One: Dig the wall and steal the light.
Pronunciation: zá o bí t not u gu ā ng
Explanation: Kuang Heng in the Western Han Dynasty dug holes in the wall to attract neighbors to study by candlelight. Later, it was used to describe poverty and hard work.
From: Miscellanies of Xijing Volume II: "Kuang Heng's ci is childish, and he studies hard without a candle, but his neighbor has a candle that he hasn't caught. Balance is to send its light through the wall and read it with a book that reflects the light. "
Idiom story:
In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a farmer's child named Kuang Heng. He wanted to study very much when he was a child, but because his family was poor, he couldn't afford to go to school. Later, he learned to read from a relative before he could read. Kuang Heng can't afford books, so he has to borrow books to read. At that time, books were so valuable that people who had books refused to lend them to others easily. During the busy farming season, Kuang Heng worked as a short-term worker for wealthy families and asked them to lend him books for free. A few years later, Kuang Heng grew up and became the main labor force in the family. He works in the field all day, and only has time to read a little book during his lunch break, so it often takes ten days and a half months to finish reading a book. Kuang Heng was in a hurry, thinking: planting crops during the day, no time to read, you can spend more time reading at night. But Kuang Heng's family is too poor to buy oil for lighting. What shall we do One night, Kuang Heng was lying in bed reciting the books he had read during the day. Behind me, I suddenly saw a light coming through the east wall. He stood up and went to the wall to have a look. Ah! It turned out that the neighbor's light came through the cracks in the wall. So Kuang Heng thought of a way: he picked up a knife and dug several cracks in the wall. In this way, the light coming through is also very big, so he gathered the light coming through and began to read. Kuang Heng studied so hard that he became a learned man.
Second: Fireflies reflect snow.
Pronunciation: náng yíng yìng Xuì
Commentary: It turns out that Che Yin takes care of books with fireflies in his pocket, while Sun Kang studies hard with the reflection of snow. After that, I described studying hard.
From: Yuan Jia Zhong Ming's Xiao Shulan, the first fold: "Although I have no sweat and sleep, I have suffered from the snow."
Idiom story:
Sun Kang in Jin Dynasty can't read at night, because he has no money to buy lamp oil, so he must go to bed early. He felt it a pity to let time pass in vain.
One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep, turned his head out of the window and found a ray of light in the window. It turned out to be a reflection of heavy snow, which can be used for reading. So he was so tired that he immediately got dressed, took out his book and went outside. The snow reflected on the wide earth is much brighter than the snow in the room. Sun Kang ignored the cold and immediately read a book. His hands and feet were frozen stiff, so he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time. From then on, every snowy night, he never missed this good opportunity and studied tirelessly. This spirit of hard work has promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds and become a knowledgeable person. Later, he became a big official.
Capsule firefly reflecting snow: Jin dynasty was poor when I was a child, and practiced firefly reading in the bag in summer; Snow reflection: Sun Kang in Jin Dynasty often used the reflection of snow to read books in winter. Describe a poor family and study hard. This story originated in Che Yin and Sun Kang in the Jin Dynasty.
Three: Don't be shy about asking questions.
Pronunciation: b chǐXiàwèn
Explanation: I am willing to learn from people with lower knowledge or status than myself without feeling embarrassed.
From: The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang: "Sensitive and studious, not ashamed to ask questions."
Grammar: verb-object type; As subject, predicate and object; With praise, describe asking for advice modestly.
Idiom story:
On one occasion, Confucius went to the Luwang Ancestral Temple to attend the ancestor worship ceremony. He asks people about almost everything from time to time. Someone laughed at him behind his back, saying that he was rude and asked everything. After hearing these comments, Confucius said, "Ask if you don't understand, that's exactly what I want to know."
At that time, there was a doctor in Weiguo named Kong Kui, who was open-minded, eager to learn and upright. At that time, there was a custom in society, that is, after the death of the supreme ruler or other people with status, they were given a title called Shi. According to this custom, after his death, Kong Cong was canonized as "Wen", so people later called him Zi.
Confucius' student Zi Gong was unconvinced. He thought that Confucius also had shortcomings, so he asked Confucius, "Teacher, why can Zi be called Wen?"
Confucius said, "I am quick and eager to learn, and I am not ashamed to ask questions. It is called' Wen'." It means that Kong Cong is smart and diligent, and he is not ashamed to study with people whose positions are lower than himself and whose knowledge is worse than himself, so he can use the word "Wen" as posthumous title.
Four: broken porridge
Pronunciation: du à n jó hu à zhu
Explanation: cut off: cut off; Limulus: Pickled vegetables or pickles, etc. Refers to simple and poor food. Describe poor mechanics.
From: Songshi Wenying's Record of Shan Ye, Hunan Province: "Fan Zhongyan was poor, studied in a monastery in Changbai Mountain, made a porridge, and after staying, took a knife painting as four pieces, two pieces in the morning and two pieces in the evening, and broke dozens of stems for three years."
Grammar: combination; As predicate and attribute; Include praise
Idiom story:
During the Northern Song Dynasty, when Fan Zhongyan was a child, his family was poor. He had to live in a temple, study day and night, and his daily life was very poor. He cooked porridge with two liters of millet, and after the porridge solidified overnight, he divided everything into four pieces with a knife. He ate two pieces in the morning and two pieces in the evening, and then cut some pickles to eat. After studying hard, he was finally admitted to the official. His famous saying is: worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world.