1, by Shi Naian, a novelist in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. A good name, a good word.

2. Genre: chapter novel.

Best of all: China's first novel praising the peasant uprising.

4. Theme: The theme of "officials forcing the people to revolt" is expressed.

5. Content: It describes the whole process of Liangshan heroes from uprising to prosperity to final failure, especially the different life experiences and resistance roads of many rebellious heroes.

6. Reading experience: ① The characters are vivid and vivid; (2) The whole book adopts the chain structure of dividing first and then combining, which makes the stories of the novel interlocking, with numerous and clear clues; (3) Linguistically, the novel uses ancient vernacular, so the language description is vivid and vivid.

7, characters-typical plot-personality characteristics:

Lu (Flower Monk): Punch the town of Kansai, uproot weeping willows and make a scene in the wild pig forest. Hate evil, be chivalrous and awe-inspiring, be crude and meticulous, be brave and resourceful, and be open-minded and reasonable.

Song Wu (Walker): Pan Jinlian, Blood Blade, Ximen Qing, Jiang Menshen, Fei Yunpu, Yuanyang Building and Centipede Ridge. Advocating loyalty, being brave and resourceful, seeking revenge and repaying kindness (deficiency: killing innocent people) are the most bloody and legendary figures among the heroes of the lower class.

Wu Yong (Zhi Duoxing): Intellectually, he has a fertility class. Resourceful, resourceful.

Lin Chong (Leopard Head): On a snowy night, I accidentally broke into Baihutang, a grass burning yard of Fengxueshan Temple, and went to Liangshan. Strong martial arts, brave and good at fighting, but self-disciplined and obedient, was caught up with Liangshan.

Li Kui jy (Black Cyclone): True and False Li Kui jy and Zhongzhou rob the court. Hate evil, chivalrous, quick-tempered, simple-minded, straightforward and upright.

Song Jiang (Timely Rain): He released classical works privately, killed Yan Poxi in a rage and hit Zhujiazhuang three times. He is brave and good at employing people, but he always wants to win people over.

Yang Zhi (green-faced beast): Yang Zhi sells knives, and he is wise to take birth classes. Smart and capable, rude and arrogant.

8, ideological significance:

(1) The Water Margin embodies the ideal of "equality and mutual love". No matter whether the rich are officials or the poor, "they are all brothers and sisters, regardless of rank."

⑵ The Water Margin confirms the truth that "where there is oppression, there is resistance".

9, wonderful story click:

Song Wu killed Ximen Qing, got drunk, hit the keeper, made a scene, spilled blood on the mandarin duck building, and put out the evil centipede ridge. Jia Zhu Zhuang Lu Shen Zhi, the three major cities in Sung River, uprooted weeping willows, punched the town of Kansai, and made a scene of wild boar forest. Wu Yongzhi took a delivery class. Yang Zhi sells knives.

Second, Journey to the West: a fantastic mythical world

1, by Wu Cheng'en, a novelist in the Ming Dynasty.

2. Type: fairy tales

3. Main content: This book mainly tells the stories of the Monkey King's havoc in the Heavenly Palace, the birth of Tang Priest, and the four disciples' pilgrimage to the West, and praises the fearless and indomitable spirit of the four disciples, mainly the Monkey King. It consists of three parts: the Monkey King made a scene in the Heavenly Palace, the birth of Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand to protect Tang Priest. Along the way, I went through hardships and defeated all kinds of monsters. After 81 difficulties, I succeeded completely and finally achieved a positive result.

4. Highlights click: Make a scene in Tiangong, Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Che Chi Guo Dou Fa, Daughter Guo Die, True and False Monkey King, Outwit Hong Haier, Sanyin Banana Fan, etc.

5. Content: It consists of three parts-the Monkey King made a scene in Heaven, the Tang Priest was born, and Tang Priest and the Monkey King went to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures.

6. The image of the Monkey King:

① Known as the Monkey King and Monkey King.

② Birth: Immortal Petrifaction.

③ Skill: Hold a gold hoop of 13500 kg, which can be extended and retracted at will; Can play seventy-two changes; A somersault can turn 108 thousand Li; After 49 days in Taishang Laojun's blast furnace, he didn't die, but he became a pair of critical eyes. Can see through all the monsters in the world.

Personality: unruly, honest, smart and humorous, with clear love and hate, brave and witty.

7, pig eight quit image:

① Life experience: Tian Peng, a former marshal of the celestial world, was demoted to the world because of drunkenness and transferred to Chang 'e. He was born in the wrong place, with a long mouth, big ears and a dull face.

2 personality: lazy, short-sighted, gossiping, smart, lying, taking advantage of others and lusting after women; Loyal, kind, brave, correct mistakes, simple and honest.

8. Artistic features:

(1) is good at telling stories and readable.

(2) He is good at portraying characters, and his image is very vivid.

(3) Full of wild imagination and bold and peculiar exaggeration. 5. Reading experience: ① This novel is good at telling stories and readable; (2) He is good at portraying characters, and his characters, such as the Monkey King and Pig Bajie, are unforgettable; (3) This book is full of imagination and bold exaggeration.

Robinson Crusoe: a lonely and tenacious adventurer.

1, by Defoe, an English novelist.

2. Main content: The novel describes Robinson, who was born in a merchant's family, in a first-person way. Not content with a mediocre life, he longed for an overseas life full of adventures and challenges, so he left home to realize his dream of traveling around the world, but he went through difficulties and obstacles every time. The first part of the novel describes Robinson's three voyages to buy a plantation in Brazil. The second part is the main part of the novel, which describes Robinson's experience of spending 28 years alone on a desert island. The third part describes what happened after he came back from a desert island. The main experience was that he met a wolf on his way back to England from Portugal by land. Servant: Friday.

3. Reading experience: ① The story is wonderful and bizarre; ② The novel shows Robinson's character of daring to take risks and pursuing a free and unrestrained life; ③ The novel's description of life on a desert island in Robinson Crusoe is realistic and natural, showing the author's extraordinary imagination and artistic expression; ④ The whole novel adopts the first-person narration, and the plots are completely connected through the confessions of the characters; ⑤ The language of the novel is clear, simple and vivid.

4. Story about characters: Robinson built his own house, tried hunting, planted millet, domesticated goats and dried wild raisins, groped for tables and chairs, made pottery, and made bread with scarf screens. He also rescued and trained a savage "Friday" and made him his faithful servant. In this way, he established his own material and spiritual "kingdom" on a desert island.

Personality characteristics: Dare to take risks and pursue a free and unrestrained life. Facing the difficulties of life, Robinson's actions show his tenacious character and heroic nature, and reflect the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the emerging bourgeoisie. Robinson has become synonymous with adventurers.

Fourth, "childhood": growing up in suffering

1, by Gorky, a writer from the former Soviet Union (Russia)

2. Main content: The novel tells the story of Aletha's childhood from three to ten years old. From the time when "I" walked with my mother to the time when my grandfather wrote, and finally when my grandfather told me to make a living on earth, it vividly reproduced the life state of the Russian lower class in the 1970s and 1980s. For example, when I first arrived at my grandfather's house, I saw my uncles quarreling, vying for property, and criticizing the selfishness and cruelty of ordinary citizens; Writing "I" lived alone with my grandmother after my mother died, the author portrayed my grandfather's greed and meanness (lunch was as bad as usual on the day he paid; Pay great attention to the concentration of tea poured for him; Even the oil of the ever-burning lamp dedicated to the icon is bought separately), as well as her grandmother's generosity and kindness (she has to pay for good meat; Silently shed tears for the money he earned) and so on.

3. Reading experience: It makes people feel sad but not too heavy. It makes people see light in darkness, kindness in evil, light of human nature in ruthlessness, and great power for people to overcome tragic fate in tragic atmosphere.

4. Character image-typical plot-personality characteristics:

Aletha: Listening to grandma's story, as well as the "good things" of optimistic and simple Zokan, honest old worker grigori and intellectuals who devoted themselves to science, all gave Aletha strength and help, which enabled him to maintain his courage and confidence in life in a dark and dirty environment and gradually grow into a strong, brave, upright and caring person.

Grandma: Just like a bright light brightens Aletha's sensitive and lonely heart, she often tells him some folk stories that sympathize with the poor and praise justice and light. Kindness, kindness, intelligence, ability, love of life, generosity and tolerance.

Grandpa: I often beat my grandmother and children. For example, Alexei was beaten unconscious by him because he dyed a piece of cloth. Cruel exploitation of workers, hiding usury, encouraging helpers to steal. Mean, greedy, bossy and cruel

"I": gradually grow into a strong, brave, honest and caring person.

How steel is tempered: the banner of idealism and the textbook of life.

1, by former Soviet writer ostrovsky

2. Main content: Based on Paul's life experience, the novel shows the vast historical picture of Soviet Russia and the people's hard struggle life from 19 15 to 1930.

3. Reading experience: ① This is a novel with lofty idealism; (2) successfully shaped Paul; Kochakin, a proletarian hero; (3) novels are mainly narrative and description, including inner monologues, letters and diaries, aphorisms and so on. Interspersed among them, the characters are lifelike. ④ The description of scenery, psychology and environment in the novel is also excellent, and the language is concise, beautiful and expressive.

4. Character image-typical plot-personality characteristics:

Paul; Kochagin was a child laborer, and he was tortured and insulted at the lowest level of society since he was a child. Later, under the influence of Zhu, he gradually embarked on the revolutionary road. After that, he experienced a series of life challenges and made himself stronger and stronger. Even when the injury mercilessly took away his health and forced him to lie in the hospital bed, he still did not give in to fate, but wrote with tenacious perseverance and practiced his life oath in another way. Has the spirit of dedication to the ideal, the iron will and the noble quality of tenacious struggle.

5. Paul's famous saying:

Life is the most precious thing for people, and life is only once for us. That's how people should spend their lives. When he looks back on the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of his mediocrity. In this way, when he dies, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind.

6. Whose biography: Great Men Made by Pain and Suffering.

1, by Roman? Roland is a French writer.

2. Main content: A famous French humanitarian writer in the first half of the 20th century. The novel narrates German musician Beethoven, Italian painter and sculptor Michelangelo, Russian writer Lev? Tolstoy praised their noble character and indomitable spirit for their miserable life. Beethoven, whose music was cheered, almost ignored his own difficulties and wrote an immortal ode to joy at the end of his life. Michelangelo, every time he started a project, he was bound to be jealous and resentful by a group of villains. Like Beethoven, he was unmarried for life and could not enjoy true love. He stood with the statue all day until a few days before his death, and finally left a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. Tolstoy had to face the whole aristocratic society and even be excommunicated. At the last moment of his life, he made up his mind to get rid of aristocratic life.

3, reading comprehension: ① Life will inevitably encounter hardships, life is not full of flowers and joy; ② If you want to succeed, you must overcome all kinds of difficulties in real life; (3) to evaluate a person, we should look at his quality and value, not judge a person by his appearance, but by his partiality.

4. Information link:

Beethoven, a German musician, whose famous works include: Symphony of Heroes, Symphony of Destiny, Ode to Joy and so on.

Michelangelo, Italian painter and sculptor. Famous works include: David, Genesis, etc.

(3) Leo? Tolstoy, Russian writer. Famous works include: Resurrection, Anna? Karenin Na, War and Peace, etc.

Seven | "Stars" and "Springs": Motherly love? Childlike? nature

1, Author: Bing Xin's poem was written under the influence of the Indian poet Tagore's Birds. The content includes praise for maternal love and innocence, worship and praise for nature, thinking and understanding of life and so on.

2. Genre: Poetry ("short poems")

3. Cause: It was written under the influence of the Indian poet Tagore's Birds.

4. Content: (1) Praise maternal love and innocence. (2) Worship and praise of nature. (3) Thinking and feeling about life.

5. Artistic features: He combines the strengths of China's classical poems and Tagore's philosophical poems, is good at capturing instant inspiration, and expresses his inner feelings and thoughts in a few words, with a short and meaningful form. In terms of language, it is fresh and elegant, crystal clear, clear and smooth, and has a long lasting appeal.

Eight, "Camel Xiangzi": the bitter story of rickshaw pullers in old Beijing

1, written by Lao She, a famous modern writer, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Manchu. His main works are Camel Xiangzi, Four Generations under One roof and Teahouse.

2. Main content: The novel tells the bitter story of an ordinary rickshaw driver. Xiangzi is honest, strong and patient, like a camel. Three ups and downs, Xiangzi lost confidence in life. By the end of the novel, Xiangzi became a numb, down-and-out, cunning, taking advantage, eating and drinking, gambling and giving up on himself. The novel criticizes the society that doesn't let good people have a way out.

3. Reading feelings: ① Through the changes of Xiangzi, he criticized this dark society mercilessly; (2) The novel shows us a striking figure painting, a world picture with a strong old Beijing style; (3) He is good at mobilizing various techniques to shape characters, and has strong artistic appeal; (4) The creative use of Beijing residents' spoken language makes the popular and simple language vivid, fresh, lively and powerful, full of national style and local characteristics.

4. Character image-typical plot-personality characteristics:

Xiangzi: Honest, robust, persevering, self-respecting and hardworking; Numb, down and out, cunning, taking advantage, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, giving up on yourself.

Tigress manages the workers in the garage and boldly pursues Xiangzi who is bold, provocative and a little abnormal.

Si Liu is cruel and overbearing.

Nine, Flowers in the Morning: Warm Memories and Rational Criticism

1, by Lu Xun, a modern writer, writer, thinker and revolutionary in China. The founder of modern literature in China, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born under the pseudonym Lu Xun. The main works are novel collection "Scream", "Wandering" and prose collection; Flowers bloom in the evening, prose and poetry, weeds, miscellaneous collections: hot air, Gai Hua collection, South-to-North transfer, three idle collections, two-hearted collections, justice collection,

2. Lu Xun's collection of essays recalling different life experiences and experiences in childhood, adolescence and youth. The book contains "dogs? Cat? Ten articles, including Rat, Chang, Shan Hai Jing, Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Wucanghui, Impermanence, From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. Many articles contain warm memories and rational criticism.

Gulliver's Travels: Strange Imagination, Bitter Irony

1, by Swift (1667-1745), a famous British satirical novelist and political commentator.

2. Theme: Gulliver's Travels is famous for its outstanding satire in the history of world literature. Through Gulliver's adventures in Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island and Hui Hui, the novel reflects some contradictions in English society in the first half of the18th century, and exposes and criticizes the corruption and evil of the British ruling class and the crazy plunder and cruel exploitation of the British bourgeoisie during the primitive accumulation of capitalism.

3, the main plot and corresponding meaning:

(1), describing the partisan struggle in Lilliput, and dividing camps according to the height of heels. In fact, the "high-follower party" and the "low-follower party" are plotting against each other for power and profit, which is actually a dig at Britain, two political parties that are constantly fighting. Telling the story of Lilliputian Lilliputian fighting with neighboring countries is an allusion to the successive wars between Britain and France at that time.

(2) In Great Britain, Gulliver's triumphant introduction was questioned. Great Britain has a primitive system and simple folk customs. They believe that Britain's nearly 100-year history is full of "greed, partisanship, hypocrisy, distrust, cruelty, anger, madness, resentment, jealousy, lust, sinister and ambition" and its consequences.

(3) The third volume of the novel, through the description of five countries including Feidao, expresses my doubts about modern science and technology and severely condemns colonial rule.

(4) The fourth volume shows the grotesque phenomenon of the inversion of man and beast in a wanton style. In this utopian country, the horse is the carrier of reason, while the humanoid "wild fox" is an evil and dirty beast. Gulliver's dialogue with Hui Jian became a merciless lash to the "human" society.

4. Reading experience: ① The novel is full of strange imagination and fairy tale color; Bitter, sharp and profound satire is the soul of the novel; The satirical drinks in the novel contain some pessimistic views on human nature and human society, but behind the sharp pessimistic attitude, there is a bitter and eager feeling of worrying about the world. (4) The author of the novel comments on the present situation of his country through his travel notes and the eyes of outsiders.

Representative Name: Letter from Fu Lei

Style: Family letters compiled from family letters.

Authors: famous translators and literary critics. Since 1930s, he has devoted himself to the translation and introduction of French literature, and translated most of Balzac's comedies in "On Earth", with rich translations throughout his life.

Main content: a devoted teaching article full of fatherly love.

Theme: Teach children how to be a man, how to deal with problems in life, and be an artist with both ability and political integrity and excellent personality.

Character: Fu Lei: The image of an elder, with rich life experience, good at preaching and teaching, caring and loving his son deeply, with deep artistic attainments and cultural background. Fu Cong: The image of a young artist who loves music, pursues his ideals persistently, loves his motherland and makes constant efforts.

Wonderful famous sentences: ① people's life is ups and downs in the ebb and flow, but only mediocre people can live like stagnant water; Or you must have a high level of self-cultivation in order not to be tired and truly free. Gradually, you will develop a feeling of dealing with the past: that is, you can think of something that is no longer thrilling, objectively analyze the cause and effect, and learn from it to avoid repeating the same mistakes in the future.

Artistic features: Letters from Home covers a wide range of artistic fields, including works of art and music, as well as some expressive skills and artistic accomplishment. The whole letter from home reveals the true feelings, showing Fu Lei's profound writing skills and artistic accomplishment. The writing is vivid, beautiful and touching.

Representative work name: bacon's essays

Style: prose

About the author: British philosopher, thinker and writer. Marx called him "the true ancestor of British materialism and the whole modern experimental science", and his masterpiece in this respect is New Tools. At the same time, he was also the most famous essayist in Renaissance England, and wrote a book called Essays, which consisted of 58 short essays.

Main contents: involving philosophy, ethics, ways of dealing with the world, etc. Most of them are closely related to personal life and express the author's "philosophy of life" in a concentrated way.

Theme: Criticizing the philosophy and idealism of European scholasticism in the Middle Ages, advocating revealing the mysteries of nature through experiments, engaging in scientific experiments, and devoting to exploring and establishing new beliefs, norms and morals, which fully embodies the ideas of the Renaissance.

Personality: Have a relatively objective and unique understanding of nature.

Wonderful famous sentences: ① Reading makes people wise, reading poems makes them witty, mathematics makes them careful, science makes them profound, ethics makes them grave, and the study of logic and rhetoric makes them able to contend. (2) Knowledge is power.

Artistic features: Wang Zuoliang, a British writer, called it "having unique opinions on every issue and criticizing the heart, but his writing is rigorous, sophisticated, sharp, thorough and full of epigrams." However, the limitations of Bacon's prose are also obvious. The aristocratic position, male-dominated perspective and some utilitarian thoughts close to bourgeois philosophy embodied in prose are easy to cause controversy.

Representative Name: Jane Eyre

Style: novel

About the author: charlotte bronte,/kloc-a British woman writer in the 9th century.

Jane: "Love is an orphan and will be a governess in Thornfield noble manor when she grows up." She is humble and simple, but she has won the respect and love of her master Rochester with sincere feelings and noble morality.

Theme: the yearning for human freedom and happiness and the pursuit of a higher spiritual realm.

Personality: Jane loves passionate fantasy and rebellious spirit, has a romantic literary tradition and longs for a richer life.

Wonderful chapter: ① At Thornfield Manor, Jane Eyre bravely announced her love for Rochester. (2) After her marriage was blocked, Jane Eyre resolutely left her lover and ran away from home.

Artistic features: This novel is narrated in the first person, with strong subjective color and touching feelings. The plot of the novel is strange, the atmosphere is strange and the suspense is heavy. Novels are always full of rich, sincere, rich and delicate emotions. The inner monologue and colorful scenery description, as well as the clever design of suspense and the rendering of atmosphere, all increase the artistic appeal of the works.

Representative Name: Two Wan Li under the Sea

About the author: jules verne is a famous French novelist of science fiction and adventure.

The main content: This paper mainly tells the story that Pierre Aronnax, a French biologist, discovered a submarine named Nautilus, and took his servant Conseil and a whaling ship with Captain Nemo on this submarine, and made two expeditions around the world thousands of miles away.

Theme: Two Wan Li under the Sea depicts people's adventures in the sea. The wonderful and spectacular underwater world is full of exoticism and strong romanticism, which embodies the dream of human beings yearning for heaven and earth and flying freely since ancient times. The novel can not only stimulate people's interest in science, but also praise the images of soldiers who resist oppression, such as Captain Nemo, and show their sense of social justice and lofty humanitarian spirit.

Artistic features: ① ingenious conception and thrilling plot. (2) the ingenious combination of science and fantasy. ③ Make bold and reasonable imagination on the basis of science.

Wonderful story: walking on the submarine plain.

Character: Captain Nemo is not only brave, fearless and devoted to science, but also a warrior image who resists colonialism, slavery and the progressive thoughts of the oppressors.

Name of the masterpiece: Who's Who?

About the author: romain rolland, a famous French humanitarian writer.

Main content: Whose Biography tells the hardships and frustrations of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy in their lives, and praises their noble character and tenacious struggle spirit.

Theme: Pain and tribulation make great men. They have experienced all kinds of hardships in life physically and mentally, but they have spent their whole lives creating immortal masterpieces, praising their noble character and tenacious struggle spirit.

Artistic features: ① The author wrote the mediocre and rough side of the great man in his heart. (2) A large number of rhetorical devices such as metaphor and exaggeration are used.

Wonderful plot: ① Beethoven's letter to his friend Reverend Amanda. (2) the last paragraph of Beethoven.

Wonderful famous sentence: because of music, the human soul will shine.

Character: Tolstoy, in adversity, faced with suffering, without illusions, faced life directly, dared to fight against suffering and endured the torture of cruel fate. It was suffering that made him great.

Masterpiece title: "Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening"

Author: Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, is a great modern writer, thinker and revolutionary in China. His main works include novel collection Scream, Wandering and New Stories. Prose collection "Morning Flowers" (formerly called "Memories of Time Past"). A collection of prose poems, Weeds.

Main content: I talked about my childhood life and learning process, and recalled those unforgettable things. The main titles are From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue, Mr. Fujino, A Chang, Shan Hai Jing and Twenty-four Filial Pieties.

Theme: It expresses the author's yearning for his relatives, friends and teachers in the past, and at the same time attacks and satirizes the reactionary conservative forces.

Artistic features: capture some unforgettable life fragments and vividly describe them, and choose individual plots and details to describe the characters' personalities, so that the works are full of life breath; Dialogue, discussion, etc.

Wonderful sentences: ① I always have to go up and down to find the blackest, blackest and blackest mantra. First, I will curse all those who oppose and hinder the vernacular Chinese. Even if a person really has a soul after death, he should go to hell and never repent because of this worst heart. He must first curse all those who oppose and hinder the vernacular. -"Twenty-four Filial Pieties" ② Sometimes I often think: His earnest hope and tireless teaching for me are all for China, that is, I hope that China will have new medicine; Generally speaking, it is for academic purposes, that is, I hope that new medicine will spread to China-Mr. Fujino.

Representative Name: Xiangzi Camel

About the author: Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, is a modern novelist and dramatist. Representative works include Camel Xiangzi, A Family of Four Generations and Dramas Longxugou.

Main content: This paper takes the three ups and downs of Xiangzi's car purchase as the main line, and summarizes Xiangzi's tragic life from full of hope to struggle to mental breakdown and degeneration.

Theme: It shows the miserable life of rickshaw pullers in the old society, exposes and denounces the dark society that drove Xiangzi into the abyss, and shows that it is only an illusion to make a fortune by personal struggle in the old society.

Artistic features: tragic color of the works, civilian language, reasonable psychological description and environmental description.

Wonderful famous sentences: ① It rains for the rich and also for the poor; Both the just and the unjust are raining. In fact, rain is unfair because it falls in an unfair world. The greatest sacrifice is to endure humiliation, and the greatest humiliation is to be prepared to resist.

Wonderful plot: ① Xiangzi got off the bus in the scorching sun and heavy rain. (2) The description of Xiangzi when he wants to go to the city to pull carts to make a living.

Character: Xiangzi: Honest, strong and persevering, like a camel; Later, he became numb, cunning, easy to take advantage of, and became a self-destructive walking corpse. Tigress: overbearing and provocative, she is mentally abnormal, but she has her own depression and a desire to pursue happiness.

Masterpiece name: How is steel tempered?

Author: ostrovsky, writer of the former Soviet Union. His representative works include How Steel was Tempered and The Birth of the Storm. Volume 1. He was wounded in the battle with foreign occupation troops and white bandits, and later he was wounded by bullets, paralyzed and blind, still struggling in various difficulties, which fully reflected the noble quality of the new generation with * * * * as their ideal.

Main content: Based on the author's own experience, the work describes the process of the protagonist Paul Kochagin growing from the son of an ordinary worker to a proletarian revolutionary hero, and shows a broad picture of Russia from World War I, October Revolution, Civil War to economic recovery.

Theme: Praise the revolutionary spirit of the tenacious struggle of Soviet youth to defend the revolutionary regime and restore the national economy.

Artistic features: ① Creation based on real people. (2) Write a large number of historical events and the performance of mass heroes. ③ Use various artistic techniques, such as aphorisms, inner monologues, diaries and memories.

Character: Paul: Stubborn, full of youthful vigor, fearless, brave and strong, with firm belief in the cause of * * *. Zhu: Paul's guide to the revolutionary road.

Wonderful paragraph: Life is the most precious thing in life, and life is only once for us. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of his mediocrity-in this way, when he dies, he can say: My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind.

Wonderful plot: ① At the grim moment when he lost his fighting ability due to illness, he committed suicide and finally defeated himself. (2) In the case of physical disability and blindness, Paul continued to fight with literature as a weapon and wrote with tenacious perseverance.

Famous works: Aesop's fables

Author: Aesop, who is said to be an ancient Greek in the 6th century BC, is good at telling stories.

Main content: Fable stories originate from life and are higher than life. They are full of life and shine with wisdom.

Theme: Many contents in the book allude to the social reality at that time. Show the life experience and wisdom of working people.

Artistic features: ① Anthropomorphic techniques are widely used to express the habits of animals, with vivid and impressive images. (2) Short and pithy, with few languages but worth remembering.

Wonderful plot: The story of The Farmer and the Snake warns people not to be soft on the wicked. "Wolf and Sheep" and "Cat and Chicken" expose the cruelty and arrogance of rulers with wonderful satire.

Personality: the ferocity of the jackal. Fox's cunning. The ferocity of the lion. The cowardice of goats.

Representative Name: Childhood

About the author: Gorky (1868-1936) is a great proletarian writer. His main works are autobiographical trilogy Childhood, On Earth and My University.

Main content: It tells the story of Alisha's childhood from three to ten years old. In a family full of cruelty and hatred, the master realized the pain and ugliness of the world prematurely; The master still maintains the courage and confidence of life in such a terrible environment; And gradually grow into a strong, brave, honest and caring person.

Alesha is the central figure in this book. He was kind since he was a child, especially under the influence of his grandmother, and he generated a soul with a clear distinction between good and evil, right and wrong, and love and hate. He is diligent in learning and hard-working. The severe life makes him grow into a strong-willed, ambitious and promising newcomer. The most important thing in his personality is: the desire for knowledge and the yearning for a better future. The hardships of life did not make him flinch. He firmly believes that the darkness will eventually pass and the future will be bright. Alesha's image is the representative of a new generation of Russian people, and his growth path is the road for millions of Russian workers to move towards revolution and a new life.

Classic sentences: ① Life is hard. For those who are unwilling to be mediocre, it is an endless struggle; Often tragic; No luster; No happiness, struggling in loneliness and silence. You shouldn't play when the whole world is crying. Celebrating a person's birth is an unconscious human behavior. You should keep your joy and vent it when a person who has lived a full life dies. (3) Life must move forward. Moving is life.

I hope I can help you!