Zhuge Liang's personality, integrity and demeanor can be summarized as the following four aspects:
Indifferent to ambition, quiet and far-reaching When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, he read widely, made friends with scholars and cared about the current situation. Every time he compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, he has great ambitions. But he is by no means the kind of vulgar person who craves fame and wealth and longs for prosperity. In fact, at that time, Cao Cao dominated the world, holding the emperor to make the princes, his friends and Meng Du vote for him, but he was unmoved. His brother Zhu Gejin is very important in Wu Dong, and he didn't take refuge. Finally, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage and was deeply moved by his unprecedented thirst for talent. He resolutely walked out of the thatched cottage and conquered the world. Zhuge Liang once earnestly warned in the famous Book of Commandments: "A gentleman should be quiet to cultivate his morality, be frugal to cultivate his morality, be indifferent to his ambition, and be quiet as far as possible", which is really a wise saying and a true portrayal of his disregard for moral integrity.
Do your best to govern the country and be loyal to the auxiliary government. Zhuge Liang successively assisted Liu Bei and Liu Chan, two loyal and dedicated emperors. Liu Bei trusted him so much that he left him alone when he died and righteously proposed to become a monk. However, he had no political ambition to seize the throne and worked for Adou, who could not afford it. He was more worried and sweated all day. Finally, he died in the line of duty and died in the army at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang's assistance to the patriarch was actually a matter of governing the country, showing his handsome appearance, but the patriarch did not feel his threat and the ministers did not feel his trespass. He is selfless at heart and forgets his home. How can this happen?
Appoint people on merit, be honest and clean. In the "Teacher's Watch", Zhuge Liang once pointed out sharply: "Pro-sages, ministers stay away from villains, so the ancestors are prosperous; Pro-villain, far-virtuous minister, from then on, the Han Dynasty fell ",which is really a good word, and it is still inspiring." "Zhuge Liang, who advised the emperor in this way, is himself a model of meritocracy. Jiang Wan, who is honest and elegant, Fei Yi, who is honest and talented, and Jiang Wei, who is both wise and brave, all appreciate his reuse and cultivation. After his death, these people became the mainstay of Shu. Li Yan, the orphan minister, failed to deliver food and reported the military situation in a panic. Zhuge Liang demoted him to a civil servant, but he still trusted Li Yan's son and advised him to persuade his father to turn over a new leaf. Therefore, instead of complaining, Li Yan is grateful. Zhuge Liang died, and Li Yan died of grief. Zhuge Liang knows how to be kind, understand the law and understand the situation. It's so convincing! In terms of integrity, it is also a model. He wrote to his late master and truthfully declared his personal property. According to the book, my home is in Chengdu, and there are 800 mulberry trees, 15 hectares of wasteland. A family can eat and wear warm clothes, and all my food and clothing are provided by the government. I will never run my business and increase my private property by an inch. If I find out the surplus property after my death, I will be sorry for my country. Aboveboard. Heaven can be learned.
Be tenacious and single-minded and do your best. Zhuge Liang's political ideal is to "restore Han as the old capital" and unify the whole country, but the reality is extremely grim: of the three countries, Wei is the most powerful opponent, with more land, manpower, financial resources and material resources than the sum of Wu and Shu, while Shu is the weakest. Zhuge Liang knew this well, "It is better to die than to die" (later as a model), so he resolutely challenged the limit and took all positive measures to strive for strength, surpassing the North Sea with the overwhelming spirit of Mount Tai, "driving a thousand troops and glaring at the Central Plains". Although it is futile, it is still a heroic feat, which is both Zhuge Liang's tragedy and his greatness. This spirit of striving to do the best is deeply felt by future generations. Li Anyun, Wuhou Temple, Chengdu: As we all know, the tripod will stand in heaven, but it is still difficult for people to find six ways to get started. Du Fu's poem Shu Xiang is Zhuge Liang's eternal bosom friend: but before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats from now on!
Zhuge Liang's works:
Longzhongdui, a model, a commandment book, a nephew's commandment book.
Jiang Yuan (also known as Shu Xin)
Sixteen cheap strategies-military essentials, psychological warfare and twenty-four art of war.
Related works:
In the Western Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou wrote 24 pieces of Zhuge Liang's Collection, with more than104,000 words.
Wang Ming Shi Qi wrote The Complete Works of Wu Hou.
Zhang Shu in Qing Dynasty wrote the Collection of Zhuge Zhong's Wuhou.
Later models were suspected to be fakes by later generations. This paper makes a textual research on Tao's first article, Distinguishing the Models of Later Generations after Zhuge Liang's Biography (full text). )
Pre-Horse Course (Prophecy Book)
"Wen Xin Diao Long. Zhang Biao: "In the future, the master will try his best to speak English fluently ..."
"Book Wrath": "A teacher shows his real world, who is better than a thousand years."
"When you are sick, you are in the book": "You can learn from the present when you get up, and you can get a closer look at midnight."
History book evaluation
"Record": Kongming started in Bashu, followed by a state, and was a big country, with one-ninth of the soldiers. However, by paying tribute to Dawu, the enemy in the north was blocked, the criminal law was neat, tens of thousands of soldiers marched to drive Qishan, and they were full of ambitions to drink Mahe and Luo. Zhong Da is ten times bigger than the world, and it is a fortified city with elites. It has no intention of catching the enemy, just to protect itself and let him know that he has come and gone. If this man never dies, he will follow his ambition and think about it for several years. If he has a plan every day, he will be indifferent and harmonious. If China doesn't put his saddle on, the outcome will be decided.
Genko: He stopped fighting like a mountain, advancing and retreating like the wind. When the soldiers came out, the world shook, but people were not worried.
Lu Fahe: Zhu Gekongming can be said to be a famous soldier, and I have seen it myself.
Emperor Taizong of Li Jing asked the son of heaven.
Li Jing: I am familiar with two maps of the Yellow Emperor and Taigong, Sima Fa and Zhuge Liang's Zheng Qifa. Celebrities of all ages have used one or two of them, and many have succeeded. However, historians know soldiers, but they can't grasp the facts. Dare not believe, dare not make up the news. Taizong said: which is the deepest art of war?
Taizong said: However! I call the soldiers who defeat others without fighting, and they are also on the battlefield; Those who win every battle are also in the middle; Those who guard themselves with deep ditches and high bases will also fall. So, in that contest, Sun Wu wrote a book, which was different from the third class.
Jing yue: it can be different to look at its text and trace its events. If Sean, Fan Li and Sun Wu lose contact and don't know where they are going, how can they be safe unless they know? If Le Yi, Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang win the battle, they will stick to it. Is it safe to observe the right time and place? Secondly, Wang Meng protects Thailand, Xie Anzhi prevents Jin, does not choose talents, and is self-reliant. Can it be safe? Therefore, the study of military training must start from the bottom and middle levels, from the middle and upper levels, and gradually deepen. Otherwise, it is empty talk, just memorizing, not enough to take.
Zhuge Liang's record
"The History of the Three Kingdoms": The ancestors attacked Zhang at the beginning, and Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun led the crowd to retreat from the river, enfeoffment the counties, and surrounded the capital with their ancestors.
"The Three Kingdoms": In the spring of three years, Liang led the crowd south, and its autumn was flat. Military capital, enriching the country and strengthening the people, is a big move to run the army and talk about martial arts.
Three Kingdoms: In the spring of six years, Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi raised their voices from the inclined valley road. According to Ji Gu, Cao Zhen, the general of Wei, loudly refused. Ming led an army to attack Qishan, rewarding and punishing Qi, and Su ordered Changming, Nan 'an, Tianshui, Yong 'an and other counties to betray Wei, shaking with Guanzhong.
Three Kingdoms: In winter, Liang went back to Guan and surrounded Chen Cang, but Cao Zhen refused, but returned it. General Wei, ride after the light, fight with the light, break it, and cut its double.
Three Kingdoms: In seven years, Liang sent troops to attack Wudu. Guo Huai, the history of Yongzhou, Wei, attracted many attacks, and the light came out to Jianwei, Huaigui and Suiping County.
"Three Kingdoms": In the ninth year, Liang returned to Qishan and retired with all the food. He fought with General Wei Zhang Tai and killed him.
History of the Three Kingdoms: In the spring of the twelfth year, I learned that the masses were out of the inclined valley to transport horses. According to Wu Zhangyuan, Sima and Weinan. Dividing troops and fixing fields is the basis of long-term defense. The tillers are mixed among the residents of Weibin, which is covered by the people and selfless by the army. Stalemate for more than a hundred days. In August of that year, Liang died in the army at the age of 54. When the army retired, Xuan Wang put forward a case to carry out his camp, saying, "What is a genius in the world!"
History as a Mirror: Zhuge Liang of the Han Dynasty went to Nanzhong, where he won a battle, and his light went from Yueba to Gaoding. So that Li Hui, the prefect of Yizhou, entered the customs from Yizhou, and Ma Zhong, Brazil, entered the customs from Zhang Ke, breaking the counties and returning to the light.
Purple Tongzhi Sword: Meng Huo received a lot of money, but the rest refused to shine. Convinced by foreigners and the Han dynasty, Liang Zhao was born, and his point of view was between the camp and the Chen Dynasty. He asked, "What is this army like?" He said, "I don't know the truth, so I failed." I had the privilege of observing the camp. If this is the case, I will definitely win. " Smile, even if you play more. Seven fir trees and seven birds are bright, but they are still caught, and they can't stop, saying, "Gong, Tianwei, the southerners will no longer rebel!" Liang Sui went to Dianchi Lake. Yizhou, Yongchang and Yuexi County of Zhang Kehe are all flat.
"Purple Tongzhi Sword": Bright voice takes the road of self-care. Zhao Yun, the general of Town East, and Deng Zhi, the general of Yang Wu, were suspected soldiers. Emperor Cao Zhen, commander-in-chief of Guan Yu, led an army to attack Qishan cleanly, and gave orders to Su Ming. At first, Wei Zhaolie died, and when he was a few years old, he became a nobody, so he was slightly prepared. Moreover, the death breath flashed by, and the officials and the people were very scared. So Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding all rebelled, and Guanzhong shook, and the courtiers didn't know what to do.
"Purple Tongzhi Sword": When the light comes out of Qishan, Jiang comes down from the army. Gorgeous and beautiful, brave and intelligent, he turned into a pale Cao Yu and became a standard army.
Zi Tongzhi Jane: In the spring, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Jie to attack Wudu and Yin Ping counties, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led the troops to rescue them. Bright self-built Wei, Huai retreat, bright then pull out the second county to return; The Lord of the Han Dynasty decided to worship Liang as Cheng Xiang.
Zi Tongzhi Jane: Li Yan, the prime minister of Han Dynasty, protected domestic affairs. Yan changed her name to Ping. Liang Shuai's army invaded, surrounded Qishan and transported them with wooden cows. So Cao Fuzhen fell ill, and the emperor ordered Sima Yi to stay in Chang 'an, as well as generals Zhang He, Fei Yao, Dai Ling and Guo Huai. In March, Cao Zhen died in Shaoling of the Yuan Dynasty. It hasn't rained since October. As for October. Sima Yi sent Ying Fei and Dai Ling to guard 4,000 chosen men, and the rest learned that they wanted to save Qishan from the west. Zhang He wanted to divide his troops between Yong and Jia, and Yi said, "It is expected that the former army can be independent and the general is reasonable. If you can't tell the difference, the reason why Chu Sanjun is a Qing Bu bird. " Then move on. Bright suited to attack Qishan, and he was photographed in Tangyi. Guo Huai, Fei Yao and others. It was so bright that it was broken. Because of its bumper wheat harvest, it met Yi in the east of Shangguan.
"History as a Mirror": Easy to gather troops in danger, soldiers do not pay, bright lead to return. As for the halogen city, Yi and others will find it all after. Zhang He said, "He came from afar to be my enemy, so he couldn't fight, saying that my interests were not in the war, and he wanted to use a long-term plan to control it. And Qishan knows that the army is close, and the human feelings are solid. You can stop here and divide into Indiana Jones, which means it is not appropriate to move forward. If you dare not push, you will lose popularity. Today, I am alone, eating less, and I can go. " If you don't listen, look for light. When he arrived, he climbed mountains, dug camps and refused to fight. Jia Xu and Wei Ping fought several times, saying, "You are afraid of Shu as a tiger, but why are you laughing?" Get sick easily. The generals are ready to fight. In summer and May, Xinji and Yi made Zhang He attack unprepared, and He Ping was in Nanwei, and the case was clarified. Liang ordered Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban to meet, and suffered a crushing defeat. He gave the Han soldiers 3,000 armor and also stayed in the camp.
History as a Mirror: In June, Liang retired from the army with grain, and Sima Yi sent Zhang He to pursue him. Close to the wooden door, fighting with lights, Shu people took high cloth, shot with a crossbow, and died with an arrow in their right knee.
"Purple Tongzhi Sword": Zhuge Liang advised farmers to talk about martial arts, be a wooden ox and a flowing horse, transport rice to gather at the oblique valley mouth and cure the oblique valley pavilion; Let the people have a rest and use it after three years. In the spring and February, Ming Ming invaded hundreds of thousands of people and sent an envoy to Wu. Zhuge Liang arrived at the end, and the army was in the south of Wei River. Sima Yi led the army across the Weihe River, turned back to the water as a barrier, and said to the general, "If you are bright in martial arts, you will be worried if you lean on the mountain to the east;" If you go to the west five yards, there will be nothing. " Liang Guotun Wuzhangyuan. Guo Huaiyan, the secretariat of Yongzhou, said in Yuyi: "We must fight for the northern plain in the Ming Dynasty, so we should follow it first." Many discussants do not think so. Huai said, "It's not good for the country to cross the Weihe River and climb the plain, and the northern mountain will join forces. It's not good for the country to shake the people in a long way." Yi told Huai Tun to go north. Before the wall was built, Han soldiers arrived and were countered by Huai. Before dawn, counting the number of people, all failed to carry food, which made their ambitions not stretch. It is the basis for dividing troops and cultivating fields for a long time. Weibin residents are mixed with tillers, the people are closed and the army is selfless.
History as a Mirror: Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang have been together for more than one hundred days, showing their challenges, but they can't escape. Light is the clothes of an abandoned woman. Sima Yi was angry and asked for a good fight. The emperor made Wei Weixin's cudgel a strategist's control. Jiang Wei, the bodyguard, said to Liang, "Xin Zuozhi has arrived at the staff festival, so thieves can't return." Liang said, "He has no feelings of war, so he invited the combatants to show his strength. I will be in the army, and your life will not be affected. If you can control me, how can you fight evil thousands of miles away! " Liang sent someone to see Yi, who only asked about his bed, food and other things, but did not ask about him. The messenger said to him, "Zhuge Gong stayed up all night and was fined twenty taels, so he saw it himself; I can't eat a few liters. " Sima Yi told people: "How long can Zhu Gekongming last?" Liang was ill, and Ambassador Han sent ministers to wait on him in Li Fu's province, because he consulted the national plan. Shi Hui and He Liangyu have, won't go, a few days later. Liang said, "I know you are still interested. Recently, although you can't finish talking, it has come to an end. It is also appropriate for those who ask in public office. " Fu Xie: "I really lost my invitation before. If someone can do something important in a hundred years, I don't need to pay back my ears. Who can be appointed after pleading with Jiang Wei? " Liang said, "You can continue." Ask again and don't answer. Zhai zhi. It was the month when Liang died in the army.
Zijian: It was the month when Liang died in the army. Yang Yi, who has a long history, led his troops to war. The people rushed to sue Sima Yi, who pursued them. Jiang Wei ordered the document to beat the drum and fight against the flag. If he was willing to go to Yi, Yi would be empty and bright. He faked his death and withdrew his troops, but he did not dare to force it. So Chen got out of the horse and went into the valley to send out obituaries. The people said, "Zhuge died, Zhong Dasheng." Hearing this, Yi smiled and said, "You can count on life, but you can't count on death." In the bright camp of Yima case, he sighed: "What a genius in the world!" It's too late to catch up with the red shore.