The positive influence of Confucian ideology and culture on reality

The essence of Confucian ideology and culture has been honed and accumulated in the historical inheritance, and has become the wisdom, spirit and virtue of our nation, with the eternal value of human nature.

1. A series of moral categories, propositions and thoughts put forward by Confucianism have enriched the traditional moral treasure house of China. Confucian culture belongs to the culture of human relations, and it puts forward benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, gentleness, kindness, respect, frugality, concession, loyalty, filial piety, honesty, frugality and shame, which are very rich, and each word can write a big article. If their general meanings are abstracted, selected, processed and brought into play, they can become the essence. For example, "benevolence" is the core of the Confucian moral standard system, and "benevolence is also benevolent" emphasizes the social attribute and essence of human beings; "The benevolent loves others" reflects the altruistic spirit; "Self-denial and courtesy are benevolence" requires people to have a sense of moral self-discipline; "Killing one's life to become a human being" shows the determination to stick to the faith and not be afraid of sacrifice. Another example is "loyalty". Apart from its specific meanings of loyalty to the monarch and ignorance, it is valuable because it is loyal to its duties and has the courage to be responsible. It can be used to be loyal to the party, the country and the people. Another example is "filial piety", which is a virtue that anyone and any society should have. In feudal society, children's "filial piety" to their parents was overemphasized, while parents' "kindness" to their children was neglected. Now that the one-child policy is implemented, every family shows excessive "kindness" and it is easy to lose the traditional "filial piety". Therefore, it is more necessary to emphasize "filial piety" today. In addition, "righteousness" means integrity and justice, "courtesy" means courtesy and etiquette, "faith" means honesty and credibility, "gentleness" means kindness and simplicity, "courtesy" means modesty and respect for others, "thrift" means thrift, "concession" means tolerance and forbearance, "honesty" means honesty and integrity, and "festival" means frugality.

2. The rational spirit of breaking through the destiny of ghosts and gods has resisted the erosion of people's thoughts by religion. Confucianism is cautious about ghosts and gods, "the son does not talk about strange, powerful, chaotic and divine", "how to know death when you don't know life", and has an atheistic tendency, denying the existence of supernatural savior and the other side of the world. At the same time, guide people to pay attention to "secular" life and solve practical problems. Confucius' students asked what wisdom was, and Confucius said, "I know the meaning of serving the people and staying away from ghosts and gods." It embodies the worship of pragmatic and rational spirit. Although there are native and foreign religions circulating in China, they have not formed the religious fanaticism of the whole nation, and what is really implemented is "the integration of politics and morality", and religion has never occupied a dominant position in China; Unlike the west, which is "the integration of politics and religion", sometimes the religious power is greater than the royal power. In China, it is the belief in Confucianism that inhibits the role of religion. Up to now, there are more than 6 billion people in the world, 4.8 billion people are religious, and the vast majority of non-religious people are in China, which has a lot to do with the long-term influence of Confucianism.

under the influence of Confucianism, China people tend to rely on human strength to solve practical problems, forming a habit of not asking God to worship Buddha easily. In their view, instead of believing in ghosts and gods, it is better to believe in Mingjun. "In 5 years, there will be a king's prosperity", and Mingjun can bring peace and prosperity; When there were not many wise kings, they went to believe in honest officials, who took the lead in setting an example, making up for the king's mistakes, killing Chen Shimei and saving Qin Xianglian; If you don't have many honest officials, you should believe in a chivalrous man. A chivalrous man can see rough roads and draw out a sword to help him. The biggest chivalrous man is Liangshan, who does justice for heaven. People really have no choice but to ask God to worship Buddha, and most of them are gods who hope to solve practical problems for them. These gods and people are related by blood. People believe in the Dragon King when they are short of water, and the God of Wealth when they are short of money. Believing in God is helpless and powerful, and only a few people reach the level of piety and superstition.

3. The people-oriented principle of "people are the foundation of the country" embodies the social responsibility of taking the world as its own responsibility. Confucianism has always attached great importance to the role of ordinary people, believing that ordinary people are the foundation of national peace, and that "the people are the foundation of the country, and the foundation is the foundation of the country." Mencius said: "The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." The "expensive" here is of great significance, that is, "the people can carry a boat or overturn it". To attach importance to the role of ordinary people, we must first attach importance to their livelihood. Therefore, Confucianism has always emphasized that a gentleman should have the feelings of "worrying about the world and enjoying the world", linking the individual's life with the well-being of the people, "being poor is immune to the world, and being good at the world", and it is necessary to "teach the people" at the same time. It is necessary to "solve the people in the upside down" and "put the world above the banquet". Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate one's self-cultivation, to be "practical, knowledgeable, upright and sincere", to improve one's moral cultivation and ability to do things, with the aim of putting the world into practice and realizing "keeping the family, governing the country and leveling the world". Of course, the people-oriented premise of Confucianism is the heroic historical view. China * * * Production Party adheres to the historical view of the masses of historical materialism and the purpose of serving the people, practices Scientific Outlook on Development, and puts people first, which is unmatched by the people-oriented doctrine of Confucianism, but the social responsibility of paying attention to people's livelihood and benefiting the people is the same.

4. the ecological ethics of "harmony between man and nature" provides a broad ideological and cultural foundation for us to build an ecological civilization. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are all pursuing the harmony and unity between man and nature. Taoism advocates "Taoism is natural" and returns to simplicity, which is a retrogressive return to nature; Buddhism puts forward that "mountains and rivers are covered with vegetation, and all of them become Buddhas", eliminating "separation of mind" and emphasizing the equality of all beings. Confucianism emphasizes "caring for people and loving things", that is, people and everything are like brothers and sisters, and everything is integrated and caring for each other. It holds that "everything is nurtured without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting", and Heaven is humanity; People should be "intellectual" from "wholeheartedly" and "intellectual" from "responding to heaven", and people's life activities should be integrated into the endless expansion of heaven and earth; Mencius' theory of "seizing the opportunity to wait for the time", Xunzi's theory of "controlling the destiny and using it" and Wang Fuzi's theory of "winning each other and using each other" embody the harmonious ecological ethics and the concept of harmony between heaven and humanity, which provides us with a solid cultural background and a broad thinking background for adhering to the coordinated development of economic society and resources, environment and population and building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

5. Paying attention to the inspiration and cohesion of ideals and beliefs has become a major feature and political advantage of China's rule of virtue. Confucianism emphasizes that a person should have ideals and beliefs. His ideal personality is wisdom, benevolence and courage, which is considered as "the great virtue of the world". Confucius said: "The benevolent is not worried, the knowledgeable is not confused, and the brave is not afraid". With ideals and beliefs, people can concentrate and study hard, endure loneliness and poverty, and achieve "seeking for food without worrying about poverty", "worrying about food without worrying about poverty" and "living without seeking security". Even if they are poor, "eating sparingly, drinking water, and taking comfort in it". Being unjust, rich and expensive is like a cloud to me. " When people have ideals and beliefs, they have their own independent will and personality. Mencius said: "The three armed forces can win the handsome, but ordinary people can't win the ambition." You can achieve "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent." Once the ideals and beliefs are established, they can inspire people to persevere and stick to it for life. "If you listen to the Tao in the morning, you can die in the evening." In the face of evil forces, you will not hesitate to kill yourself to be benevolent and give up your life to gain justice. Chairman Mao said that people should have a little spirit. Confucianism attaches importance to the role of ideals and beliefs, and it is still not out of date today. Especially under the condition of developing market economy, while people are pragmatic and self-confident, they tend to despise theoretical thinking and dilute their ideals and beliefs. In reality, the affordable idea of "having milk is a mother", the impetuous mentality of quick success and instant benefit, the cognitive way of "following your feelings" and even individualism at the expense of others are all negative effects. Therefore, whether we are building socialist spiritual civilization or doing ideological and political work, we should actively carry out education on ideals and beliefs. Through the education of ideals and beliefs, we can unite people's hearts and inspire their fighting spirit, so that people can stand in the world with ambition, righteousness and backbone.

The ideal society in Confucianism is "Great Harmony". In this society, "the world is for the public", "people are not only close to their relatives, but also only sons and sons", and they all "trust and repair each other", "make the old people have an end, be strong and useful, have their strengths when they are young, and provide for those who are widowed, lonely, sick and disabled". The ideal of "Great Harmony" is people's memory of primitive capitalism, their resistance to class exploitation and oppression at that time, and their yearning for a better society in the future, which has inspired China people from generation to generation. The slogan of the leaders of peasant uprisings in the past dynasties was based on the ideal of "great harmony" to attract people's hearts. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's Tian Chao Tian Mu System, Kang Youwei's Datong Book and Sun Yat-sen's "The World is Public" were deeply inspired and influenced by the ideal of "great harmony". When Marxism was introduced to China, especially in the early days of the founding of New China, many China people, including many party and state leaders, used the traditional idea of "great harmony" to understand socialism and * * * capitalism. The word "well-off" put forward by Deng Xiaoping also came from the description of the traditional "great harmony" society. Now we are building a well-off society in an all-round way. By the middle of this century, we will build our country into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern country. This goal really carries the hope of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and has great encouragement and cohesion for Chinese people at home and abroad, which has become a major political advantage of our country.

6. The dialectical thinking of "going too far is too late" embodies superb ways of dealing with life and leadership art.. "The Doctrine of the Mean" occupies an important position in the Confucian ideological system, and it is regarded as the highest virtue accomplishment, as well as the norm and method. There is dialectics in the "golden mean", that is, the idea of "degree" should not be overdone or "inferior", and it is opposed to going to extremes, requiring people to grasp the sense of proportion and pay attention to the temperature. Confucius said that when someone asked him a question, he would "buckle its two ends and exhaust it", that is, find out the two contradictory aspects of things and then give an answer comprehensively; He also said that "attacking heresy is harmful", that is, only grasping one aspect of contradiction and forgetting the other will inevitably cause harm. Confucianism is for the sake of officials. It holds that as a leader, one should be "powerful but not fierce", "Thai but not arrogant", "harmonious but not flowing", "proud but not contending", "desirous but not greedy", "happy without lewdness", "sad without injury", "hard without complaint" and "rewarding without expense". From the perspective of temperament cultivation, "quality is better than literature, and literature is better than history, gentle and gentle, and then a gentleman"; He also said that "crazy people make progress, but stubborn people do something wrong", and that these two kinds of people are extreme and should be taken as "middle", which is both positive and steady. If our current leading cadres can really meet these requirements, they can also be called good cadres with cultivation and ability.

7. The rich educational thought of Confucianism has become the main content of the excellent educational tradition of the Chinese nation, and it still has enlightening significance for modern quality education. Confucius was an educator at first, and Confucianism inherited the tradition of running a school. The education of the Chinese nation for more than 2, years was mainly undertaken by Confucianism. Confucius said, "There is no class in teaching", "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous", "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also", "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be unhappy; If you don't take three corners to counter a corner, you will never do it again. "Learn, interrogate, think carefully, argue clearly, and stick to it", "Don't care, don't be sure, don't be solid, don't worry about me" and "When you are in a threesome, you must learn from me" are all valuable educational experiences. Later, Mencius put forward that "teaching is also versatile", Xunzi's "shine on you is better than blue" and "perseverance", and Han Yu's "industry is good at diligence and leisure, and success is ruined by thinking", all of which have become the mottos of future generations. Even now, they still have enlightening value for our quality education. In view of our current examination-oriented education, our education needs to face the future, the world and modernization, and also needs to inherit the fine traditions of Confucian educational thought.

8. Many outstanding elements of Confucianism have been integrated into the spirit of the Chinese nation and become the core and soul of Chinese culture. In the spirit of the Chinese nation, the brilliance of Confucianism shines everywhere. For example, patriotism, Confucianism emphasizes the spirit of collectivism, requires individual interests to obey the overall interests, and "self-denial" is for "re-ceremony"; Emphasizing the unity of family and country, the country is the amplification of family, and loyalty is the amplification of filial piety; Emphasize that "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Now, patriotism has become a powerful driving force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Another example is unity and unity, and the Confucian thought of "great unity" is very strong. Confucius said: "If there is a way in the world, the ritual and music will be conquered from the son of heaven; If there is no way in the world, then the ritual and music will be conquered by the princes. " Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty said: "The Spring and Autumn Annals is a great unification, a constant experience of heaven and earth, and a friendship between ancient and modern times." Confucian "sage inside and king outside" emphasizes that the purpose of a gentleman's self-cultivation and "keeping the family in order" is to "govern the country and level the world", which has become the political concept and way of thinking of the Chinese nation. In the history of China, division is unpopular and unified, which has become a broad and profound social and psychological basis for our opposition to ethnic division. Another example is peace-loving. Confucianism stresses "courtesy is the most important", "harmony is different", "virtue is the most important" and "loyalty and forgiveness", which requires people to do to others what they don't want them to do to them, and "do what they want to do to others" and "do what they want to do to others. Here, the most valuable thing is to put yourself in the other person's shoes and think about it, so as to enhance understanding, create tolerance, and form a joint force. Now, the construction of a harmonious society is put forward at home, the concept of a harmonious world is put forward internationally, and the policy of being good neighbors, good neighbors and rich neighbors is adhered to, so as to create a good international environment for China to achieve the goal of a well-off society in an all-round way and modernization. The Confucian thought of "harmony" can play a greater role. Another example is self-improvement. The biggest difference between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism is that they emphasize a positive attitude towards life and ask people to "be angry and forget their food, and be happy and forget their worries". Confucius is a very diligent person who works hard and "doesn't know that the old age is coming". He thinks that "it's hard to eat all day long and have no intention"! Confucianism believes that there should be "three stands" in life, that is, "establishing morality, making contributions and making statements", and "establishing a heart for heaven and earth, making a life for the people, inheriting the past and learning, and opening peace for all generations". Chairman Mao has played this spirit, saying, "I dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky" is the summary of the spirit of self-improvement of China people.

China's * * * production party led the people in revolution, construction and reform, adhered to the guidance of Marxism, and made it China, modern and popular. It inherited and carried forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and naturally inherited and carried forward the positive factors in Confucian ideology and culture. At the same time, it added new contents, such as "three major styles" and "two musts", in line with the requirements of the times.

the negative influence of Confucianism on reality

Confucianism represents the spiritual civilization of China's agricultural society and feudal society after all. With the rise of world industrialization and the advancement of economic globalization, the negative factors in Confucianism have become more and more obvious, and they are increasingly unsuitable for modernization. On the surface, China's backwardness, passivity and beatings in modern times were caused by the decadent feudal system, because the western countries were "armed with guns" and China's weapons were not good. In fact, the deepest thing was a problem in culture and guiding ideology, which had nothing to do with the negative factors of Confucianism, and some even thought that Confucianism was the culprit.

The negative factors of Confucianism and its influence still exist, mainly in the following aspects:

1. The concept of hierarchy suppresses people's personality and creativity. The core of Confucianism is benevolence, and the externalization of benevolence is