Li Shangyin's poems on Jinse and Jinse have always had different interpretations. Here, I will comment on various explanations first, and then analyze them. The original text is long, so it is divided into sections. The first paragraph comments on He Chao's explanation of Yimen Reading Club. He Chao thinks Jinse is a poem mourning his wife and king. The first couplet "I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval." Motome's 50 stringed instruments are used to express sadness and grief. The second couplet: "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, cuckoo crowing by emperors." From Zhuang Zhou's "Dream Butterfly", "Soul" to "cuckoo bird", it marks the change of the king, that is, the death of the king. Sanlian "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears in the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathe their jadeite to the sun." It is sad that she can't come back to life. The last link: "A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it." It is an obvious mourning poem to say "reminisce" and "think about the New Year" and miss her when she was young. He Chao also quoted Cheng Xiangheng as saying: This was put by Li Shangyin at the beginning of his collection of poems, which meant that this poem was regarded as an order. The theme of the second poem is Zhuang Meng become a butterfly, expressing lofty sentiments; Looking at the emperor, Du Fu cried and expressed his grief. Loyalty and honesty talk about their craft, that is, the art of their poems, like tears in beads and smoke in jade. He Chao believes that Li Shangyin's original work has been lost. The collected works circulating now are all compiled by later generations, not by Li Shangyin, so Cheng's statement is groundless. He Chao said that what Cheng Xiangheng said was relatively simple, and Teacher Qian found out Cheng's original words. Cheng said: The first couplet pointed out that the poems written at ordinary times are all about recalling life. The second couplet points out that some of the concentrated poems are self-inflicted and some are ironic, that is, comparing the cuckoo's wailing to self-inflicted and turning Zhuang Zhou's dream into a butterfly as irony. Couplets refer to a beautifully written poem, which shows its skill. At the end of the couplet, it is pointed out that what is said in the poem is unbearable and negotiable. Mr. Qian pointed out that He Chao's theory of denying Cheng was wrong. Even though Li Shangyin's Poems is not the original collection, it is still considered that Jinse is the first in the complete collection. Mr. Qian refutes the theory of He Chao's funeral. The sentence "Zhuang Sheng" is based on the butterfly dream in Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything. The original text said: "In the past, Zhuang Zhoumeng was a butterfly, lifelike (complacent)." It is said that he dreamed that he became a butterfly, lifelike, and had nothing to do with mourning his dead wife. Instead of using "The Joy of Zhuangzi" to drum up the basin, the original text said: "Zhuangzi's wife died and Keiko hanged. Zhuangzi is singing with a drum and a basin. " Talking about "drum basin" refers to the death of his wife, and talking about "become a butterfly" has nothing to do with his wife's death. You can't drag Butterfly to Drum and Basin just because it's all Zhuangzi. For example, Mencius and Li Lou said, "People cover their noses when they learn dirty words." Xi Shi wears a dirty and smelly hat on his head, and everyone covers their noses. Sun Pishu: Fu Cha, King of Wu, ordered Stone to enter the market. Some people are willing to pay a penny for seeing it. These are two things in history. "Hand in a piece of paper" should not involve "impudence". We take the Han nationality as an example. Some people suspect that he stole gold, while others suspect that he stole his sister-in-law. These are two things, and we can't talk nonsense. Speaking of Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi and Keiko like to watch fish on Haoshui Bridge, and Zhuangzi sighs when he sees a skull. Everything about Zhuangzi in The Buddha's Head in the Lacquer Garden can be used as a guessing game. Why do you know it is a drum basin? That is, "dream butterfly" is not a "drum basin" and has nothing to do with his dead wife. This is a refutation of He Chao's statement. In the second paragraph, Zhang Caitian is quoted as saying: "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears in the green sea in the moonlight, and the blue fields breathe their jade in the sun." Li Deyu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, was banished to Zhu Ya, where he died and died together with Zhuhai, so he was called "the sea". It is said that the jade produced in Lantian is better than that produced in Linghu. "Poetry Xiaoya Festival Nanshan": "Festival Nanshan, Wei Yan. Hehe, Teacher Yin, the people have a vision. " Teacher Yin's position is higher than Nanshan's. The room here is made of jade from Lantian Mountain, compared with Linghu Lake. Warm Day is better than Hu Ling. Mr. Qian thinks that the explanation of the sentence "the sea" can be compared with the banter of "worshiping the Western Buddha": "In the fifth round of Dong Ruoyu's The Journey to the West, the Monkey King turned into a beauty, joined hands with Shi and Qing Niang, and blurted out:" Worship the Western Buddha. When the women heard this, they were shocked. Monkey forced a face and said, "This word is difficult to understand, so it needs to be solved. "。 Heaven is also a husband, the west is the west of Chu, the worshippers return, and the Buddha's heart is also; I changed my words and went back to my husband. "According to Li Deyu, he died on the pearl cliff, not in the sea, and has nothing to do with the tears in the pearl. It is quite unreasonable that the sentence "Lantian" has been dragged on until today. In the third paragraph, Yuan Haowen, a stone note in The Theory of Poetry, was quoted as saying that "Wang Chunxin is crying, and the beauty Jin Se complains about the New Year", and Li E was quoted as saying. Mr. Qian also noted the second half of Jinse: "This mourning poem is also conclusive." "I am firm and full of feelings." "Today people fondle the strings, sigh the passage of time, and miss the past. "Time" means materialization, with Zhuangzi's wife dying, Keiko hanging, and Zhuangzi singing while sitting in a drum basin. One mountain is used in the past, and there are many people. " "Five sentences are beautiful, and six sentences are beautiful. This is called reminiscence." "At that time, seeing this beauty felt like a dream. I knew good things wouldn't be strong. "There is a new explanation here, that is,' Fifty Strings' and' Twenty-Five Strings' are the years of their lives. According to Li Shangyin, he married Wang in the third year of Kaicheng (838) and Wang died in the fifth year of Dazhong (85 1), which lasted thirteen years. If Wang dies at the age of twenty-five, it is unreasonable to get married at the age of twelve. So this new statement does not agree. As for turning "become a butterfly" into a "drum basin", Mr. Qian has already refuted it, so there is no need to refute it. As for the "materialization" theory, Zhuang Zhou's dream turned into a butterfly, and Zhuang Zhou woke up without "materialization", so the "materialization" theory is also inconsistent. In the third paragraph, Wang Shihan said that he was not proud of it. It's that the 50-string ancient instrument is out of fashion and its talent is not as good as its own. " ""and "current affairs of young people". Press Meng Xiao to refer to "lifelike butterfly". What is vivid is the appearance of self-satisfaction, which is inconsistent with the statement of "dissatisfaction". "Spring Heart" means "strong heart, high ambition". It doesn't seem enough to refer to sadness as "cuckoo" and just say "rest in peace". In the fourth paragraph, Mr. Qian explained the poem, and Cheng Xiangheng said that the poem was placed at the beginning of the collection, which meant orderly. It is in this sense that Mr. Qian interprets the chapter "Jinse". Li Shangyin once said his poem: "The stars are cold, and the river is ringing. Husband has his own hatred, and the chat will spread. " He wrote: "The word' star potential' means that sound and light are here, feeling is there, thanking (referring to ancestors) and hating themselves. I borrowed my poems to spread them, so there are many memorials. "That is to say, his poems are about sound and light here, and love there, that is to say, it is about jinse and love there. This feeling is not only his own, but also that of his ancestors, so the hatred of his ancestors can also be conveyed through his poems. It shows that the content reflected in his poems contains hatred for his ancestors. Mr. Qian pointed out that this is "a straightforward poem. "This is to directly say the function of his poems. Putting "Jinse" at the beginning of the complete works is to summarize the poems of the complete works with "Jinse" as the preface, not to increase some clarity. This is because Jinse has only eight sentences, and it is an ancient poem with unlimited sentences. Jinse is an eight-sentence metrical poem, which is inconvenient to point out. The fifth paragraph begins to analyze the poem "Jinse". Let's talk about "Jinse" first, explaining that using "Jinse" as a metaphor for poetry is just like using "Qin Yu" as a metaphor for poetry, and citing two examples of Du Fu and Liu Mengde to testify. This is one aspect. Mr. Qian also pointed out that Li Shangyin also used "Jin Se" in other poems, which indicated that Mr. Qian looked at the problem in such a comprehensive way. For example, "Jinse is longer than people" means that Jinse can be preserved longer than people and live longer than people. Here I express my condolences. Here, Mr. Qian quoted the poems of Tang poets Bao Rong, Du Fu and Song Sushi to illustrate. Mr. Qian also quoted Li Shangyin's poem "The Jingse Quietly Strings and Broken Dreams", which is the voice of Yu Yu, and cited two poems as proof. Explain that the word "Jinse" can be used for various metaphors. Mr. Qian also quoted Li Shangyin's Fishes: "Learning new things makes you happy, and the golden harp is beside Zhu. "This is when I see the brocade by the window sill and think of the new knowledge of the past." "One day" refers to the past. Mr. Qian pointed out that this is "not only what you see, but also what you see", that is, when you see Jinse, you think of new knowledge in the past. Therefore, the first pair of couplets was written. From seeing Jinse, I thought of the fifty strings of ancient Jinse, and I felt that I was almost fifty years old, which aroused my feelings. Including "harmony and joy,' harmony and resentment'. "The tune played by Jinse is" harmony and resentment ",which refers to both the tune of Jinse and the four lines in the poem." The Moon Beads with Tears means harmony, the dream butterfly means harmony, and the longing for love means resentment. In the sixth paragraph, Mr. Qian pointed out that "happiness and sorrow" and "resentment" mean "saint Zhuangzi daydreaming was bewitched by butterflies", that is, "Zhuang Zhoumeng is a butterfly, lifelike. Lively and complacent, that is, "happy" or "comfortable" and "the king's longing for spring cuckoo crowing" hurt the heart of spring, and ask Du Fu to mourn, that is, "angry" or "resentful". This meaning has been pointed out above. So there is another meaning here, that is, "fable is false, metaphor is simulacra." "That is, relying on" Dream Butterfly "to pin" Yixing "and relying on" Du Fu in Spring "to pin" heavy sorrow ". On the 63rd page of Guan Cone, it says: "Hu Yin's Fei (Volume 18) and Yi Shu Zhi contain Li Zhi's words:' Seek things with expression, touch things with passion, and copy things with expression. Quite a victory. Page 629: "It's not that he tells things to express his feelings, but the person who says things are right in modern western poetry." "Wu Wenying's The Wind Into the Pine":' The wasp diligently explores the autumn rope, and once it was condensed with its hands'. Instead of saying' I can still smell it', bees looking for flowers frequently show the condensation and retention of hand fragrance, and bees should be regarded as things that smell fragrant. " In this way, this butterfly and cuckoo have become things that should be "happy" and "sad". The so-called "conveying the spirit by trace" and "conveying the spirit by form" means expressing the essence and spirit of "interest" and "God's love" with the traces and shapes of butterflies and cuckoos. This comes into contact with the "method of writing poetry." The seventh paragraph tells five or six sentences: "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears in the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathe their jade in the sun." Images are used to express the style or realm of poetry, just like Si Kongtu's poems, which express various styles through various image descriptions. See the forty-seventh page of Lu, saying, "The inscription is rich, the image layout is common every time, and the holy work" Poetry "is natural." Another example is Du Fu's "Happiness is six quatrains": "Or look at the emerald green, the blue ocean does not catch whales." Use "on the emerald orchid" to represent a beautiful style, and "in the whale blue sea" to represent a magnificent style. Use "the pearl has tears" to show that his poem "Although the pearl is round, it still contains tears"; "Jade gives birth to smoke" is used to illustrate that although his poems are smooth as jade, they are still full of vitality. It shows that his poems are as smooth as pearls and jade, full of life breath, not as rich and lacking charm as the later Quincy poems. The last sentence of the eighth paragraph echoes the first two sentences. "And a moment that should have lasted forever" is an event in the year of China, and "memory" is "thinking about the year of China". At that time, it was time to eat, drink and be merry. "Disappointment" is the feeling that "a good dream is easy to wake up and the banquet is over". Mr. Qian's analysis of the poem Jinse provides us with a good example of appreciating the work. When analyzing this poem, Mr. Qian first discussed the different interpretations of this poem by predecessors, analyzed them one by one, and combined with the political background of Li Deyu and Ling Humao, pointed out the problems of various interpretations such as the theory of mourning; If you are not satisfied, point out that these statements are wrong and inappropriate, and think that Cheng Xiangheng's brief preface is reasonable and can explain the whole poem. When appreciating the whole poem, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the word "Jinse" and the sentence "Jinse" used in Li Shangyin's complete works, and then illustrates it with two examples of using "Qin Yu" as a metaphor for poetry. It is necessary to "fascinate the butterfly" and "support the cuckoo", combined with the tone of Jinse to "accommodate grievances", and the theory of literature and art "seek things to support feelings" and "take things as rights". As for "tears on the beads" and "smoke on the jade", it combines the poems of Si Kongtu, Du Fu, Heine, Goethe and other works praised by outsiders. "Seeking the wild and seeking neighbors is conducive to the reunification of Zhang Mu." In this way, appreciation can break the eternal confusion, explore the author's heart and draw a conclusion on the interpretation of the poem Jinse. Readers don't have to hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng.