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[I]I. [childlike (zhì)] young. Childish, childish. [Qiuhao] The slender new feathers of birds in autumn. A metaphor for the smallest things. Millimeter, fine hair. [Therefore] So. [Object outside] beyond the thing itself. [Private] Secretly, secretly. [to be compared to]. To compare, to compare, to compare. [to] approach. [Look up] Look up. Lift up. [item] neck, neck. [Plain tent] An undyed tent. [Xu] Slowly. [View] Look, watch. [Guo] Sure enough. [唳(lì)] Birdsong. [ Yi (yí)ran] Looks comfortable and happy. [Dingshen] makes the spirit stable. [take...as...] Treat...as.... [Gravel (lì)] gravel, broken tiles. [呑(hè)] pit valley, deep ditch. [Wandering in the mind] Traveling in an imaginary realm, happy and satisfied. [Xing] Interest. [Gai] means "original". [for (wèi)] to be. [Fang] Upright. [Whip] Beat with a whip. [tens] dozens. [Drive] drive away, expel.
(2) Tongqiazi
[Qiang] Tong "zhuang", meaning stiff.
(3) Idioms
[Clearly aware of everything] Ming, eyesight. Check, see clearly. Originally described as having sharp eyesight and being able to see even the smallest things clearly. Later, it is used to describe people who have insight into things.
[Comfortable] describes a feeling of being comfortable, happy and satisfied. [pleasantly and joyfully] describes feeling very happy inside.
[Big thing] Something that looks huge. [Summer mosquitoes become thunder] The sound of mosquitoes in summer is like thunder, which describes that there are many mosquitoes.
2. Literary common sense
This article is selected from "Six Notes of a Floating Life? Notes on Leisure and Interest". The author Shen Fu was a writer in the Qing Dynasty.
3. Overall understanding
This article describes several interesting things in childhood around the "interests outside things": First, the mosquitoes turned into thunder as "a group of cranes dancing in the sky" , "cranes in the clouds"; the second is to regard the grass, insects, ants, and gravel as woods, wild beasts, and hills and valleys respectively, and wander among them; the third is to drive away toads when observing insects. The first paragraph first points out the main theme of "interests outside things", and the second, third and fourth paragraphs describe the events separately. The author uses "interest outside things" to combine several things, intending to show that he already had spontaneous aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic taste when he was young.
4. Reading Exploration
1. Judging from the first paragraph, what abilities, habits and gains did I have as a child?
Skills: Open your eyes to the sun and see everything clearly. Habit: When you see something small, you must carefully examine its texture. Harvest: Sometimes there is something interesting outside of things.
2. What are the words that reflect the center of the text?
The interest outside things.
3. What things have been written about the "interest outside things"?
1. Represent mosquitoes as white cranes.
2. The sense of wandering in the fantasy world composed of grass, gravel, insects and ants.
3. The fun of watching insects fighting and driving away shrimps and toads.
4. What are the words that express the author’s mood? What effect does it have?
Words: "happy and happy", "happy and contented", "wandering in the mind", "yahran", etc.
Function: The image truly reflects children's psychology when observing objects, expresses the "interest outside the object", and makes readers feel as if they are actually there.
5. Speculate the author’s purpose of “driving away the toads from other courtyards”.
The main reason for the possible revenge for "Two Insects" is that it destroyed one's own aesthetic taste.
6. What is the sentence in the fourth paragraph that expresses the author's "childishness"?
He was calm, caught the shrimps and toads, whipped them dozens of times, and drove them away from other courtyards.
7. What is the basis and key for the author to obtain "interest outside things"?
Basics: careful observation. The key: rich imagination.
8. From the text, can you tell how the "interest outside things" is obtained?
① Have strong curiosity. ②Have meticulous observation skills. ③Have rich imagination.
5. Migration and Application
1. What inspirations did you get from reading this article?
① Love animals and nature, and live in harmony with life in nature.
② To obtain a wonderful experience, you must have strong curiosity, keen observation, and rich imagination.
③ Be good at discovering beauty in ordinary life, have a childlike innocence, and be an interesting person.
2. You must have had a wonderful experience of "interest outside things" in your childhood. Write it down and share it with everyone.
(For example: observe the ants moving and imagine them as the "big army" supporting the front line; see the snowflakes flying in the sky and regard them as the goddess scattering flowers; build a small pond and dam to block the water source, and then open it Think of it as the Yellow River bursting its banks; when you "play house", use pine needles as leeks, handkerchiefs as bedding, dolls as children, small boxes as houses, move your hands, talk, and be intoxicated. The joy is endless.
……)
3. How can you be an interesting person in life?
Be open-minded and not be burdened by life; think openly when things happen, use your imagination to treat difficulties and setbacks as friendly jokes from friends; regard the good and bad things you encounter as gifts from life; one thing "Ah Q Spirit" and so on.
4. Read the following ancient poems and talk about the interest contained in this poem.
Gu Lang Yue Xing
Li Bai
When I was young, I didn’t know the moon, so I called it a white jade plate.
I also suspected that the Yao Tai Mirror was flying in the blue clouds.
Children are good at observation, have strong curiosity about things, and have rich imagination. They get psychological satisfaction and aesthetic taste from the wonderful experience of playing and imagining.
&"The Analects of Confucius"
1. Word accumulation
(1) Conventional words
Mr. [Zi], Refers to Confucius. [Shixi] Review frequently. Sometimes, often (also: according to a certain time). Study, review, review, practice. [Friend] Fellow disciple, here refers to people who share the same goals. [also] also. [since. [(Don’t) know] (Don’t) understand. [愠(yùn)] Angry, angry. [Junzi] refers to a noble person. [I]I. [Day] Every day. [三级(xǐng)] Conduct self-examination and introspection many times. Three refers to multiple times. Province, reflection. [为(wèi)] replace, give. [Plan] To plan, to do things. [loyalty] do your best. [Miao] Make friends, communicate. [Letter] Sincerity, honesty. [Pass] the knowledge imparted by the teacher. [So] refers to the knowledge learned. [甔(wǎng)] confused. It means to feel confused and at a loss. [Nearly (dài)] Harmful. [沲(huì)] teach, teach. [Know (it)] Know (it). [It is] this, this. [Xian] A wise man, a talented and virtuous person. [Qi] Seek the same, together. [Inside] refers to the heart. [Good person] refers to strengths. Good, good. [Follow] Follow, here refers to learning. [Scholar] A scholar was called a scholar in the feudal era. This refers to people who are ambitious or have a special status. [Hong (hóng) Yi] strong, courageous. [Ren] Burden, burden. Extended to responsibility and responsibility. [heavy] significant. [has] stopped. [Suihan] Cold winter. Years refer to time. [Wither (diāo)] Wither. [line] pursue. [It's] probably. [Shù] refers to the Confucian philosophy of treating others with respect and kindness. [Desire] Want, hope. [不(wù)] Don’t. [Shi] add.
(2) Tongjiazi, ancient and modern characters
1. Tongjiazi: [female] is the same as "ru", you. [(Yes) Zhi (Ye)] Tong "Zhi", smart and wise.
2. Ancient and modern words: [say] the ancient word for "joy" means happiness.
(3) Idiom
[不了happy] The original meaning is "Isn't it also very happy?" Now it is used to mean reaching the extreme.
[Review the past and learn the new] Reviewing old knowledge can gain new understanding and experience. It also refers to recalling the past and understanding the present.
[Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you] Don’t do to others what you don’t want to do to yourself.
[The road ahead is long and heavy] The burden is heavy and the journey is long. It is a metaphor for the great responsibility and long-term struggle.
[Seeing the wise and thinking of others] When I see a person with both ability and political integrity, I want to learn from him and be like him.
[Choose what is good and follow it] Choose what is good to learn and do what is good.
[When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher] If several people are walking together, there must be my teacher among them. Describes humility and studiousness.
2. Literary common sense
1. "The Analects": a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, with 20 chapters. It is one of the Confucian classics.
2. Confucius: Named Qiu, styled Zhongni, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. A great thinker and educator in ancient my country, and the founder of Confucianism.
3. Reading and Research
1. First: From the perspective of Zengzi’s “Three Provinces”, what did ancient scholars attach great importance to? What do you think of this approach?
Pay attention to moral cultivation. Virtue is the foundation of human beings and the foundation of scholarship. A person should first be virtuous. If he is talented but not virtuous, he will be despised by others, and his talent will not play a positive role, but will cause negative effects.
2. The third article:
(1) Confucius taught Zhong Yuan (Zi Lu) that "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing", summarizing Confucius' views in modern Chinese.
Have a humble attitude towards learning.
(2) Why is humility a kind of wisdom?
First of all, humility is a virtue. Secondly, only by being humble can we win the trust and respect of others and create good conditions for seeking knowledge and communication.
3. The third article:
(1) What kind of learning attitude do these two articles talk about?
Be good at learning from everyone. It is necessary to learn both the strengths and weaknesses to reflect on oneself.
(2) Use an idiom to summarize the main meaning of the seventh sentence. Learn from each other's strengths and offset weaknesses.
(3) Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, has a famous saying: "You can learn from others by looking at others.
"Which sentence of Confucius can you think of?
Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.
4. The fourth rule:
(1) What is the purpose of Confucius's words?
To encourage his disciples to strive for the ideal of "benevolence" throughout their lives ("benevolence" is the core of Confucius' thought.)
(2) Why did Zeng Zi emphasize "Hongyi"?
"Hongyi" means strong and courageous. Only strong and courageous people can accept important tasks and strive for them.
5. The fifth article: How to understand the profound meaning of the sentence "When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither"
Confucius used "pines and cypresses to wither" as a metaphor for social phenomena, and used "pines and cypresses" as a metaphor? A gentleman. Only in dangerous circumstances can a gentleman show his integrity.
9. Rule 10: (1) "Forgiveness" and "Do not do to others what you do not want others to do." What is the relationship between "to others"?
"Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is the interpretation of "forgiveness".
(2) What do you think of "do to others what you don't want others to do to you" "Don't do it to others if you want"?
Now it seems that this sentence has its practical significance. It contains the meaning of mutual understanding. If you think from other people's perspective, treat yourself with kindness and treat others with kindness, you can You may come to different conclusions and change existing incorrect practices, so that you will be more understanding, less confrontational, and avoid causing harm to others (we can also talk about its negative components, omitted.)
< p>4. Summary and transfer1. Please classify the six quotations according to learning methods, learning attitude, and moral cultivation.
①Learning attitude: Friends come from far away to know something. , I don’t know because I don’t know how to see the virtuous and think about it, choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones ② Moral cultivation: If people don’t know, they will not be embarrassed. I will examine my body three times every day. I must not be unyielding and do not do to others what I do not want others to do. When people are cold, they will know that the pines and cypresses will wither afterward
2. The new semester has begun again, and our school will welcome a group of new students. Please choose a sentence from this article to make a welcome banner for the school.
Wouldn’t it be great to have friends from far away?
3. The Analects of Confucius contains a large number of idioms. Please select a few idioms from the Analects that are not included in this article. .
Don’t be ashamed to learn from others and never tire of teaching.
4. What lessons have you learned from reading this article?
As a student, you should not learn from books, but you should master appropriate knowledge. Study methods and improve learning efficiency; we should also strengthen ideological and moral cultivation to develop all aspects of ourselves, improve our overall quality, and adapt to the needs of society
&15 "Five Ancient Poems"
& "A Guest in the Mountains" by Zhang Xu
1. Literary knowledge
①Source: Selected from "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty"
②Author: Zhang Xu, courtesy name Bogao, was a calligrapher and poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was a native of Wuxian County, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). Zhang Xu is not only a poet who is good at Qijue, but also a famous calligrapher. He is proficient in regular script and is most famous for cursive script. His cursive script has a strange and dangerous style, continuous and winding, and has a new style of wild and cheerful. Huaisu inherited and developed his grass method. Zhang Xu's book, Li Bai's poetry at that time, and Pei Min's sword dance were known as the "Three Wonders". He often wrote books after being drunk, and people at that time called him "Zhang Dian".
③Question solution: The word “stay” means to leave guests in the spring-filled mountains.
④This is a seven-character quatrain
2. Poetry Appreciation
①Read the whole poem
②The first sentence of the poem impresses the guests with the beautiful scenery in the mountains. The poet does not focus on the specific scenery in the mountains, but uses the overall mountain scenery to show the beauty of spring to impress the guests. The word "Nong" turns the passive appreciation of the scenery into the subject of active creation, turning the mountains into full view. The vitality and spring scenery are perfectly reflected, while also leaving space for the guests' imagination: the blooming mountain flowers, the singing streams, the thousands of chirping birds, the drifting clouds and mist? Everything is possible. The imaginary mountain scenery makes people attached to the vibrant spring light.
③The second sentence "Don't plan to return just because of the clouds" denies the guest's idea. The poet kindly advises the guests not to plan to return just because a cloud accidentally floats in the mountains.
④ It is not enough to persuade the guests to "don't plan to return just for the sake of lightness". It is also necessary to make the guests truly feel at ease and become more interested in traveling. The poet also has to tell the guests some more subtle truths, so the last two sentences push the meaning of the poem to a deeper level: Guest, you are only worried that the weather will be cloudy and the rain will wet your clothes, but the weather will be clear What will happen with time? Since you want to visit the mountains and enjoy the scenery, you have to climb mountains, visit valleys, and explore secluded places. If you want to gain real harvest and aesthetic enjoyment, you also have to go into the depths of the clouds, where the endlessly beautiful clouds and mists are endless. Will it also make your clothes get wet?
3． Expand the artistic conception of the poem: From "Zhanyi" we think of Tao Qian. After he made the wish to return to the farmland, he set out to do it and was happy to do it. Going out early and coming back late, bathing in the wind and shower gel, the clothes may have been wet dozens of times, but the ambition has not changed because of this, so he said in the poem: "It is not a pity to stain the clothes, but the wish is true." Many of our I am afraid that what people lack is this kind of ambition.
In fact, the most important thing is to have high aspirations when doing things. On the road of life, the scenery "deep in the clouds" will also make people yearn for it and arouse people's desire to make progress. Lu You, a man from the Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem about what he saw when he traveled to the mountains: "There are mountains and rivers, no doubt, no way, and there is a village with dark willows and flowers." But as long as we are not afraid of "stained clothes" and do not give up easily, we will move forward bravely until "the depths of the clouds." The ancients said, "Follow the depths of spring and gather hundreds of flowers." It means every effort is rewarded, and if you try too little, you will achieve nothing. (Here you can guide students to do some discussions based on their own understanding)
4. Writing skills: Scenery, emotion, and reason are integrated into one another. The mixture of false and true, ups and downs, euphemistic and implicit, shows the artistic charm of quatrains with profound meaning, close and affectionate words, and thought-provoking artistic charm.
& "March for Nine Days and Think of Chang'an Hometown" Cen Shen
1. Literary knowledge
① Source: Selected from "Cen Can's Annotations"
② Author: Cen Can (715-770), a native of Jiangling, Jingzhou (now part of Hubei), a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty . He once served as the governor of Jiazhou (now Leshan, Sichuan), known as "Cen Jiazhou" in the world.
③Problem solution: This is a poem with five unique features. The writer missed his homeland during the Double Ninth Festival during the march.
2. Poetry Appreciation
①When reading poems, pay attention to the pronunciation of "qiang" in "qiǎng"
②The ancients had the custom of climbing high to drink chrysanthemum wine during the Double Ninth Festival on September 9th. The first sentence "climb high" "The two words are closely related to the "Nine Days" in the title. The word "strong" expresses the poet's desolate situation during the war.
③The second sentence uses an allusion from Tao Yuanming. According to the "Hermitage of Southern History" records: Tao Yuanming once celebrated the Double Ninth Festival and had no wine to drink, so he sat alone in the chrysanthemum bushes beside his house for a long time. Later, Wang Hong happened to bring wine, so he returned drunk. The opposite meaning here is to say that although I reluctantly wanted to go up to the heights to drink according to the custom, but during the war, there was no one like Wang Hong to bring wine to cheer up. This sentence follows the previous sentence, the connection is natural, and it is written clearly as words.
④The word "yao" at the beginning of the third sentence exaggerates the distance between myself and my hometown, Chang'an, and makes me feel homesick. When the author writes about homesickness, he does not write in general terms, but particularly emphasizes missing and pity for the chrysanthemums in his hometown in Chang'an. Written in this way, not only individual representatives are used to represent the general, but the "Hometown Chrysanthemum" is used to represent the entire hometown of Chang'an, which is vivid and concrete. Moreover, it is a natural development from the description of climbing up and drinking. It can be said that it is timely and relevant. Stick to the title of the poem.
⑤The last sentence "Should be marching near the battlefield" captures the word "march" in the title of the poem, and combines the characteristics of the Anshi Rebellion and the fall of Chang'an. It is written in a new and natural way with a true image, making us feel like I saw a vivid picture of the war: the city of Chang'an was raging with war, the streets were stained with blood, and among the broken walls, clusters of chrysanthemums were still blooming lonely. The imaginative words here have obviously gone beyond the simple cherishment of flowers and homesickness, and instead express the poet's sympathy for the war-torn people and his desire to put an end to the Anshi Rebellion as soon as possible.
3． Summary: This poem by Cen Shen does not express ordinary holiday homesickness, but concerns about state affairs and concern for the suffering of the people during the war. On the surface, it appears to be plain and simple in writing, but in fact it is exquisitely conceived and has infinite charm. It is a simple, profound and thought-provoking lyrical masterpiece.
& "View of the Han River" Wang Wei
1. Literary knowledge
①Source: Selected from "Collected Notes of Wang Youcheng"
②Author: Wang Wei (701-761), from Mojie, Puzhou (now Yongji, Shanxi) , poet and painter of the Tang Dynasty, famous for writing pastoral poems.
③Solution: This is a five-character poem. Rhythm poetry consists of eight lines in four lines, with the middle two lines being couplets. Looking at the Han River, that is, coming to the Han River to look at it
2. Poetry Appreciation
①The first and second sentences at the beginning describe the situation of the Han River. The Han River is located in the territory of the ancient Chu State. It not only merges with the water of Sanxiang, but also connects with many rivers from Jingmen, so the water is vast.
②The middle two couplets describe what you see when you look out. The third and fourth sentences describe the turbulent water flow of the Han River, which seems to be rushing away from the sky and the earth. The distant mountains are shrouded in the steaming water vapor from the river, so they appear and disappear. Five or six sentences describe the city walls and pavilions in Xiangyang. From a distance, they seem to be floating on the river in front, and the rolling waves seem to be shaking the sky in the distance. These two couplets prominently depict the majesty of the Han River water potential. The poet tightly clings to what he sees, that is, he is always writing about his own visual experience. He used imagination and exaggeration, and used human illusion to describe the power and speed of water. From the river to the mountains, from the counties to the sky, the vision is extremely broad and the realm is extremely far-reaching. Wang Wei is not only a poet, but also a painter. Su Shi once commented that his poems and paintings are "poems within paintings, and paintings within poems". (The ancients said that "poems are invisible paintings, and paintings are tangible poems." Here, students can be guided to imagine and describe the dynamic pictures shown in the poems based on the poems.)
③The last two sentences "Xiangyang On a good windy day, I stay drunk with Shan Weng. The Shan Weng originally refers to the mountain slips of the Jin Dynasty. Shan Jian is the son of Shan Tao, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". He once served as the general who conquered the south and guarded Xiangyang. There are two ways to say who the mountain old man in this poem refers to: one refers to the local governor of Xiangyang.
Wang Wei said: The scenery in Xiangyang is so beautiful that he is willing to stay and drink with the local officials; first, the poet refers to himself. It means that the beautiful scenery in Xiangyang is just for yourself to drink and enjoy the scenery. The interpretation of the poet's self-explanation can more appropriately express the poet's praise of the scenery of the Han River. (Students can be allowed to experience the two explanations themselves and put forward their own opinions.)
3. Summary: As a rhythmic poem, "View of the Hanjiang River" not only has neat counterpoints in each couplet, but the poet also attaches great importance to word refinement, such as "connection" and "tong", "outside" and "inside", "floating" and "floating" "Motion" all play an important role in describing the dynamics of natural scenery.
& "Spring Day" Wangzao
1. Literary knowledge
①Source: Selected from "Selected Notes on Song Poems"
②Author: Wang Zao (1079-1154), named Yanzhang, was born in Dexing, a litterateur in the late Northern Song Dynasty and early Southern Song Dynasty. There is "Fuxi Collection".
③Solution: This is a seven-character rhyme poem
2. Explanation of words
①The first couplet describes the local spring situation. There is a lot of rain, and dark clouds carrying rain can be seen everywhere, highlighting the characteristics of spring.
②The second couplet describes the mountains and fields. The spring water is clearer than a mirror, and the water birds are playing without being frightened when they see people coming. The leisurely natural scenery makes people linger.
③The author of the third couplet uses personification to describe the splendor of the peach blossoms in spring. It also expresses the author's love for the beautiful scenery of spring.
④ In the last couplet, the author writes that the mist surrounding the hut wetted the guests' clothes, and a cockcrow woke up the owner who was taking a nap.
3． Summary: The whole poem uses description, argumentative expressions and the technique of expressing desire before suppressing it. The poetry is fresh and natural, expressing the author's love and praise for spring and his yearning for a natural and leisurely life.
& "The Pure Sky and the Thoughts of Autumn in the Sand" by Ma Zhiyuan
1. Literary knowledge
①Source: Selected from "Quan Yuan Sanqu"
②Author: Ma Zhiyuan, whose date of birth and death is unknown, was born in Dadu (now Beijing) of the Yuan Dynasty and is a famous opera writer.
③Tianjingsha, Qupai name
2. Appreciation of Yuan Opera
① In the first three sentences, the author used the superposition of nine kinds of scenery to create a special and typical atmosphere: desolation, desolation, and loneliness. A wandering wanderer, leading a thin horse at dusk, came to the desolate ancient road swept by the west wind. What he saw were withered vines, old trees, and crows at dusk. Unknowingly, we arrived at the place where the small bridge flows over the water. There are several families here, and the smoke is curling up from their kitchens. How can we not be filled with nostalgia? Another year is approaching, when is the return date?
②The last two lines, "The sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world" indicate the time and also indicate the theme: this is a song about homesickness for a wanderer.
3． Writing techniques: ① Overlaying images to exaggerate the atmosphere ② Integrating emotions into scenes and blending scenes
& Two pieces of "Shishuoxinyu"
& "Yongsue"
< p>1. Word accumulation[Inner Episode] Family gathering. Within, refers to family. Set, gather. [Children] refers to the generation of children and nephews, here refers to the younger generation of the family. [Lecture meaning] Explain poetry. Righteousness, truth, significance, article expression. [Ruer] Soon, for a while. [Xinran] Looking happy. [similar] similar, like. [bad (chà)] roughly, almost. [Approximately] compared. [Wei Ruo] Not as good as, not as good as. [Because] Because of.
2. Literary common sense
1. "Shishuoxinyu": a representative work of novels written by chroniclers of the Six Dynasties. The book consists of 8 volumes, divided into 36 categories such as virtue, speech, integrity, political affairs, literature, and magnanimity. It was compiled by a group of literati organized by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Song Dynasty.
2. This article is selected from the "Speech" section in "Shishuo Xinyu Jian (jiān) Shu".
3. Click for content
"Song of Snow" tells the story of the Xie family, a literary family of the Jin Dynasty. At a family gathering, the young girl Xie Daoyun showed her ability to sing the snow with catkins.
4. Reading exploration
1. What kind of family atmosphere are created by words such as "Hanxue", "Neiji", "Xinran" and "Laughing" in the article?
Relaxed, warm family atmosphere.
2. From the context, how does the meaning of “children” differ from today’s?
The "sons and daughters" in the article refer to the younger generation of the family. “Children” today refers specifically to children.
3. What is the purpose of explaining the identity of Xie Daoyun at the end of the article?
It implies that the author appreciates her talent.
4. Comparing the words "salt in the air" and "catkins blown by the wind" to "heavy snow", which one do you think is better? Why?
The first opinion: "Sprinkle salt in the air" is good. It pays attention to the shape, and the color and falling state of snow are closer to that of salt; while catkins are gray-white and tend to rise in the wind, and even fly very high and far, which is different from the way snow dances. When writing something, one must first achieve physical resemblance, and then achieve spiritual resemblance.
The second opinion: "The catkins blow up due to the wind" is a good sentence. A good poem should have profound meaning. The sentence "catkins" unifies the image and the meaning, forming the image of the poem, giving people the feeling that spring is coming; while "spreading salt in the air" only has the image but no meaning.
5. Migration and Expansion
What other ancient poems do you know that use metaphors to describe flying snow?
Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloomed. ——Cen Shen's "Bai Xue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital"
Bai Xue disliked the late spring scenery, so she walked through the trees in the courtyard to make flying flowers. ——Han Yu's "Spring Snow"
& "Chen Taiqiu and Youqi"
1. Word accumulation
(1) Conventional words
< p>[Period trip] Make an appointment to go together. Period, agreement. [During the due date] The agreed time is noon. period, the agreed time. Midday, noon. [she(shě) go] left without waiting any longer. Give up, give up. Go and leave. [It is] talent. [year] The age at that time. [play] play, play. [客] Guest refers to a friend. [Zunjun] A respectful title for someone else's father. [Committee] drop, abandon. [Jun] Address each other politely. [Jiajun] is modest in his words and calls his father to others. [无信] Not trustworthy. [citation] Pull. [Gu] Looking back.(2) Tongjiazi
[Not] the same as "no".
2. Literary common sense
From the "Fangzheng" section in "Shishuo Xinyu Jianshu".
3. Click for content
"Chen Taiqiu and Friends" tells the story of Chen Ji, a famous scholar in the late Han Dynasty, when he was seven years old. Faced with the unfaithfulness and rudeness of his father's friends, he A story that is righteously refuted. It not only shows his intelligence, but also describes his understanding of how to be a human being.
4. Reading and Research
1. Chen Taiqiu "was on his due date, but he never arrived". Chen Taiqiu's friends responded angrily and scolded Chen Taiqiu, explaining what kind of friends he is. people?
Untrustworthy, rude and rude.
2. Yuan Fang pointed out his "untrustworthiness" and "rudeness" tit for tat against his father's friend's rude language. What kind of person does this say about Yuan Fang?
Smart, witty, eloquent, and knows how to maintain the dignity of his family and how to behave as a human being.
3. Some people think that since the guest has admitted his mistake, Yuan Fang should forgive him, but he actually "ignored" the guest, making the guest extremely embarrassed and ashamed. This is indeed rude. Do you agree with this view?
[First opinion] Disagree. Yuan Fang was only seven years old at the time. It was not easy for him to use his intelligence and wisdom to calmly refute an adult, make the other person understand, win the other person's admiration, and safeguard his father's reputation. We cannot blame a seven-year-old for perfection.
[Second opinion] Agree. The father's friend has expressed his apology and should give people a chance to correct their mistakes. No one can make mistakes all his life. As long as he corrects them, he is good. You cannot always hold on to people's "little pigtails".
4. Some people think that Chen Taiqiu’s friends also have merits. Do you agree with this view?
Agree. Facing Yuan Fang's rebuttal, some people felt ashamed and wanted to shake hands with Yuan Fang and apologize. This shows that he has the spirit of knowing his mistakes and correcting them.
5. Why can friends be speechless and apologize?
Yuan Fang’s rebuttal is well-founded. First, from the perspective of credit, his father's friend broke the promise first, which is untrustworthy; from the perspective of politeness, his father's friend scolded Yuan Fang's father in front of Yuan Fang, which was rude. Therefore, the friend was speechless in the end and had to apologize.
5. Migration and expansion
1. How should you deal with the rudeness of others?
[Opinion 1] Seize the other party's rudeness, confront each other tit for tat, and protect your personal reputation from being infringed.
[Opinion 2] In response to the other party's rudeness, present facts and reason, so that the other party understands his fault, which not only protects his personal reputation but does not harm the other party. You can't be as rude as the other person.
2. If your parents are not at home and guests come to your home, how should you receive them?
On the premise that the identity of the other party can be determined, treat each other with courtesy; if the identity of the other party is unknown, inquire about the other party's situation tactfully and improve safety awareness.
3. What other stories in "Shishuoxinyu" do you know? Such as "Wang Rong knew Li".
4. There are many idioms from Shishuoxinyu. Please write down a few.
Looking at the plum blossoms to quench thirst, brothers in distress, standing out from the crowd, unconventional, and passionate
5. In ancient times, there were many smart and witty children like Xie Daoyun and Chen Yuanfang. Can you cite a few such examples? ?
1. Wang Mian painted at the age of four; 2. Cao Zhi wrote poetry at the age of seven; 3. Gan Luo became prime minister at the age of 12;
4. Sima Guang smashed the vat.
&20. Mountain City
(1) Introduction to the writer.
Pu Songling (1640-1715) was a writer of the Qing Dynasty. This article "Mountain City" is selected from "Strange Stories from a Liaozhai Studio". He is known as "Mr. Liaozhai
" in the world, with the nickname Liuxian, one word swordsman, and his alias Liuquan Jushi.
The Pu family is known as "the scholar of the past generations". Pu Songling's creations include 14 kinds of popular folk songs, including "Wall Notes", "Gu Fu Song", "Compassion Song", "Fan Nightmare" and "Hansen Song" , "Penglai Banquet", "Jun Yaksha", "Poor Chinese Ci", "Quick Song", "Ugly Junba", "The Curse of Jealousy", "Supplementary Xingyun Song", etc. reveal the darkness and darkness of society from different angles. The injustice in the world is similar to "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" in terms of life attitude and creative ideas. In addition to novels and folk songs, Pu Songling's works also include "Collected Works from a Chinese Studio", "Collected Poems from a Chinese Studio" and popular books on agriculture and medicine such as "Nongsang Jing" and "Book of Medicine". In 1962, the Shanghai Editorial Office of Zhonghua Book Company published "The Collection of Pu Songling" edited by Lu Dahuang.
(2) Question explanation.
This article is selected from "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" and describes the scene of the writer's hometown, Huanshan Mountain City, Zichuan County. The mountain city is the sea city. Mirages are unpredictable and strange sights in the world that few people appreciate. The author writes about the changing scene with a changing pen. The form is exhausted, and the scene that is difficult to describe seems to be in front of you.
(3) Background information.
"Zichuan County Chronicle" records: Huanshan "has a mountain city, where many people in the town are found, and the shape of the city walls, buildings, official rooms, trees, and people is similar to that of the sea city." Mirage is the abbreviation of mirage. When the author visited Mount Laoshan at the age of 34, he was lucky enough to see the fantastic scenery of mirage with his own eyes. In the poem "Song of Viewing the Sea in Laoshan Mountain", he was very surprised by the strange scenery he saw: between the sea and the sky, pavilions, mountains, rivers, and people suddenly appeared. In an instant, "the wind suddenly stirred and dust rose, and the realm was completely empty and illusive." This unpredictable scene is very similar to the changes in the mirage of the mountain city described in "Mountain City". In his time, the author could not understand that mirage is a phenomenon caused by the refraction of light, so he called this phenomenon "ghost market" in the article. Ghost markets have also been recorded in previous works. Zheng Xiong of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Panyu Miscellaneous Notes: Ghost Market": "There is a ghost market at the seaside from time to time, closing in the middle of the night and disappearing when the rooster crows." Meng Yuanlao of the Song Dynasty wrote in "Tokyo Menghua Lu: Panlou East Street Alley": "And east On the Cross Street, the sun is on the corner, the teahouse is lit every five o'clock, and clothes, pictures, garlands, collars, etc. are bought and sold at dawn, which is called a ghost market. "The author, like his predecessors, does not understand this. The cause of this illusion is believed to be the work of ghosts.
I originally planned to use my own notes, but it was too troublesome.
This is also correct, don’t worry, I am also in the first grade of junior high school