European independence and cooperation alliance of sovereign States are the direct reflection of Gaullism's idea of safeguarding national independence and sovereignty in the European perspective. On the one hand, what Charles de Gaulle pursues is that France, as an independent nation-state, should play a great role in the world, and the French nation and country should have the status of a world power and cannot be enclosed in a supranational European Federation. On the other hand, Charles de Gaulle was worried that if the sovereignty was abandoned, European countries would inevitably lead to the subordination of the country to this institution. There is no doubt that he is worried about America. It is precisely because of this concern that De Gaulle not only resolutely opposes supranational integration, but also explicitly proposes to build a "European Europe".

(2) the relationship between the United States and Britain

In Charles de Gaulle's eyes, Britain is the spokesman of the United States in Europe, a "nail" and a "Trojan horse" that he wants to put in Europe. He can't allow America to use Britain to set foot in Europe. 1963 and 1967, Britain's application to join the EU was rejected by France twice.

In Gaullism, the European Federation opposes supranational integration, while the United States opposes controlling Europe and advocates Europe in Europe. In this European view, the principle of safeguarding national independence and national sovereignty has only one purpose, that is, to strive for France's status as a great power. In Charles de Gaulle's foreign policy thought and practice, being in Europe is an important part of France's struggle for great power status. Because only by gaining a firm foothold in Europe and establishing France's leading image in Europe can we talk about the status of a big country. Imagine, if France can't stand in the forefront of Europe, can it still stand in the forefront of the world?

In order to play a leading role in Europe, neither the United States nor Britain can be involved recently. As long as Germany is firmly restricted, the rest of the countries will be easy to handle.

(3) Relations with Germany:

According to de Gaulle's original idea, Germany after defeat should be dismembered into several small countries, so that it can never become a new threat to its neighbors. However, the post-war strategic arrangement of the United States and Britain and the subsequent cold war pattern forced him to accept the fact that Germany was included in the joint organization and controlled by the Schumann plan. After Charles de Gaulle returned to power in 1958, he fully realized the importance of the European issue and the relationship between France and Germany from the overall strategic goal of Gaullism, that is, safeguarding national independence and national sovereignty and striving for France's status as a great power. 1963 65438+1On October 22nd, with the efforts of Charles de Gaulle and Adenauer for several years, France and Germany signed a Franco-German cooperation treaty in Paris. Since then, the so-called "Franco-German axis" has been formed.

(4) Relations with the Soviet Union:

France's policy towards the Soviet Union at that time also reflected Gaullism's desire to oppose hegemony and demand independence from the United States in the 1960s.

In Charles de Gaulle's view, the Soviet Union, like the United States, is a hegemonic country, and believes that the strength, opposition and hegemony of these two great powers threaten the whole world. In all the classics of Gaullism, there is no change that the Soviet Union is a "totalitarian dictatorship produced by * * *". Its essence is expansion, which is the view of the western "free world" and the enemy. It is precisely because of this that France can only belong to the western camp and has always been a member of this alliance. At the critical moment of East-West confrontation, such as the Berlin crisis that started in 1958 and the Cuban missile crisis in 1962, France firmly stood on the side of its allies. But the situation has changed after all, and so has the Soviet Union. In de Gaulle's eyes, from the structural point of view, there have been discord and even cracks within the eastern camp; Ideologically, the Soviet Union is also seeking peace and avoiding war. The problem is that world peace and avoiding the end of war cannot be achieved by the two great powers, the United States and the Soviet Union. If they only dominate the world, they will only bring greater danger to the world. Every country should play its part, especially France, which should play a "positive role".

(5) Relationship with China:

Charles de Gaulle advocated "relaxation and cooperation" between the East and the West, visited the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, and began to conduct trade and cultural exchanges with the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. 1964 65438+ 10, France declared the establishment of diplomatic relations with the people of China despite the fact that the United States and most of its allies only recognized the Kuomintang government in Taiwan Province province. At the press conference, de Gaulle said: France has to consider the fact that nothing can be done in Asia without China's participation. (In fact, China, which was backward at that time, was not a country that the French attached great importance to).