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About 52,000 words. There are Qu Yuan, Su Shi, Du Fu and other cultural and historical celebrities here, as well as the most successful works about them. Especially the works on etiquette from different angles are of great inspiration to students.

Tao Yuanming chose pain - Tao Yuanming wrote "Come Back and Come Back"

Inner Mongolia Second Geological Middle School

Chinese 007

（ 1)

In the first year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an AD (405), on the road from Pengze to Xunyang, a middle-aged man with a strong body and a smile walked towards him. Tao Yuanming in his forties. Shortly after returning home, he wrote the best article in his life, "Returning to Lai Ci". This year he is 41 years old.

This year’s spring in Xunyang seems to have come earlier than in previous years. In the season when it turns warm and cold, the cold wind penetrates people's clothes, raging in the morning and evening. However, Tao Yuanming's mood seemed to be content at this moment, as if he was an old general who had just returned from the battlefield with great honors, content and contented, and his strides were as fast as flying.

We can’t help but be puzzled: Tao Yuanming had great ambitions since he was a child and wanted to achieve an official career. Today, he resigned and returned home without fulfilling his ambition. What was his purpose? Could it be that he has become discouraged and wants to forget the past?

Maybe he really forgot, and not forgetting would only add to his troubles. After all, he is no longer young, and his vitality is not what it used to be. Since entering middle age, the thought of going into seclusion has tormented him from time to time in his mind. This time, his determination will not change no matter what. Frankly speaking, he has had enough of the intrigues in official circles.

After arriving home, Tao Yuanming felt warm in his heart when he saw his youngest son leaning against the door, waiting for him to come back. The joy of family reunion diluted his remaining attachment to the outside world. From then on, he called the paths in the garden "Three Paths" and only interacted with a few friends such as Liu Yimin and Zhou Xuzhi, who were known as Xunyang at that time. When it's time to farm, he does the farming himself and never gets tired of it, just like a hermit who forgets his worries. Later, he wrote a poem to describe his career as an official:

I fell into the dust net by mistake and was gone for thirty years.

Such regret for the past seems to correspond to his current happiness.

(2)

However, in "Come Back and Come Back", we find that the poet was not happy until the end. After reading it carefully, there were sighs and a sense of loss. The soul comes to life on paper.

Regarding fame and fortune, Tao Yuanming knew very well that they were nothing more than passing smoke, and he thought about it. The only thing that bothered him was that no one recognized his ambition and talent. After more than ten years of busy work, he was only given the job of a minor official who offered wine and joined the army. As for the county magistrate, he was merciful. So he returned.

When people are about to die, the poet feels the helplessness of life for the first time after going into seclusion. Standing on this shore of time, the other shore is the past, and everything in the past cannot be retrieved or touched. In other words, the past is dead, life is disappearing, and no one can go back to the past. So, he wrote:

When I get all the good things, I feel grateful for the journey of my life.

How long will it take for you to return to Yuxingyu, and you will not leave or stay at your own discretion?

Talking about the multiplication and returning to the end, Yuefu’s destiny returns to ridicule?

Perhaps, he remembered the words of Confucius: "The dead are like a man, not giving up day and night." Indeed, after the official dream was shattered, the poet's life value could only be placed in nothingness, in the mountains and rivers. .

(3)

Whether it is happiness or pain, it is not important to the poet. Happiness is temporary, pain is buried deep in the heart for a relatively long time, but compared to the river of life, it seems so fleeting and dispersed. In this way, the spiritual destination that the poet is looking for can only be in nature, that is, concentrating on the Tao.

However, the poet sighed:

Wealth and honor are not my wish, and the imperial hometown cannot be expected.

It can be seen that he knows that he cannot achieve true seclusion and complete unity of things and self. So Tao Yuanming chose pain. He was well aware of human frailties and limitations of character, as can be seen from the large number of political poems he wrote later.

It is precisely because of his pain that his position in the history of Chinese literature is even more solemn. This true realm of personality makes many hypocritical scholars ashamed. It is no exaggeration to call it great. As a result, his poems and articles contain more thoughts about life. In the ordinary, philosophy is eternal.

Undoubtedly, his greatness comes from his truth. Ouyang Xiu of the Northern Song Dynasty said: "There are no articles in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, only one article "Returning to the Return"." Just because of his truth and real pain, all the luxurious and unreliable articles of the same period lost their color. This reality makes people dare not face it.

(4)

Democritus said: "One cannot step into the same river twice." Tell the truth about life.

It also reveals the illusion of life.

Tao Yuanming’s pain in life lies in his powerlessness about the future. If you can't succeed, you can only go back. So he found a paradise for his soul, a spiritual highland to realize life. How short-lived and how shallow happiness is, the great Tao Yuanming, the great philosopher!

Argentinian poet Borges has a saying that is still thought-provoking: "Our destiny is not scary because it is not real, our destiny is scary precisely because it is real." In reality. Time is the river that devours me, and I am this river... The sad thing about the world is that it is real, and I am sad because I am Borges."

In fact, Tao Yuanming was like this. He couldn't escape, and he couldn't feel at ease even if he went into seclusion. He also understood that even if he really realized his pursuit in officialdom, it would be nothing more than more emptiness. It would be wise to return to nature one day early and focus on the mountains and rivers. Tao Yuanming struggled with contradictions throughout his life. This declaration of resignation and retirement was the strongest swan song of his soul. Just like Borges, Tao Yuanming must have been thinking when he finished this poem:

The reason why I am pathetic is precisely because I am Tao Yuanming.

Conversation with Tao Yuanming

Brother Tao:

I have long admired your name as the hermit Tao Yuanming, and it is a great honor for me to have the honor to communicate with you today. I would also like to ask you to give me some advice despite your busy schedule.

Recently, I read your masterpiece, and I was deeply shocked by your "not bowing down for five buckets of rice", and deeply impressed by your "not cherishing the clothes you have, but doing nothing if you wish", I am deeply moved by your "leaning against the south window to express your pride, and it is easy to rest your knees when looking at your face", and I am deeply envious of your leisurely "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain".

All of your masterpieces reflect your hatred of the dirty society, and all of your masterpieces reflect your love for a leisurely pastoral life. Wine is your favorite; poetry is your spiritual sustenance; chrysanthemum is the embodiment of your character.

You are not sad when you live in a shabby house, because there is no filth there; you are often hungry but not anxious, because you have spiritual food; your crops are "grass full of grass and bean sprouts are sparse" but not annoying, because your crops Your ambition has not violated your original intention...

I really admire you! Like Brother Tao, I love chrysanthemums very much. Chrysanthemum is the recluse of flowers. But there's something I don't know. Can hiding solve the fundamental problem? Hiding, isn’t it just about escaping? Why not learn from the lotus that "comes out of the mud without being stained, and washes the clear ripples without being evil."? Why isn't it like plum blossoms that "are scattered and crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same."? Instead of blindly escaping, it is better to fight against that filthy society, even if it is just an egg hitting a stone, it will leave an eternal reputation.

I have one more thing to ask Brother Tao. Wine is something that all literati love. Su Shi said: "When will the bright moon come? Ask the sky for wine."

"Cao Mengde drank wine by the river, and composed poems across the river, writing "Yes"