Appreciation means to appreciate and analyze (poetry, etc.), and to gain rational understanding through appreciation and analysis. The following is the text appreciation of "Two Short Essays" that I have compiled for you. You are welcome to share it.
1. "Talking about Reading"
1. Clear thinking:
This essay is written in an unusual way. It discusses a wide range of topics and talks about knowledge. It talks about the value of seeking knowledge, the attitude towards learning, and the method of reading, but the ideas are very clear and the language is very concise, almost one sentence is a point of view. It can be roughly divided into three levels.
The first level (from the beginning to the end is based on observation) explains the correct purpose of reading. Let's get straight to the point. From the positive point of view, reading has three different purposes: pleasure, enrichment and talent development. Focus on the benefits of reading. Then it points out three biases in reading from the negative side, and uses metaphors to discuss the relationship between reading and experience: they complement each other and reinforce each other. Finally, it is pointed out that only those who understand things clearly can read and use books, and the wisdom of using books is gained from observing life.
The second level (from not deliberately criticizing the author when reading to being able to show ignorance and knowledge) explains the method of reading. It is pointed out that one should think carefully when reading, and opposes deliberate nitpicking, superstition of books and limited inferences from words. It is advocated to use different reading methods for different books, either selective reading, browsing, comprehensive reading, or intensive reading. Some books only read abstracts. After analyzing the different functions of reading, discussion and composition, it is advocated to combine reading with discussion, composition and note-taking.
The third level (from reading history makes people wise to the end) explains that reading can shape people's character and make up for various mental defects. First, it is explained that books in various subjects can shape character after reading and encourage people to read; and then it is explained that people's mental shortcomings can be made up for by books, just like all kinds of physical diseases can be eliminated by exercise.
2. Flexible writing style:
The author's writing style is very flexible, with various reasoning methods and vivid language.
First, use metaphors to reason. For example, a set of metaphors is used to illustrate that natural talents are like natural flowers and plants, and after reading, one knows how to prune and graft them to prove the view that reading makes up for the shortcomings of nature, and experience makes up for the shortcomings of reading. Written in this way, the principles of the discussion are easy to understand and the language of the discussion is vivid and vivid.
Second, use parallelism to discuss. For example, his happiness is most seen when he is alone in seclusion; his richness is most seen in his eloquent talks; his talent is most seen when he is dealing with the world and judging things. Reading makes people enriched, discussions make people witty, and composition makes people accurate. Therefore, those who do not often write must have a strong memory, those who do not often discuss must be talented, and those who do not often read must have skills to deceive the world, so that they can show their knowledge from ignorance, etc. These sentences list similar things or compare different things to make the similarities Or the differences may be more obvious, making the argument more powerful and coherent.
Third, use inductive argumentation. For example, to explain that reading can shape a person's character, we first list the functions of six specific subjects: reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people smart, mathematics makes people thoughtful, science makes people profound, ethics makes people solemn, logic and rhetoric. Learning makes people eloquent. Finally, I quoted a famous quote to summarize the argument: Whatever you learn becomes your character. Because the content listed above is rich and detailed, the final conclusion is very convincing.
2. "Not Asking for a Deeper Understanding"
This essay is a refutation. In the process of refuting other people's opinions, it also elaborates on its own opinions. The article comprehensively explains Tao Yuanming's original words, reveals the two meanings of Tao Yuanming's "not asking for deep explanations", and based on this, denies the view of "not asking for deep explanations". The correct propositions that the key to reading lies in understanding, that reading should be done with an open mind, and that important books should be read over and over again are logically established.
1. Main content and ideas.
Paragraph 1 sets out the target for criticism: It is not good to not seek a thorough explanation of any problem.
In the second paragraph, starting from the source of "not asking for a deeper understanding", it shows that people have misunderstood the meaning of "not asking for a deeper understanding". Tao Yuanming's reading attitude is correct and worth learning.
Paragraph 3 provides a comprehensive analysis of Tao Yuanming’s reading attitude. First of all, we must develop the habit of reading well. Only if you are good at reading can you talk about seeking a deeper solution. Secondly, the key to reading lies in understanding, and understanding is very difficult. Therefore, Tao Yuanming was very happy every time he understood something.
Paragraph 4 explains that because it was difficult to understand, Tao Yuanming had no choice but to say that he did not seek a deeper understanding. Pointing out that not asking for a deep understanding has two meanings. One is to show humility, because not everyone can understand the book, so it admits not asking for a deep understanding. The second is to explain the method of reading, not to be stubborn, but to understand the general idea.
Paragraph 5 advocates an open-minded attitude towards reading without seeking deeper explanations. Take Plekhanov as an example. He thought he was familiar with Marx's works and wanted to understand them better, but in fact he made many misinterpretations. When we read classic works today, we must read them with an open mind and understand the spiritual essence of the classic works.
Paragraph 6 introduces that the ancients read with an attitude of not seeking deeper understanding. Zhuge Liang was given as an example. Zhuge Liang's reading is based on the general view, and he is more sophisticated than Xu Shu and others. He has a wider range of knowledge and a more comprehensive understanding of problems.
Paragraph 7: Give a comprehensive explanation without asking for a thorough explanation. On the other hand, not asking for a thorough explanation is not careless and careless. It just means that you do not focus on one word or sentence and do not give up the whole because of a certain part.
Paragraph 8, which follows the meaning of the previous paragraph, shows that the meaning of Lu Xiangshan’s quotation is also not to lose the big for the small, which is similar to the meaning of not seeking a deeper understanding.
The last paragraph emphasizes that important books should be read repeatedly, because many books cannot be read at once.
2. Writing characteristics:
Detailed and detailed reasoning. In order to illustrate his point of view, the author does not hesitate to use a large amount of text to conduct detailed analysis. In paragraph 8, I quote a quotation from Lu Xiangshan, an acting scholar of the Song Dynasty, to prove that it is advisable to read without asking for deep explanations.
Examples of pros and cons. Paragraph 5 lists the negative examples of Plekhanov who thought he was familiar with Marx's works and sought a deeper understanding, but actually made many misinterpretations to tell people that they must have an open-minded attitude towards reading without seeking a deeper understanding. The sixth paragraph gives a positive example of Zhuge Liang's understanding of reading and introduces the experience of ancient people reading with an attitude of not seeking deeper understanding.
Simple and concise language. Compared with the vivid language in Bacon's "On Reading", the language in this article is more approachable, eloquent, and simple in terms of language.
Colorful paragraphs. The paragraph pattern of the full text is very rich, basically one paragraph per paragraph: Paragraph 1 - Pendulum phenomenon + highlight point; Paragraph 2 - Introduction + Exposition; Paragraph 3 - Parallel style; Paragraph 4 - Total score. Formula; paragraph 5 - negative example + positive explanation; paragraph 6 - opinion + example; paragraph 7 - negative + positive; paragraph 8 - example + explanation; paragraph 9 - summary formula.