Techniques and methods for answering modern literary reading test questions
1. Basic essentials: grasp the overall situation, grasp key sentences, and find answers in the text 2. Steps: (Read the article *** twice )
First pass: Read the whole article and get a general understanding. First, roughly read the full text as a whole and get a rough idea of ??the article; when reading, underline the words and sentences that you think are important based on your feelings; [you can do it a little faster]
The second time: review the meaning of the question and read back original. Read the question once, determine the reading range to answer the question, and then combine it with the test question (follow the vines) to find the relevant paragraphs and sentences, intercept the key text; find or summarize the answer (pick the melon). [It is advisable to read slowly, carefully, and read back and check]
Finally: clarify the key points and answer the questions carefully. According to the requirements of answering questions, process, transform, summarize and refine. (Use key words in the original text as much as possible to answer the questions) A detailed explanation of the three steps to answer the modern text reading questions:
The first step is to read the entire article and gain a general understanding.
For the first time, read the entire text roughly and roughly understand the main idea of ??the article, so that you have a good idea. So what should we roughly understand about the article?
1. Understand the general content of the article. Who? What's up? What scene? What thing? What topic? How to write it? Why write this? What do you think? 2. Understand the general structure and main ideas of the article. Understand what are the basic elements of narrative in an article (
What are the people, events, time, and place described)? What are the author's emotional changes? What are the materials? How is it arranged?
How does the article transition? Figure out the clues, order, level, etc. of the article. 3. Understand the thoughts, feelings, and themes of the article.
Notes: Use the following methods to achieve the above purpose:
1. Grasp the key words and sentences in the article. Key words and sentences in the article: title, opening sentence, concluding sentence, independent paragraph sentence, central sentence, aphorism, metaphorical sentence, continuous question sentence, transitional sentence, lyrical sentence, argumentative sentence, recurring words and sentences, key related words (such as Words at the beginning of paragraphs: Not only... but also...
Because not to mention but yet
Therefore), etc., special attention should be paid to those words that reflect the author's position and point of view, and reflect the deep content and connotation of the article. Richer, more vivid words and phrases. Note that the main idea of ??the article is often hidden in these sentences. Some prose uses techniques such as supporting things to express aspirations and symbols, which are quite obscure. We can also find clues from these words and sentences.
2. Clarify the structure of the article.
It is easier to grasp the ideological content of the article by starting from the structural form. In other words, once the structural level is clarified, it is easier to understand the central idea of ??the article. From this point of view, clarifying the structure is the basis for narrative reading.
To clarify the structure of the narrative, you can proceed from the following aspects.
(l) Find out the clues of the article. The clue forms of narratives include: using time and space transfer as clues, using one person, one thing, and one thing as clues.
When reading an article, try to find the clues of the article so that you can follow it to understand the paragraph hierarchy.
(2) Clarify the order of the articles. The order of narrative requires us to master the three sequential methods of narration, flashback and interlude.
Sequential narration means writing in the chronological order of the occurrence, development and ending of events. Such as "The Emperor's New Clothes". Flashback means that when narrating, things that happened later are written in the front, and things that happened first are written in the back. Interludes: such as "Antelope Wood Carving"
When reading, pay attention to the starting and ending points of flashbacks and interludes, which will be helpful to find narrative clues and grasp the structure of the article.
(3) Clarify the level of the article. Clarifying the levels of an article is an important part of clarifying its structure.
(4) Grasp the details of the article. When selecting and using materials, the article should be both detailed and brief.
The second step is to review the meaning of the question and read back the original text.
After we have an overall grasp of the article, we then read the question stems carefully, find out the question points of each question, read back the original text, and match the question stems with the article, then read back the original text. What are the methods and steps?
1. Find the relevant areas of the original text that correspond to the topic. See which paragraphs or areas in the text the question refers to, and which sentences are related to it. 2. Connect with the context and grasp key phrases. As long as you identify the relevant areas in the original text and carefully understand the context, you can accurately grasp the key phrases. The answers to most questions can be found in the original text. 3. Analyze and synthesize, and follow the vine to pick the melons. Find the relevant key paragraphs and sentences based on the test questions (Shun Teng), deeply understand the article, analyze and synthesize, and summarize the answer (Pick the Melon).
The third step is to clarify the key points and answer the questions carefully.
1. Quote the original text. If the question requires quoting the original text to answer the question, directly find the answer and write it down carefully.
2. Grasp the corresponding key phrases. If there is no explicit requirement to quote the original text to answer the question, you cannot mechanically copy sentences from the original text. Generally speaking, some key words and sentences involved in the answer are in the original text. We should seize these important words and sentences and carry out effective extraction, editing, summary, reorganization, and induction.
3. Organize your answers in language. First sort out several key points according to the score, and then answer. When answering questions, you should closely follow the meaning of the question, try to include the corresponding key words in the text, choose appropriate sentence patterns, choose an appropriate angle to answer, that is, answer the question how you ask, and rearrange and combine the known information in the text according to the requirements of the question. , so that the answers are sufficient, in place, accurate and organized. But there are still some questions that cannot be answered by simply reorganizing the language of the article, so you need to organize and express your own understanding in your own language.
4. There are also some questions that appear in the form of multiple-choice questions, so we need to understand the rules of incorrect option settings for such questions (such as taking words out of context, changing concepts, unclear scope, making things out of nothing, imposing cause and effect, accidental There must be no intentional confusion), just compare the options one-to-one with the relevant sentences in the original text, and make accurate judgments and choices.
Answer pattern for modern reading questions
1. Summary questions:
(1) Summarize the content of the article: According to the basic elements of the narrative (behavior, experience ) or the plot of the novel or the words and deeds of the characters or the emotional changes of the author, screen the materials and combine the answers.
Example:
◆Please use Zhu Dan’s words and actions as development clues to summarize the main plot of the novel. (No more than 80 words) (5 points)
◆Please briefly describe "my strange experience". (No more than 60 words)
The general operation idea is:
1. Summarize based on the central sentence. The concretization of the content of an article usually takes the form of narration, discussion or explanation around a certain center. Therefore, by grasping the central sentence, it grasps the specific gist.
2. Summarize by refining key points and key phrases. In some articles, it is difficult to find the central sentence that hints at the gist of the specific content, so it is necessary to extract the relevant key points.
3. Summarize by identifying correlations. The specific content of any article is a whole composed of parts. Starting from the relationship between parts, that is, identifying the correlation between sentences or paragraphs, is an important way to summarize. For example, Zhu Ziqing's "Spring" has 10 natural paragraphs in the full text, except for the natural paragraphs ①② which are "looking forward to spring", the natural paragraphs ⑧⑨⑩ which are "sending spring", and the natural paragraphs ③ to ⑦ which are "painting spring". Why is the natural section from ③ to ⑦ called "Huichun"? ③The natural paragraph writes spring grass, ④The natural paragraph writes spring flowers, ⑤The natural paragraph writes spring breeze, ⑥The natural paragraph writes spring rain, and ⑦The natural paragraph writes welcoming spring. Taking them all together, it is not difficult to find that the author describes spring from all aspects, so we can summarize the content of the natural paragraphs ③ to ⑦ as "painting spring".
4. Provide an overview by leading and concluding. Taking the lead is to grasp the beginning of the specific content; to connect the end is to connect the end of the specific content. By summarizing from beginning to end, the gist of the content emerges. Please see paragraph 10 of Wei Wei's "My Teacher". To summarize the content of this passage, we can connect the first sentence and the last sentence, and the gist of the content can be summarized. The gist of its content is: The loving, great and just Teacher Cai occupied "my" heart at that time.
5. If you want to ask about the main idea of ??a certain paragraph: look for the central sentence, pay attention to the first sentence and the last sentence of the paragraph. (If there is no central sentence) Summarize the meaning of the paragraph: This paragraph (general or specific) writes "who - what". (or "What - how")
(2) Questions on summarizing the central meaning 1. Methods of summarizing the central meaning
⑴ Grasp the question. The title is the "eye" of the article. The title of the article can always convey the theme of the article explicitly or implicitly. "Praise to Poplar"
⑵ A sentence that captures the material in the text and directly tells the reader the central meaning. For example, "One Side"
⑶ Seize the topic sentences and key sentences in the beginning and end paragraphs of the article that hint at the central meaning, which are generally lyrical and argumentative sentences. For example, "Who is the cutest person" and "Yilu Pear Blossom"
⑷ Summarize the central meaning through structural analysis. Connect the main ideas of each part of the article together, make a comprehensive summary, and then point out the thoughts, feelings, and attitudes expressed by the author. For example, "Lychee Honey"
⑸ Start with the background of the times. Good articles are marked by the times. Analyze the author's writing background.
For example, "Kite"
2. There is a commonly used format at the center of summary narratives:
This article narrates (describes) the story (deeds, processes, events, scenery) of... , expresses (reflects, praises, exposes, criticizes) the thoughts (character, spirit, essence) of... and expresses the author's feelings.
(3) Questions about the structure of the article
1. Ask about the structural form of the article and paragraphs:
Pay attention to the total score (A total score, B score total , C total score); layered type; parallel type; comparative type.
2. Ask for clues in the article: pay attention to the words that appear many times in the article.
3. Ask about the order of the articles. (1) The order of narrative requires us to master the three sequential methods of narration, flashback and interlude.
Sequential narration means writing in the chronological order of the occurrence, development and ending of events. Such as "The Emperor's New Clothes". Flashback means that when narrating, things that happened later are written in the front, and things that happened first are written in the back. The flashback method tells the ending of the matter first, which attracts readers to eagerly understand the cause and process. The contrast is more obvious and the impression is deeper. For example, Zhu De's article (Remembering My Mother) uses a flashback method, writing out the results first, and then writing! The reminiscences of my mother are very natural and attractive. The flashback method is suitable for those with moving and distinctive endings, which must be able to arouse the reader's interest and conform to the ideas of reading and writing. Interludes: such as "Antelope Wood Carving"
When reading, pay attention to the starting and ending points of flashbacks and interludes, which will be helpful to find narrative clues and grasp the structure of the article.
(2) Expository order:
Time order, spatial order, logical order (phenomenon - essence, cause - result, whole - part, summary - specific, characteristics ——Purpose, main-secondary, total-point)
4. Ask about the level of the article. There are generally the following methods for analyzing structural levels:
Articles that focus on writing about things: 1. Analyze according to the time sequence of occurrence and development of events; 2. Convert analysis according to the place where the incident occurred;
3. Analyze events according to their stages of development.
Articles mainly about people: 1. Analysis according to the stages of character growth; 2. Analyze according to the different locations where the characters are located;
3. Analyze according to different conditions that express different character traits of characters; 4. Analyze the changes in the characters' emotions.
Articles mainly about scenery: 1. Changes in the observation points of people observing scenery, that is, spatial change analysis;
2. Changes in different scenery at different times, that is, time change analysis.
5. Ask about the details of the article. When selecting and using materials, narratives should have priority and order, and be detailed and brief. Detailed writing and abbreviation refer to the processing of article materials. When we write an article, after the topic is determined, we must select composition materials based on the central idea of ????the topic, and then process these materials in detail so that everyone can find their place and make the best use of their talents. Whether the article is well written or not depends largely on how well the material is handled. Proper handling of materials refers to the reasonable arrangement of materials in terms of structure, weight and detail, and length.
The materials written in detail and fully used must be closely related to the central idea of ??the article and can clearly and fully highlight the central idea. If these materials are written in detail, concretely and vividly, they can deepen the reader's understanding of the article. impressed and impressed. When reading narratives, you must understand what is written in detail and what is written briefly, and understand the author's writing intention and grasp the key points and center of the article.
2. Questions on understanding and savoring words and sentences
1. Questions on phonetic notation and interpretation: The "accumulation and application" part generally tests the phonetic notation and interpretation of words, and the memorization and application of idioms and famous sayings. , this type of questions requires you to accumulate more words and bits of knowledge. For unfamiliar words that you have never seen before, you can try to figure out and analyze them based on the context (context).
2. Ask what the demonstrative pronoun "this, that" refers to: find the answer from the text before the pronoun.
3. Ask whether a certain word can be removed, or change the problem-solving mode of another word type:
A. The answer is yes or no; (generally no, especially original text in the book).
B.
Explain the meaning of the word, compare the difference in meaning between the two words, and analyze why the word is used in combination with the sentence (emphasis, restriction, explanation or modification + The specific expression effect of the sentence, which expression effect is better and can express something or a certain characteristic more vividly or appropriately)
C. How does the context change if it is not used or replaced (if it is not used, it cannot reflect the accuracy of the language) , rigorous, vivid, vivid or inconsistent with the facts or too absolute, used to reflect the accuracy, vividness, vividness or rigor of the language)
4. Taste words:
A. Analyze what rhetorical techniques are used, such as metaphors, personification, etc. If not, do not write this point.
B. Surface meaning (surface meaning) and expression effect (vividly written... characteristics)
C. Deep meaning (contacted with context, Theme, author's intention, what truth, thoughts, feelings, etc. it contains) affirmed/praised/praised/sung or criticized/satisfied/denied/refuted, or gave it to us. . . . . . . Impressions, revelations, principles, etc.
5. Ask whether the positions of key words and sentences in the article can be exchanged:
A. Can
B. Words: explain two words respectively. Sentence: briefly summarize the content of these two paragraphs or two parts
C. Words: why the order is arranged in this way (emphasis on one of them is consistent with the previous order or consistent with collocation habits, the internal order)
Sentence: Point out the relationship between these two sentences, so they cannot be interchanged (if it is an expository text, it will be considered a chronological order, a spatial order, or a logical order; if it is other styles, it will be considered a parallel, hierarchical, or total score)
3. Understand and taste segment questions 1. Understand the functions of sentences and paragraphs:
(Three aspects should be considered)
First, from the structure, often A connects the previous to the next, transitions, B leads the whole text, opens the following, or C summarizes the previous;
Secondly, in terms of writing techniques, A often opens the chapter with a topic, B sets the foreshadowing for the following text, and C foreshadows the following text. , D deepens the center, E points out the main idea (the finishing touch) F, sets off G, exaggerates H echoes, echoes I contrasts J symbolizes K first suppresses and then increases,
L has the characteristics of foreboding.
The third aspect is the content (the symbolic meaning and metaphorical meaning of the language, the expression of the character’s thoughts and personality, and the illumination of the ideological meaning of the full text)
2. Talk about writing techniques and functions
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①Environmental description: The role of social environment description: explaining the background of the times, social customs, ideas and relationships between people
Natural environment (including the location, season, and climate of the characters’ activities) , time and scenery, scene) functions: explain the time background, exaggerate the atmosphere, express a certain character of the character, highlight a certain mood of the character, promote the development of the plot, and deepen the theme
②Character description: (language, action, appearance, demeanor, psychology ) expresses certain thoughts, feelings or certain character traits of the character
③The functions of contrast, rhetorical questions, parallelism, etc. highlight or emphasize the ×× characteristics of the object. Parallelism: enhances the momentum.
④The functions of metaphor, personification, exaggeration, etc. A. Metaphor and personification compare the similarities between two objects; B. Vividly express (describe) the ×× characteristics of the object
⑤The function of symbol symbolizes a certain spirit (quality, thought) of the thing
Example:
◆The following is a description of the protagonist Zhu Dan. According to the meaning of the text, its expressive functions are pointed out respectively. . (4 points)
① A black brocade dress seemed to bind him tightly like a plum tree. (implying Zhu Dan’s deep condolences for the compatriots who died in the Nanjing Massacre)
② Carefully take out his wooden flute from the velvet cover. (Be careful to show Zhu Dan’s love for national music)
3 questions about the expression method and function of narratives
The expression method of narratives is mainly narrative. It can also be used to describe, discuss, explain, and express emotions. ①The lyricism in narratives can be either direct or indirect. Direct lyricism is to directly express one's thoughts and feelings about things on the basis of narrative. Indirect lyricism includes expressing emotions through scenery, placing feelings on people, things, and things, and naturally permeating the author's emotions between the lines of the narrative description.
② Appropriate interspersed discussions in narratives often make the article more beautiful and the finishing touch, especially the discussion at the end of the article. Even using one or two sentences of discussion between paragraphs can also play a wonderful role in connecting the previous and the next.
4. Ask about the writing characteristics of the article: You can consider it from the aspects of article selection, structural layout, language, conception, etc., and combine it with the writing method of the article.
1. Material selection: The materials are typical and real, the details are appropriate, and the center is expressed and highlighted.
2. Structural layout: The layout is reasonable, clever, and rigorous in structure.
< p> 3 Language: simple or vivid, vivid, accurate; bold or graceful; fresh or dignified; straightforward or implicit or fluent, the use of rhetoric, etc.4. Intention: Profound and novel thinking, seeing the big from the small, rich in philosophy, etc.
5. Evaluate and appreciate the characters and the purpose of the article (talk about your understanding of the characters and themes)
◆Read the entire text, screen out important information, and analyze the implications from the words and deeds of the characters spirit or quality. The answer can be composed like this: the XX (words or actions) in the article express the spirit (quality, character, thought
personality) of the character XX.
◆ Generally speaking, the answer consists of three parts. The first half of A briefly summarizes the content of the article, which can be expressed as follows: ① The article is narrated through...; ② The article is written from... (something) , using...
The second part of B summarizes the ideological meaning contained in the content of the article, which can be expressed as follows: express, reveal, criticize, praise
Admonish... (a certain ideological principle). Sometimes the question can become part of the answer and is necessary.
C. State which point of view you agree with and explain the reasons. Based on the overall perception of the text, find sentences in the text that can express the author's emotions and sentences about the topic of the article, and respond based on specific materials. (2003 "The Mystery of the Oak Number")
6. Ask about your feelings, experiences, and actions in a specific situation in the article.
A. Point out the ideological meaning and truth contained in this specific situation;
B. Talk about your feelings, experiences, and actions based on specific examples in the article, and explain the reasons.
C Summarize your opinions
7. Ask about your understanding, experience, inspiration, and insights after reading: Pay attention to the correctness and health of your opinions, and make sure your words are reasonable.
Answer the questions in order of total score: A. What you gained, experienced, and understood from the article can be answered by finding sentences in the article that express the author's emotions and the theme of the article.
B Use specific examples and materials in the text and life to give examples and explain the reasons
C So what should we do?
1. Basic knowledge of junior high school Chinese Summary of points
Part One
1. Two common narrative clues: object line and love line.
2. Two types of language: spoken language and written language.
3. Two ways of argumentation: establishing an argument and refuting an argument.
4. Two explanation languages: plain and vivid.
5. Two types of expository essays: expository essays on affairs and expository essays on things.
6. Two types of environment description: description of natural environment--to highlight the mood of the characters and exaggerate the atmosphere.
7. Description of social environment-explain the background of the times.
8. Two forms of arguments: factual arguments and rational arguments.
Part 2
1. Three types of persons: first person, second person, and third person.
1. Three emotional colors: complimentary, derogatory, and neutral.
2. Three elements of a novel: characters (determine the main characters based on whether they can express the theme and idea of ??the novel) plot (beginning/development/climax/ending) environment (natural environment/social environment.)
< p>3. Characters mainly master the reading skills of depicting characters through appropriate description methods and angles, and reflecting the characters' thoughts and personalities.4. Plot mainly involves understanding the basic content of each part and the methods and techniques for understanding and analyzing the plot of the novel.
5. The beginning explains the background and prepares the ground for what follows.
Example: The beginning of "Kong Yiji" describes the layout of Xianheng Hotel and the interactions between two types of drinkers with different identities and statuses (short-shirted gangs and long-shirted patrons), explaining the great disparity between the rich and the poor at that time. The social background of class opposition paved the way for the appearance of the special character Kong Yiji below.
6. Development Describe characters and reflect personality.
Example: The development part of "Kong Yiji" narrates the first time Kong Yiji went to Xianheng Hotel to drink and was ridiculed by others. By depicting Kong Yiji's portrait, expression, movements, language, etc., it reveals his poverty and poverty. , self-deception, pedantic and ridiculous, desperate to save face, indolent and indolent ideological character.
7. Climax expresses conflict and reveals the theme.
Example: The climax of "Kong Yiji" narrates the last time Kong Yiji went to the Xianheng Hotel to drink and was ridiculed by others. It reflects Ding Juren's domineering and nefarious intentions from the side and depicts Kong Yiji's physical disability from the side. The character is weak, showing his tragic experience, thus profoundly exposing the evils of the feudal imperial examination system.
8. The ending deepens the theme and leaves you thinking.
Example: The ending of "Kong Yiji" uses a group of meaningful words such as "approximately" and "certainly", which not only adds a tragic meaning to Kong Yiji's tragic fate, but also leaves readers with endless thoughts. thinking.
9. Environment Mainly understand the role of the natural environment and social environment.
The natural environment describes the natural landscape, exaggerates the atmosphere, sets off emotions, predicts the fate of characters, reveals the nature of society, and promotes plot development.
Example 1: The climax of "Kong Yiji" exaggerates the desolate atmosphere by describing the sad scenes of autumn, and foreshadows the tragic ending of Kong Yiji's imminent death.
Example 2: The climax and ending of "My Uncle Jules" describe two contrasting sea scenes, respectively setting off the characters' joy and loss and depression.
Example 3: The full text of "Under the Scorching Sun and Heavy Rain" strives to describe the scorching sun and violent storms. It not only promotes the development of the plot step by step, but also expresses the tragic fate of the cart puller who is inferior to the horse and the beast, which is more profound. It reveals the harshness of society at that time.
Social environment describes social conditions, explains the background of the story, reveals the nature of society, and foreshadows the following content.
Example: The beginning of "Kong Yiji" describes the layout of Xianheng Hotel and the situation of the drinkers, explaining the social reality of class opposition and disparity between rich and poor at that time, and provides the basis for the special character Kong Yiji below. The appearance paved the way.
10. Three elements of argumentative essay: argument, argument, and demonstration.
11. There are three parts to the structure of an argumentative essay: raising a question (introduction), analyzing the problem (thesis), and solving the problem (conclusion).
12. Three explanation orders: temporal order, spatial order, and logical order.
13. Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence, and tact.
14. There are three orders of narration: forward narration, flashback, and interlude narration. (Supplementary narration is a type of intervening narration).
Part Three
1. Four literary genres: novels, poetry, drama, and prose.
2. The four uses of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and exclamatory sentences.
3. The plot of the novel has four parts: beginning, development, climax, and ending.
Part 4
1. Five methods of argumentation: example argumentation, logical argumentation, metaphorical argumentation, comparative argumentation, and citation argumentation.
2. Five ways of expression: narrative, description, explanation, lyricism, and discussion.
3. Five uses of quotation marks: ① to express quotation ② to express sarcasm or negation
③ to express a specific title ④ to express emphasis or highlight ⑤ special meaning
4. Five uses of dashes: ① Indicates comments ② Indicates interruption ③ Indicates interruption or continuation of sound ④ Indicates topic change ⑤ Indicates progression of meaning
Part 5
1. Six A logical sequence: ① General ← → Individual ② Phenomenon ← → Essence ③ Cause ← → Result ④ Summary ← → Specific ⑤ Part ← → Whole ⑥ Main ← → Secondary
2. Six elements of narrative: time, Places, people, causes, processes and consequences of events.
3. Six methods of character description: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description, and expression description.
4. Six types of incorrect sentences: ① Incomplete components ② Improper collocation ③ Improper use of related words ④ Inconsistency ⑤ Improper word order ⑥ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions)
5. Ellipses Six ways to use: ① to express the omission of content ② to express the intermittent language ③ to express the unfinished speech due to grabbing the vernacular ④ to express conflicting mood ⑤ to express jumping thoughts ⑥ to express thinking in progress
Part 6
< p>1. Explanation methods: give examples, make analogies, make comparisons, list numbers, classify, define, and make quotations.2. Seven phrase types: parallel phrases, partial phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, complement phrases, idiom phrases, and preposition-object phrases. < /p>
2. Eight commonly used rhetorical methods: ①Metaphor - make the language image vivid and add color to the language.
②Personification--write things as if they were people, making the language vivid.
③Exaggeration - to highlight a certain thing or emphasize a certain feeling.
④ Parallelism--enhance the momentum of language and enhance the effect of expression.
⑤ Duality - Make the language concise and neat.
⑥Quote--enhance the persuasiveness of language.
⑦Ask questions--to attract readers' attention and thinking.
⑧Rhetorical question - plays the role of emphasis and enhances the affirmative (negative) tone.
3. Ten commonly used writing techniques: symbolism, contrast, foil, foil, foreshadowing, anaphora (echoing), direct (indirect) description, promotion and suppression (suppression before promotion, promotion before suppression) , borrow scenes to express emotions, and borrow objects to metaphor people.
Symbols express the essential characteristics of a certain person and a certain social phenomenon through a specific image of a certain characteristic.
Example: "Praise to the Poplar"
The majesty, integrity, simplicity, and gentle yet strong inner style of the poplar tree not only "symbolizes the northern farmers, but especially the The simple, strong and progressive spirit that is indispensable in our national struggle today."
The other body is used to set off the main body from both the front and back angles, highlighting the main features of the main body.
Example: "Praise to Poplar"
The beginning describes the growth environment of poplar trees---the majesty of the northwest plateau, which sets off the tall image of poplar trees standing proudly.
Contrast compares two opposite things or two opposite aspects of a thing, and clearly highlights the characteristics of the main thing or the main aspects of the thing.
Example: "Petrel"
Contrast the tall image of petrel with the cowardly image of sea ducks, seagulls and penguins to highlight the distinctive characteristics of petrel's bravery and courage to fight.
Scenery expression expresses the author's sincere thoughts and feelings by describing specific and vivid natural scenes or life scenes.
Example: "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore"
The article vividly describes the full-sounding and interesting landscape of Baicao Garden and the boring life scenes of Sanwei Bookstore from different angles and levels, expressing The author loves nature, loves free and happy life, and is dissatisfied with the thoughts and feelings of feudal education that restricts children's physical and mental development.
Use objects to describe people, highlight their characteristics, and use metaphors to express the author's noble thoughts and sentiments.
Example: "Praise to the Poplar"
The poplar tree is used as a metaphor for the military and civilians of the north, and the characteristics of the poplar tree as upright, simple, serious, upright, and striving for the top are used as a metaphor for the military and civilians of the north for the liberation of our country. The tenacious spirit of fighting and fighting for the cause.
First suppress and then promote, first deny or belittle the image of the thing, then deeply explore the characteristics and inner meaning of the thing, and then affirm and praise the thing, emphasizing the characteristics of the thing more prominently.
Example: "Praise to Poplar"
First he said that Bai Yang is not a "good woman", and then praised him as a "great husband", which further emphasized the appearance of Bai Yang. Image and inner charm