the influence of Christianity on western culture is various, and it gradually penetrates into western philosophy, law, education, art (literature, music, architecture, painting and sculpture, etc.) and science. In the field of philosophy, Christianity established the tradition of philosophical speculation in modern western countries. As Engels said, "Only one ideology was known in the Middle Ages, namely religion and theology." Christian philosophy is the official ideology of the Roman Catholic Church. It is an idealistic ideology with God as the core and theology as the foundation. It has experienced three stages: early godfather philosophy, medieval scholasticism and modern neo-Thomas doctrine. In the early Christian philosophy, the ontological proof of the unity of God and the trinity proved that the debate about the combination of God's nature and human's nature in Christ and the anthropological study of God's gift and human's sinful nature constituted all the contents of the godfather philosophy. Augustine, the patriarch of Xibo, North Africa, is the most famous representative of the early godfather philosophy. As a neo-Platonist, he consciously subordinated reason to faith and wrote many epoch-making works, such as Confessions, On Trinity, City of God and so on, which have far-reaching influence in the history of western philosophy. In the period of scholasticism, scholasticism applied rationality to revelation, trying to prove that the doctrine of faith came from revelation rather than rationality, but belief and rationality were not mutually exclusive, and Christian doctrine could also be demonstrated and explained through rational reasoning. Thomas? 6? Aquinas created an encyclopedic theological system for Christianity with innovative spirit and profound knowledge, which is another complete theoretical form after Augustinianism. In order to firmly establish the position and influence of Christian philosophy, and at the same time to adapt to the general requirements of society for rationality at that time, Thomas further flaunted his recognition of objective knowledge and human rationality by using Aristotle's realism. In his philosophical system, faithism, rationalism and mysticism reached a high degree of unity, which pushed the medieval scholasticism to the peak. Scholasticism reconciled reason and Catholicism, and eased the crisis of Catholicism caused by the impact of rational thoughts. But once reason entered the temple of theology, it also planted the seeds that made theology decline. In the field of law, Rudolf, a famous German jurist? 6? There is a famous saying in Yelin: "Rome conquered the world three times, the first time by force, the second time by religion and the third time by law". Medieval Europe was an era called "sacred order" by Christian theologians. According to Christian beliefs, the status and role of secular state was degraded, and it was only a social organization responsible for lower-level things next to or under the church. It was not until the late 11th century that the revival of Roman law began in Italy. Roman law, which was preserved and matured in the Eastern Roman Empire, spread back to the West. Although the formulation of Roman statute law is based on people's religious beliefs, its effective operation is also based on this. However, compared with church law, Roman law has a distinct non-religious nature, which has gradually become a powerful weapon for the royal power to counter the religious power, making Roman law gain the same authority as the Bible and be respected similarly to the Bible. The Code of Justinian Law, compiled in 188 by Erna, an expert in Roman law at Bologna Law School, was widely used in various fields, so that St. Birna complained that European courts were surrounded by Justinian Law and could no longer hear God's orders. In this regard, the Holy See urgently needs to demonstrate theoretically that the religious power is higher than the royal power and the church is higher than the state. Although the revival of Roman law in Western Europe is directly related to the church, the church attaches more importance to the church law and stipulates that the church law in the law course should be based on the religious conference and the canon and orders promulgated by the Holy See. In A.D. 114, Gratian, a student studying in El Nariu, compiled all previous Christian conferences and papal decrees into a book, which was later called "The Collection of Gratian Decrees", thus promoting the study of canon law. At that time, "the rulers of the polis, government officials and church administrators all came from the same class, received education in the same university and had the same knowledge background;" Therefore, there is a constant process of mutual criticism, which stimulates the development of an educated public opinion "(Christopher? 6? Dawson: Religion and the Rise of Western Culture, p. 216). In the study of church law, especially civil law, the principle of legitimacy and legitimate government has been included, and the concept that the country is based on law has been included. Law has also begun to be understood as a litigation procedure that everyone must abide by and override personal wishes. The spirit of modern Roman law has undergone the transformation of the Christian world in Europe and is the product of the further rationalization and secularization of religious beliefs. In the field of education, Christianity also laid the foundation for modern western education. "In the early Middle Ages, there were traces of monasteries leading not only in the spiritual precepts of religious life, but also in the ideological development of Christian culture. They are called the Benedictine era of western culture, because since the rise of new Christian culture in Norfolk Sabria in the 7th century, the recovery of urban life and the rise of communes in the 12th century, the continuity of higher-level culture has been maintained in the Benedictine monastery, which is a great source of knowledge and literary creation "(Christopher? 6? Dawson: Religion and the Rise of Western Culture, p. 27). Strictly speaking, higher education and university system all originated from cathedral schools and monastery schools in the Middle Ages, and their cultural knowledge and various disciplines were also developed on the basis of the "seven arts" of grammar, rhetoric, logic, geometry, mathematics, astronomy and music. The birth of city universities in the 12th century brought about profound changes in academic life and education system in western society. The original universities were not organized according to the will of the monarch, but by people who were interested in learning. Later, the church took charge of the affairs of universities, issued charters to established universities such as those in Italy, France and England, and cooperated with the nobles who advocated running schools. These universities are mainly specialized. The University of Salerno in Italy is famous for its medicine, and the University of Bologna is famous for compiling the church code and Roman law. At that time, the largest university, the University of Paris, was the center of philosophy and theology, and it was an example to be followed by universities such as Oxford, Cambridge, Prague and Vienna in the late Middle Ages. Will? 6? Duran wrote in his masterpiece "History of World Civilization" that since Aristotle, no educational institution can compare with the influence of Paris University. In three centuries, it not only attracted the largest number of students, but also attracted the most agile and outstanding people, such as abelard, John of Salisbury, Albert the Great, Siegel of brabant and Thomas? 6? 1 Aquinas, Bonaventura, Rogier? 6? 1 bacon, dance? 6? 1 Scott, William? 6? 1 ockham, etc., almost constituted the history of philosophy from 11 to 14. And these great scholars must be created by those great teachers in an atmosphere that stirs people's minds and reaches the peak of civilization in human history. From the perspective of European history, the emergence and development of various educational systems, institutions and facilities are inseparable from the Christian church. Some systems established by medieval universities, such as specifying the courses that students must study, using textbooks, and awarding degrees to students after graduation, have been inherited in western higher education to this day. In literature, most of the church literature works in the early Middle Ages were hymns and plays describing the life of Christ and saints. 6? 1 Aquinas and others have done this kind of creation. As for the heroic epics prevailing in the Middle Ages, the most famous ones are: Spanish poema de mio cid, French Song of Roland, German Song of Nibelungen, Russian Expedition of Igor, etc., all of which are deeply influenced by Christianity, and most of them show a heroic spirit of seeking unity and resisting foreign aggression in the form of Christian struggle against paganism. For example, the Russian heroic epic "The Expedition of Igor" has a strong sense of patriotism and religion, and the protagonist is fighting for the interests of the Orthodox Church. Marx commented: "The whole poem has the nature of heroism and Christianity, although the factors of polytheism are still very obvious." In addition, knight literature prevailed in the Middle Ages, which was a literary expression of the cultural concept, spiritual personality and life ideal of the knight class. This kind of works take loyalty to the monarch, religious belief and chivalry as the creed, praising the dedication of knights to fight for honor, faith and love, and suggesting the tragic theme of how primitive vitality can compete with asceticism. Knight lyric poetry, knight story poetry and knight legend are three main types of knight literature. For example, The Story of Alexander adopts 12-syllable verse, also known as "Alexandrian verse", which is a famous verse in French poetry. With the rise of cities and civic classes, civic culture is gradually taking shape. After entering the 12th century, urban literature, a literary work created by citizens, began to develop and became the fourth literary form in the Middle Ages following church literature, heroic epic and knight literature. Just like Cervantes' Don who fought against windmills? 6? 1 Quixote, in a whole thousand years, westerners have been unable to get rid of the profound contradiction between spirit and body. They are both painful and helpless to fight endlessly with everything around them, including themselves. This contradiction between divinity and secularity is most fully manifested in Dante's Divine Comedy, the last poet in the Middle Ages. It takes Christian heaven and hell as its theme and is full of theological allusions. It takes Christian theology as its highest guiding ideology, but takes the pagan Virgil as the guide. It not only worships Christian afterlife, but also eulogizes real life in its works. Christian literature, especially the Bible, has a lasting influence on European and American literature. Many great thinkers, writers and artists have drawn nutrition from the Bible and looked for materials. Chaucer's masterpiece Canterbury Tales in the 14th century, The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare in the 16th century, Samson and Paradise Lost by Milton in the 17th century, Pilgrim's Progress by Bunyan, an essayist, and Thomas? 6? Yue Se and His Brothers are all based on the Bible. Thus, the Bible has become an inexhaustible source of European and American literature. In music, Christianity should show God's love, which forms an emotional communication between God and human beings, and music is the most appropriate expression of this emotion. Of all the religions in the world, only Christianity has the most musical works and the highest and fastest development level of music. In the late Roman Empire, church music began to form a unique system of praising poems. In the Middle Ages, Christian holy plays and sacred music were the main body of European music. At that time, many composers, singers and music theorists emerged in the church. For example, in the 6th century A.D., Pope Gregory I spent more than ten years selecting many typical tunes and formulating many singing rules, forming a Gregorian ode with simple tone and beautiful melody, which has been commonly used in mass ceremonies of the Catholic Church so far. It is a "Gregorian chant", representing the impersonal spiritual power of the church, and is generally recognized as a model of classical music in Europe. In the course of its development, Christian music also made use of the chivalrous culture at that time, the ballads of French bard, and the lyric poems of German poets, so as to expand the influence of Christianity. At the same time, the multi-voice religious songs known as "Olganon" were born. By the 17th century, Protestant Christian music had created the form of oratorio. The masterpiece Messiah by Handel, the master of modern oratorio, became the most influential, widespread and popular oratorio with its large-scale chorus, beautiful recitation and smooth and comfortable aria. In the 18th century, Bach, a world-famous master in European music, created chants, cantatas, classic songs and passion songs, in order to "spread God's word widely and develop religious music to an unprecedented height", which made the musical style of "Baroque" reach its peak. It can be seen that church music not only established the mode, method and style for medieval European music, but also laid a solid foundation for modern European and American secular music, such as symphony and opera.