Historical evaluation
Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms": Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of the country, caring for the people, showing rituals, appointing officials, obeying the authority, being sincere, imparting justice, and being loyal and beneficial. At that time, no matter how angry you are, you will be rewarded; if you violate the law and show negligence, you will be punished, no matter how close you are; if you admit guilt and lose love, you will be released, no matter how serious it is; if you use rhetoric and clever tricks, you will be killed even if it is light; if you do good deeds, you will not reward them; if you do evil, you will not degrade them if they do not have the slightest trace. Refined, the essence of physics, abiding by names and responsibilities, despising hypocrisy; finally within the territory of the country, one is fearful but loves it, and those who have no resentment despite severe punishments and administrations, because of their calm intentions, are enlightened in admonishment. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern, and Guan and Xiao are inferior to each other. However, he has been trying to mobilize the masses for many years without success. He must adapt to the general strategy and it is not his strength!
"Yuan Zi": If the law is strictly enforced, the people of the country will be satisfied with it, and if the people do their best, they will not complain. His soldiers come in and out like guests, and they are not invaders. Those who eat grass and grass do not hunt, just like in the country. The way he uses his troops is to stop like a mountain and advance and retreat like the wind. When the troops are sent out, the world is shaken, but the people's hearts are not worried. In the decades since Liang's death, the people of the country have been thinking about it, just like the Zhou people thought about summoning the duke. Confucius said, "Yong can also make the south face", Zhuge Liang has this.
Liu Bei: "There is a hole in a solitary person, just like a fish in water. I hope you will not say anything more." "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will surely be able to secure the country and settle major events. If your heir can assist you, If he is not talented, you can take it yourself."
Meng Huo: "God is so powerful that the southerners will never rebel."
Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang." He is good at governing the country."
Liu Ye: "Zhuge Liang is wise in governing." " "Zhuge Kongming is like a sleeping dragon"
Yang Hong: "The people of the West are able to serve Zhuge Liang to the best of their ability."
Ma Liang: "Brother, I should praise the world." , The fortune is bright and the country is bright, and the spirit is far-reaching. If the husband changes, he uses elegance and consideration, and he uses simple talents to suit the time. On the road, the high and wonderful sounds are harmonious, the sounds of Zheng and Wei are harmonious, and they are conducive to things, without any interference. This is the perfection of orchestral music, the harmony of Ya and Kuang."
Fan Jian: "Wen. Evil will be corrected, and mistakes will not be tolerated. The trust in rewards and punishments will inspire the gods."
Zhang Wen: "But when Zhuge Liang saw the calculation, he must have known that the gods would consider Qushen, and he would benefit from the overthrow of the imperial court. , there is no doubt that he is a genius."
Sima Yi: "He is really a genius in the world!"
Sima Yi: "Zhuge Liang is really a god, I am not as good as him!" /p>
Yang Xi's "Ode to the Assistant Ministers of the Han Dynasty" praised Prime Minister Zhuge: "He is loyal to the military and heroic, offers advice to the riverside, climbs Wu and Shu, and has the power to be true in the world. He inherited Aheng, improved the martial arts, and spread the moral education. The wind, the good and the foolish compete with each other, and they forget their own bodies. The four descendants of Sui are in the enemy's court, and they really show their power, study the great country, and hate Wei Yi."
Long and Xiang Chong: "Kuang Liang's virtues are far-reaching, and his achievements are unparalleled throughout his life."
Sima Yan: "It's so good that I have this person to help me. How can I not do today's hard work!"
Fu Qian: "Zhuge Liangda knows the changes, is upright and has plans, and is the prime minister."
Guo Chong: "Jincheng Guo Chong thought that he had power, wisdom and strategy, and he had more than Guan, Yan , The merits have not been accomplished, and the commentators are confused. If the five things are hidden from the world, the treasures will not be restored. "
Liu Chan replied to Prime Minister Zhuge Liang's edict: "Jie. The blame for the battle at Ting was Ma Su, but the king offended him, deeply devalued himself, violated the king's will, and obeyed his subordinates. The year before last, Yao's troops were killed, and Wang Shuang was killed. This year, Guo Huai escaped during the Yuan campaign, and he surrendered to the Di and Qiang. , the two counties were restored, the power was fierce, and the merits were obvious. The emperor was harassed today, and the original evil was not eliminated. The king received a great responsibility and was responsible for the country. However, he has been doing harm to himself for a long time. It is not the reason why he is restored to the prime minister. Don't say goodbye."
Liu Chan issued an edict in memory of Zhuge Liang: "You are a wise and sincere person who is talented in both civil and military affairs. The Sixth Division has been conquering for many years, and its martial prowess is impressive. It has great power in the eight deserts. It will make great achievements in Jihan and participate in the great achievements of Yi and Zhou. How can I not pay tribute to you when the situation is approaching and you will die in the sudden illness? , The heart is broken. My husband respects virtue and honors his posthumous title, so in the future, he will be immortal. I envoy Du Qiong, the general of Zuo Zhonglang, to present you with the seal ribbon of Wuxianghou, the prime minister, and you will be posthumously named Zhongwuhou. The soul has spirit, Jiazi favors it. Alas! Alas! ”
Emperor Kangxi: “Zhuge Liangyun said: I have devoted my life to death. As a minister, only Zhuge Liang can do this. ”
Wang Weixin: “The unparalleled scholar since the Han Dynasty, the first among three generations.” "Referred to as "the next generation of three generations". Three generations: Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It means that Zhuge Liang's talents and moral character can be compared with the sages of the three generations (Yi Yin, Lu Shang, Fu Shuo, etc.).
Sun Qiao of the Tang Dynasty: "Marquis Wu has been dead for five hundred years, and the people of the Liang and Han Dynasties have been singing songs and worshiping in temples as if they were still there. They have loved the people for so long. "
Mei Tao of the Western Jin Dynasty praised Tao Kan: "The spirit of machine learning is like Wei Wu, and the loyalty, obedience and hard work are like Kong Ming. ”
Chang Xu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: “If you govern the country with courtesy and the people will have no complaints, if you don’t abuse lynching, there will be no tears left.” "
Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty said: "If Zhuge Liang had not died, rituals and music would have flourished. "
"Tang Wencui" records what Shang Chi said in the "Preface to the Inscription on the Zhuge Wuhou Temple Monument": "When the official wrote about the food in the temple, it became an unpublished canon. Within a mountain, every movement and movement , the shape is majestic. If there is a severe drought in the country, if the country prays for it, it can become clouds and rain. This means that everyone is benefiting, and life and death are the same in ancient and modern times. Death and immortality are more valuable than life. "
Lv Wen's "The Temple of Zhuge Wuhou": "The great honor has not been collected, but God will seize it. Sincerity is unforgettable, shining in the sun and moon, and the fierce energy never dissipates.
Long as a thunderstorm. ”
Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once admired Zhuge Liang’s deeds and wrote several poems about Zhuge Liang, including "The Prime Minister of Shu" (two of them have the same name) and "Ode to Ancient Relics Part 4" , "Zhuge Kongming", "Eight Formations", "Gubaihang", "Wuhou Temple", "Zhuge Temple", "Geye". Among them, "Three visits to the world" in "The Prime Minister of Shu", the two dynasties opened. Help the old minister's heart. "Died before he left the army and made the hero burst into tears" has also become a famous saying about Zhuge Liang's life in the future. Other poets have also written many poems to praise Zhuge Liang, such as "Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Biography of Huai" by Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. "A Gift to Uncle Cui Shaofu of Chang'an to Feng Kunji", "Zhuge Wuhou" (two poems) by Wang Anshi, a statesman and writer of the Song Dynasty, "Visiting Zhuge Wuhou's Bookshelf" by the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You, "Visiting Zhuge Wuhou Temple" by Dou Chang of the Tang Dynasty ", "Zhuge Wuhou Temple" by Zhang Xiaobiao of the Tang Dynasty, "Wuhou Temple" by the Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shen, "Shu Daoqi" by the modern historian Guo Moruo, and modern politicians Dong Biwu and Lu Dingyi. < /p>
The heart-attacking couplet hung in the Zhuge Liang Hall of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was written by Zhao Fan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. This couplet attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and others. Its content is: "If you can attack the heart, you will destroy it on the side. From ancient times, we have known that war is bad." Being warlike; not judging the situation, being lenient and strict are all wrong. Later, when governing Shu, we need to think deeply. "
The great revolutionary forerunner Sun Yat-sen praised Zhuge Liang in the "Three People's Principles" and "Democracy": "Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he was able to establish a good government in Xishu and was able to leave Qishan six times. The Northern Expedition was the third tripartite battle between Wu and Wei.
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