I don't know if two people who are enemies miss the time when they talked about state affairs without saying a word.